HomeMy WebLinkAboutCS 13-09
cit'l REPORT TO
= EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
PICKERING Report Number: CS 13-09
Date: May 11, 2009
From: Gillis A. Paterson
Director, Corporate Services & Treasurer
Subject: Historical/Architectural Designation
- Greenwood Schoolhouse, 3540 Westney Road
- File: A-3300-001-09
Recommendation:
1. That Report CS 13-09 of the Director, Corporate Services & Treasurer be
received;
2. That Council endorse the recommendation of the Heritage Pickering Advisory
Committee for designation of the Greenwood Schoolhouse;
3. That the City Clerk be authorized to begin procedures to have the Greenwood
Schoolhouse municipally known as 3540 Westney Road, designated under Part
IV of the Ontario Heritage Act;
4. That the City Clerk draft and forward an appropriate `Notice of Intent to
Designate' to the owners of the property, the Ontario Heritage Foundation, and
the local newspaper; and
5. Further, that the City Clerk be directed to draft the necessary by-law together
with the reasons for designation for Council approval.
Executive Summary: At their meeting held on March 31, 2009, the Heritage
Pickering Advisory Committee recommended that the Greenwood Schoolhouse, 3540
Westney Road, be approved for heritage designation under Part IV of the Ontario
Heritage Act, and that the City Council be requested to action accordingly.
The purpose of this report is to commence the necessary proceedings to have the
Greenwood Schoolhouse designated as a heritage property in accordance with
Provincial legislation. The background information included as Attachment #1 to the
report has been provided by the Heritage Pickering Advisory Committee.
Financial Implications: There will be associated costs upon approval of the
designation of the Greenwood Schoolhouse in the form of the purchase of a designation
plaque at an estimated cost of $300. This cost is provided for in the 2009 current
budget for the Heritage Pickering Advisory Committee.
Report CS 13-09 May 11, 2009
Subject: Designation of Greenwood Schoolhouse Page 2
0.
Sustainability Implications: Preserving our heritage buildings creates a prosperous
sustainable community.
Background: As part of its 2009 workplan, the Heritage Pickering Advisory
Committee is pursuing a number of properties for heritage designation. The
Greenwood Schoolhouse at 3540 Westney Road is the first property for designation in
2009. This property is owned by the City of Pickering and is currently used as a library.
The Greenwood Schoolhouse is probably the best preserved of the old one-room
schoolhouses in Pickering. While similar in style to other buildings of its type in the
Province, it maintains its classical proportions and fine workmanship combined with
local variations and local materials. Restorations have been carried out sympathetically
and it is a landmark for the community.
Historically the Schoolhouse has been associated with a number of persons of note,
especially "the Chief", John George Diefenbaker, the 13th Prime Minister of Canada.
Several persons of further note, locally and even nationally, have been associated with
this Schoolhouse: Donald Beaton, long time clerk of Pickering Township; Arthur
Johnson, noted area stock breeder and importer; John Williston, newspaper editor and
biographer of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, 7th Prime Minister of Canada; and especially John
George Diefenbaker, 13th Prime Minister of Canada.
The Schoolhouse on Lot 11, Concession 5 was built in 1860 during, and due to, a
period of national economic prosperity fed by the Crimean War and the American Civil
War. Exports of Canada products, especially wheat and lumber, were in high demand
during the 1850s and 1860s, which benefited the farmers, prompting many to build
homes on their properties. The economic boom also prompted the erection of many
public buildings and coincided with the promotion of new functional and substantial
schoolhouses for the townships under the regime of Egerton Ryerson as
Superintendent of Education. This Schoolhouse and property are associated with the
colonization of the area in an agricultural/rural context. Local farmers joined in the
profit-sharing of the economic boom time and used part of that wealth to invest in their
children's future.
The Schoolhouse is classical in design in accordance with the educational plans of the
era as established by Superintendent of Education, Egerton Ryerson, and his deputy, J.
George Hodgins. Restorations in 1980 preserved the classical design elements and
fine workmanship of the original. It is an excellent example of the Victorian-era one-
room schoolhouses in Ontario. It follows a standard plan with variations and using local
materials. The Schoolhouse is of a local, red pressed brick with beige brick arches over
windows and doors and a beige brick, four course plinth. The bricks came from a
brickyard just a few miles away in Salem. The classically proportioned wood windows
are very finely detailed, of incredibly delicate muntin bars that all appear to have
CORP0227-07/01 revised
Report CS 13-09 May 11, 2009
Subject: Designation of Greenwood Schoolhouse Page 3
z;
survived 148 years of weathering and use. The builder was R.T. Manuel, probably
following some of the general schoolhouse designs provided by J. George Hodgins,
Deputy Superintendent of Education. Sympathetic renovations were completed in 1980
by the firm of Lett/Smith of Peterborough.
The Schoolhouse is prominently sited on the top of a hill above the hamlet of
Greenwood. It is a well-known landmark. The Schoolhouse is sited close to what was
once the crossroads of the 6th Concession Road and Sideline 10. Highway 7 now by-
passes the hamlet further to the north of the school, while the old road runs through the
hamlet. Sideline 10 is now named Westney Road (after a prominent local farm family).
The Schoolhouse maintains the character of the agricultural/rural surroundings. This
building would constitute a familiar building in the community, being highly visible.
The Heritage Pickering Advisory Committee has completed a very detailed heritage
report on the subject property, which has been included as Attachment # 1.
Attachments:
1. Heritage Report - Greenwood Schoolhouse
Prepared By: Approved/Endorsed By:
3
Debi A. Wilcox Gillis A. Paterson
City Clerk Director, Corporate Services & Treasurer
DAW : ks
Copy: Chief Administrative Officer
Recommended for the consideration
of Pickering City Council
l
6~_
Thomas J. ui , RDMR, CMM III
Chief Administ ative Officer
CORP0227-07/01 revised
ATTACHMENT#~TO REPORT*
04 Heritage Report ) AL -7-15
Greenwood Schoolhouse
School Section No. 9
3540 Westney Road
Concessin 5, N 1/2 Lot 11
City of Pickering
Lat 43.92700 N; Long 79.06561 W
401 W
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March 2009
Prepared for
Heritage Pickering
by
Shawna Foxton and Gordon Zimmerman, Heritage Pickering
and
John W. Sabean, Heritage Consultant
TABLE OF CONTENTS 0 5
Summary 2
Evaluation 3
Introduction 5
Historical Background 8
Architecture 11
Historical Significance 13
Notes 14
Appendices 17
Appendix 1: Photographs & Drawings 17
Appendix 2: Documents 36
Appendix 3: Maps 61
Appendix 4: Inventory Form 70
Bibliography 73
2
SUMMARY
GREENWOOD SCHOOLHOUSE, School Section No. 9
3540 Westney Road
City of Pickering
Concession 5, N 1/2 Lot 11
Lat 43.92700 N; Long 79.06561 W
Lot History:
Patent: Canada Company, 1832
Ownership Summary:
Canada Company 1832-1839
James G. Demorest 1839-1853
William Darlington 1853-1856
Edward Jackson 1856-1860
Trustees of School Section #9;
District School Board 1860-1980
Town/City of Pickering 1980-present
Present occupants: Pickering Public Library, since 1980
Building data:
Date of building: 1860
Builder: R.T. Manuel
Materials: Red brick from the Samuel Adamson brickyard in Salem
Bell: Purchased from Saint James Cathedral in Toronto.
Installed in 1860
Reasons for designation:
The Greenwood schoolhouse is probably the best preserved of the old one-room
schoolhouses in Pickering. While similar in style to other buildings of its type in the
province it maintains its classical proportions and fine workmanship combined with local
variations and local materials. Restorations have been carried out sympathetically and it
is a landmark for the community.
Historically the schoolhouse has been associated with a number of persons of note,
especially "the Chief', John George Diefenbaker, the13`h Prime Minister of Canada.
3
07
EVALUATION
HISTORICAL
Thematic
Economic: The schoolhouse on Lot 11, Concession 5 was built in 1860 during, and due
to, a period of national economic prosperity fed by the Crimean War and the American
Civil War. Exports of Canada products, especially wheat and lumber, were in high
demand during the 1850s and 1860s, which benefited the farmers, prompting many to
build homes on their properties. The economic boom also prompted the erection of many
public buildings and coincided with the promotion of new functional and substantial
schoolhouses for the townships under the regime of Egerton Ryerson as Superintendent
of Education.
Person/Event
Several persons of note, locally and even nationally, have been associated with this
schoolhouse: Donald Beaton, long time clerk of Pickering Township; Arthur Johnson,
noted area stock breeder and importer; John Williston, newspaper editor and biographer
of Sir Wilfrid Laurier, 7`h Prime Minister of Canada; and especially John George
Diefenbaker, 13`h Prime Minister of Canada.
Local Development
Agricultural / rural: This schoolhouse and property are associated with the colonization of
the area in an agricultural / rural context. Local farmers joined in the profit-sharing of the
economic boom time and used part of that wealth to invest in their children's future.
ARCHITECTURE
Aesthetic Design
The schoolhouse is classical in design in accordance with the educational plans of the era
as established by Superintendent of Education, Egerton Ryerson, and his deputy, J.
George Hodgins. Restorations in 1980 preserved the classical design elements and fine
workmanship of the original.
Functional Design
It is an excellent example of the Victorian-era one-room schoolhouses in Ontario. It
follows a standard plan with variations and using local materials.
Craftsmanship and materials
The schoolhouse is of a local, red pressed brick with beige brick arches over windows
and doors and a beige brick, four course plinth. The bricks came from a brickyard just a
4
08
few miles away in Salem. The classically proportioned wood windows are very finely
detailed, of incredibly delicate muntin bars that all appear to have survived 148 years of
weathering and use.
Designer
The builder was R.T. Manuel, probably following some of the general schoolhouse
designs provided by J. George Hodgins, Deputy Superintendent of Education.
Sympathetic renovations were completed in 1980 by the firm of Lett/Smith of
Peterborough.
ENVIRONMENT
Site
The schoolhouse is prominently sited on the top of the hill above the hamlet of
Greenwood. It is a well-known landmark.
Setting
The schoolhouse is sited close to what was once the crossroads of the 6`h Concession
Road and Sideline 10. Highway 7 now by-passes the hamlet further to the north of the
school, while the old road runs through the hamlet. Sideline 10 is now named Westney
Road (after a prominent local farm family). The schoolhouse maintains the character of
the agricultural / rural surroundings.
Landmark
This building would constitute a familiar building in the community, being highly visible.
5
09
Greenwood Schoolhouse, School Section #9
INTRODUCTION
In 1871, under the Free School Act, all public schools in the Province of Ontario were made free
for all children of school age.' This was an important step in the development of education, but
it took three-quarters of a century to achieve it. The founding fathers were mindful of the need
for a good educational system and as early as 1798 the Executive Council of Upper Canada
recommended the establishment of grammar schools in certain towns, but these were meant to
serve only the privileged few. Even at that it was not until after the passage of the Grammar
Schools Act in 1807 that the first schools were founded.2
A broader measure was achieved under the Common Schools Act of 1816, which enabled local
citizens to build and operate a school under the direction of "discreet trustees." . Where this
occurred the government would contribute £10 towards the teacher's salary. The first school in
Pickering Township to benefit from this provision was a school taught by William Sleigh in
1822.3 This is the earliest documented school in Pickering Township, although tradition says
that schools had been in operation from before the outbreak of the War of 1812.
The educational system in Ontario made a great leap forward when Egerton Ryerson was
appointed Superintendent of Education in 1844. Under his direction a series of school acts
beginning in 1846 gradually eliminated the haphazard inefficient school methods of the past.'
The Act of 1846, which came two years after Ryerson set out to inquire into the province's
educational needs, bound the province to provide free education for all children up to the age of
sixteen.'
In 1844 George Barclay became the first superintendent (or inspector) of schools for Pickering
Township. He reported that Pickering had 15 school districts and 893 pupils (out of 1703
children in the township). Two years later the number of common schools in operation was
reported to be 21.6 This may have been a bit optimistic as reports for 1847, 1849, and 1851
reported only 18 (out of 21) active schools.' The number of school sections fluctuated for a
number of years, but eventually ended with 17 and several union schools-with Whitby,
Uxbridge, and Scarborough-in addition.
The Illustrated Historical Atlas of Ontario County, which appeared in 1877, just after three
quarters of a century of settlement had been completed, provides a good summary of the
development of education in the county (and the country) to that date.8
6
[I]t may be well to put upon record some authentic facts of these olden times, as
described by the few ancients that still connect us with the primeval forest, and to revive
those memories which are fast becoming lost in the multiplied experiences and ever
shifting panorama of these modern days. There are people still living whose memory can
carry them to the time when there was not a school-house in the County of Ontario.
There are many who can recollect when school-houses were few and far between, when
the machinery of education was of the rudest description, and when the highest ambition
of parents was that their children might be able to read and write. There are hundreds
who can remember when the literary attainments of the teacher were gauged by his own
appraisal of them; when an itinerant system of boarding supplemented his scanty wage;
when `healths five fathoms deep' and mighty potations were thought no discredit to him
nor were supposed to obscure his mental vision nor mar his usefulness; when a prime
requisite for success in his work was not so much the ability to impart knowledge as to
inflict innumerable punishments of the most fantastic complexion for the most trifling
offences, and to subdue backwoods, lawlessness to some system of transatlantic
civilization.
In these primitive times the school-house was constructed of logs frequently unhewn, and
it contained but a single room. The furniture was of the rudest description, consisting
chiefly of long pieces of dea [sic], supported by pins inserted in the wall, used for desks,
in front of which extended huge pieces of square timber supported by legs of uneven
length, whose unaccommodating imparity afforded more opportunities to the pupils of
determining the centre of gravity than practising the art of caligraphy [sic]. Utterly blank
were the walls, except indeed where some adventurous youth had carved his name, or
with bold design had traced in carbon the well-known visage of `the master.' Maps,
charts, and all the other triumphs of Caxton's art that now adorn the walls of the humblest
school-house in the land were then unknown, and we doubt not many middle-aged men
and women can recall their first impressions when they beheld, unrolled before their
admiring gaze, a map of this stately planet, which they heard for the first time had been
bowling around the sun for thousands of years. Like many dwelling-houses of the time,
the school-house was heated by means of an immense fire-place, upon whose ample
hearth blazed tremendous logs cut from the adjacent woods-a system that served the
double purpose of heating and ventilation. Of fresh air, indeed, there was no lack, for
after a few years' occupation this building disclosed many holes and crevices through
which wind or rain found an easy entrance, and through which the youngsters, tired with
their unaccustomed toil, might espy the progress of the world without. Tradition tells that
the first stove in any school-house in the county was made from an old potash-kettle, two
accidental holes-one in the bottom and the other in the side-suggesting to some
ingenious patron of learning the stoking-hole and the flue. Turned bottom up and
7
furnished with a chimney, what need to state that it became the admiration of all the
country-side. Rude and destitute of conveniences as these first school-houses were, they
nevertheless cost the early settlers much patient labour and no little self-sacrifice. Often
the burden of completing them fell upon two or three public-spirited men of the section,
and often too, extreme difficulty was experienced in raising sufficient means wherewith
to pay the teacher.
These striking memorials of backwoods times are fast disappearing, and giving place to
elegant and commodious structures which dot the landscape in every direction, and which
are no less the pride than the ornament of the whole country. May they all soon
disappear, and may not antiquarian zeal nor blighting parsimony prevent them being
replaced by school-houses more in accord with the progress of education and the
necessities of the times!
Ryerson may have shaped the educational theory and the curriculum in Ontario, but it was his
deputy superintendent, a former student of Ryerson's, J. George Hodgins, who was the architect
of these "elegant and commodious structures" that began to appear in the 1850s. As Professor
McIlwraith has written:9
If one person can be said to have shaped the landscape of public education in Ontario, it
was J. George Hodgins. As deputy superintendent of education from the 1850s until
1876, deputy minister until 1890, and an inexhaustible promoter of literacy, he presided
over the period when compulsory, free public education took its place as one of the
taken-for-granted aspects of provincial life. Attractive, durable, functional schoolhouses
were the centrepieces of Hodgins's policy. Hundreds are scattered across the province,
readily identified by their hall-like lines, roadside site, shade trees, and dated marker,
frequently with the township name.
The Public School Act of 1846 bound the province to providing free education for all
children up to age sixteen. Buildings were to be designed for the purpose and spread
across the countryside for easy access. Qualified teachers, spinster or bachelor, were to
board inconspicuously in the neighbourhood; they would leave no trace. By 1863 there
were nearly four thousand public schools in Ontario, seven or eight buildings in every
township south of the Precambrian Shield. More than four out of five were wooden.
Hodgins's great hope was that each building would be `the most attractive spot in the
neighbourhood."' His treatise, The School House, opens with more than thirty pages
picturing showy school buildings for the aspiring town or township....
12 8
Changes rapidly followed passage of the Free Schools Act and abolition of fees for
primary schooling in 1871. Three windows on each side became standard, and some
schools had separate entrances for boys and girls. Ventilation flues and raised ceilings
improved air circulation, and interior arrangements and equipment were upgraded...."
Brick or stone country schoolhouses continue to be a highly visible aspect of the general
rebuilding in that era. Some were entirely new; the best of the older ones were
modernized and veneered, and still others were redesigned surplus churches.
Despite this variety of origins, Hodgins worried about `such an uninteresting sameness'
among schoolhouses. 12 He urged that full attention be given to architectural detail.
Cambered, Romanesque, and flat-headed windows all were widely used; end walls
received gothic treatment. Vernacular forces and personal pride were sufficiently strong
that variation on the standard theme occurred naturally.
School grounds also came under Hodgins's scrutiny. The 1876 manual prescribed that
the lot be one acre (0.4 ha), and certainly not less than half an acre, with the building
centred from side to side." The site ought to be planted in species of trees that the
children could study.14 This practice would help re-establish respect after generations of
forest destruction. Sugar maple was popular, and the centrepiece of many an Arbor Day
ceremony in May. Huge, mature specimens continue to shade school sites all over the
province. Paling fences were required, faced on the boys' side of the play yard (boys
pushed harder than girls). A two-seat outhouse was similarly divided down the middle.
A well and pump were mandatory."
It was in this congenial era that the Greenwood schoolhouse-in School Section Number 9-was
built on the north half of Lot 11, Concession 5, in Pickering Township.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
LOT HISTORY
The north half of Lot 11, Concession 5 was one of those lots patented by John Galt's Canada
Company. 16 Galt had made an agreement with the British Government to purchase some 1
million acres (405 000 ha) of land in the Huron Tract and another nearly 1 400 000 acres (567
000 ha) of Crown Reserves in townships that had been surveyed before 1824.17 In Ontario
County more than 60 000 acres (24 300 ha) of Crown Reserves were made available to the
Canada Company at a bargain price of 3s. 6d. per acre. By our count that amounted to 5 800
acres (2 350 ha) in Pickering Township-including this 100-acre (40.5 ha) half lot."
In 1839, the Canada Company sold the 100 acres to James G. Demorest. Demorest already
owned part of Lot 12, Concession 6, where he operated a saw mill. He may have leased all or
part of the land at the beginning, then in the 1840s he began to sell off portions of the acreage.19
In 1852, William Darlington purchased 40 acres (16.2 ha) from Demorest, and four years later
Darlington sold all but an acre and a half (.6 ha) to Edward Jackson.20
Demorest is recorded as having sold a quarter acre of land to the Trustees of School Section
Number 9 in 1855. The date does not accord with his sale of the 40 acres to Darlington, nor is it
clear why the Trustees purchased the quarter acre. The land on which the present school sits (1/4
acre; .1 ha) was purchased by the Trustees from Jackson in 1859-1860, but not recorded in the
Land Registry Office until 1873.21 In time the land was transferred to the District School Board
and on 27 February 1980, the Town of Pickering purchased it from the school board for $2.00.
BUILDING HISTORY
In 1859 the school trustees of Greenwood decided that their little frame school building was
inadequate and that a new, larger, brick schoolhouse should be built in the coming year on an
adjacent 1/4 acre parcel of land.22 It was decided that the new schoolhouse would measure 52' x
34' (about 15.8 x 10.4 m) and as soon as it was built, the old building should be auctioned off.23
The school records from the summer of 1860 indicate that the costs for the new building were as
follows: $49.47 for the land (the school site was extended by 1/4 acre); $1.25 for leveling and
preparing the ground; $1039.00 for the builder; and $29.72 for the general contractor. It is
generally accepted that volunteer labour and donated lumber helped keep costs down.za
The bricks used were fired in Samuel Adamson's brickyard located near the intersection of
Concession 6 Road (Highway #7) and Salem Road near the hamlet of Kinsale. The bell was
acquired from St. James Cathedral in Toronto, transported by boat to Frenchmans Bay and
hauled by a team of oxen to the site. The cost of the bell was $99, which included the delivery as
well as a frame to hang it in.
The average student attendance in the first year was 55 students (highest through the winter
months when children were less obliged to help on the farm). By 1952 the one room was divided
into two classrooms by a curtain so that two teachers could teach the growing number of students
in the post-war years. In 1955 the one room schoolhouse became two rooms with the erection of
a more permanent partition.
The interior of the school contained basic furnishings of the time; two box stoves, one cupboard,
a desk and chair for the teacher and double seats for the students. The blackboards were made of
wood painted black. There was no central heat or running water until 1929 at which time a
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basement was added to house a coal-burning furnace. Washrooms were also installed near the
entrance in 1929 and again in 1943. Hydro was connected in 1946, which ushered in the era of
education under electric lights. The school was closed at the end of the spring term in 1963. On
26 June 1963 the new schoolhouse, appropriately named Valley View Public School, was
officially opened by the Hon. M.B. Dymond, the Ontario Minister of Health and member for the
riding.
On 7 June1957, John Diefenbaker, then the leader of the Federal Conservative Party and soon to
be Prime Minister, visited the school and reminisced about his early memories as a pupil,
including identifying two trees that he and his father and the class had planted in 1899.
Diefenbaker remarked on the occasion: "Schools like this one represent something in our history
that time and events cannot replace or destroy. This type of school, not as modern as the ones we
have today, helped build the character of the pioneer citizens of this country and made Canada
what it is today."
In 1882 the Board of Trustees purchased 39 trees. Presumably this purchase was to have the trees
encircle the schoolhouse property as was common practice in Ontario. Such practice was even
put into regulations including the species and the spacing. Other plantings took place over the
years, especially in connection with Arbor Day celebrations. The Diefenbaker plantings are one
such occurrence. There are two trees and one stump along the northerly property line that may be
the last remainders of the 126-plus-year-old trees from the original planting, or the remnants of
the Diefenbaker era. While trees do not last forever, obviously, some thought should be given to
continuing the practice of Arbor Day plantings.
In the late 1970s a large, modern brick elementary school named "Valley View" was built on the
south side of the property and the one room schoolhouse was eventually boarded up.
Toward the end of the 1970s there was a growing interest expressed in converting the old
schoolhouse into a branch library. The Brougham library down the road had witnessed a drastic
decline in the number of books circulated. This was probably as a result of the 1972 land
expropriation of that community by the Federal government for a proposed international airport.
Many of Brougham's residents had subsequently left the area. Moving the library to Greenwood
appeared to make sense for several reasons:
1. It would provide a more centralized service to the area residents in Brougham, Greenwood
and Kinsale.
2. The library would be next door to a regional school and would provide facilities for the
village.
3. It would allow the restoration of an historic building and provide it with new life, thus
preserving an important part of local history that might otherwise be demolished.
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1
4. It would provide an excellent facility to house and display all the library records (some of
which dated back to 1893) and Canadiana and historical books."
A total of $112 000 was spent on renovations: the Ontario Heritage Foundation provided
$36 000; Wintario $7 500; the Brougham Citizens League $2 000 and The Town of Pickering the
rest.26 The "Old Greenwood School House Library" was officially opened by the Lieutenant-
Governor of Ontario, Pauline McGibbon on 1 June 1980. The first librarian was Edith Morgan,
assisted by Mrs. Mildred McTaggart. Apart from its modern and historical collection it also
served as a showcase for local craftspeople who displayed weaving, pottery, flower arrangements
and other handicrafts on the shelves and in display cases.
ARCHITECTURE
AESTHETIC DESIGN
The classical elements of the design such as the masonry-arched heads of the windows and doors
may have seemed somewhat out-of-date to some in 1860 but they are indicative of what many
considered right for public buildings. Through time, in Upper Canada, there was simply a
transition from the Georgian-Palladian tradition of the early years of colonization to the
Neoclassical superimposed, as here. It is interesting to note that while this schoolhouse was
being planned the melange of historical styles of University College, Toronto was being built,
and that on the first of September 1860 the Prince of Wales laid the cornerstone of the Gothic
Revival style Parliament Buildings in Ottawa. The choice of "styles" figured large in the
deliberations over suitable designs for these buildings.
In 1980 the building was renovated from a dilapidated state to be used as a public library. The
work took every effort to recognize the classical design and fine workmanship of the original.
FUNCTIONAL DESIGN
The Greenwood Schoolhouse is a very good representative example of an Upper Canadian, one-
room schoolhouse from the years in which Ontario was known as Canada West within the
United Provinces.
Its design is standard plan, institutional classical with local variations, especially as to materials
chosen. The plan is axial with central, double entrance doors directly under a name-and-date
stone in the gable. Over that a cupola supports the bell.
Once through the entrance doors one is in a vestibule flanked by service rooms and then
immediately straight ahead into the main room. Although the schoolhouse is now used as a
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municipal branch library, the above-noted sequence has been maintained. The main room is
sunlit through nine beautifully detailed, well-proportioned, six-over-six with semi-circular
arched, wood windows.
The large eight-over-eight with semi-circular arched wood window in the west-facing wall was
inserted as part of the 1980 renovation. It, too, is finely detailed and well proportioned to be in
sympathy with the original nine windows. It also gives a spectacular view out over the Duffins
Creek Valley.
CRAFTSMANSHIP AND MATERIALS
The schoolhouse is of a local, red pressed brick with beige brick arches for windows and doors
and a beige brick, four course plinth. The bricks were laid in common bond.
Records indicate that originally the roofing material was cedar shingles, possibly local. By 1980
the roof was metal sheet roofing. The 1980 renovation returned the roofing to cedar shingles but
with modern roof-peak vents added.
The foundation is of local fieldstones artfully laid up in random coursing.
The classically proportioned wood windows are very finely detailed, of incredibly delicate
muntin bars that all appear to have survived 148 years of weathering and use. Such fine muntins
were traditional in southern Ontario and these fine examples should be maintained. It should be
noted that all windows have wood storm windows that mirror the muntin patterns of the inner
lites. These too should be retained.
Designer
As noted, the schoolhouse was probably built from departmental designs. But the building is a
notable confluence of architectural quality, local materials and meaningful neighbourhood
context.
The classical detailing of the masonry, windows and entrance plus the strict classical proportions
are of a high order for a 19th century rural one-room school. These factors do not make it unique
in Ontario but the fact that the renovations of 1980 took these attributes into account reinforces
the need to recognize them in any maintenance or alterations.
The architectural firm for the 1980 renovations was Lett/Smith from Peterborough, Ontario;
William Lett being the principal in charge.
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HISTORICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Located as it is on Westney Road above the hamlet of Greenwood, this building is a familiar
landmark in the area.
As a schoolhouse the building was erected during that time when Egerton Ryerson and his
assistant, J. George Hodgins, were transforming the school system of Ontario and providing a
new form of schoolhouse that was both attractive and functional.
The period in which the schoolhouse was erected was one of great prosperity in Ontario, fueled
by the need to supply grain first for the far-off Crimean War and later by the much closer Civil
War in the United States. These prosperous years gave a great impetus to the erection of more
substantial houses for farmers and many public buildings.
In the year that the new schoolhouse was opened the teacher was Donald Beaton. Beaton was the
son of Hector Beaton, clerk of the Township of Pickering. Hector Beaton served as clerk from
1849 to 1883, and then was succeeded by his son, Donald, who served as clerk from 1883 to
1944-a total of over 95 years in the office between the father and son.
Arthur Johnston was another teacher at School Section No. 9 in the 1860s. He would later
become a well-known and respected stock breeder and importer.
In the next decade, John Williston spent a year or more as an assistant teacher at Greenwood
school. After Williston left Pickering he pursued a career in journalism. He eventually became
the editor-in-chief of the Toronto Globe (1890-1902). A close friend of Sir Wilfrid Laurier,
Williston became the biographer of the 7`h Prime Minister of Canada (1903). Williston, himself
was later knighted and became Sir John Stephen Williston.27
The Greenwood school's greatest claim to fame is its association with The Chief, John George
Diefenbaker, 13`h Prime Minister of Canada. For two years, 1897-1899, William T. Diefenbaker,
John's father, was the teacher at SS #9. Though not yet of school age, John attended class,
purportedly because his mother found him too much of a handful at home. This was John
Diefenbaker's first experience in education, an experience he remembered fondly in later years.
He returned for visits to the school twice-once with his father in the 1920s and again in 1957
when he was the Conservative leader of the Opposition.
14
Notes:
'Ontario, 34 Victoria, cap 33 (1871).
'Upper Canada, 47 George III, cap 6 (1807).
3Leo A. Johnson, History of the County of Ontario 1615-1875 (Whitby: The Corporation of the
County of Ontario, 1973), p. 155, as cited from Colonial Advocate, 14 August 1828. In the
previous year Pickering had 334 children under 16 years of age, but no school qualified for the
annual grant. William Sleigh, a native of England, immigrated to Upper Canada about the year
1820. In 1824 he purchased Lot 27, Concession 5 from William Baldwin. To that property he
brought his new bride (the wedding was in 1824 as well), Mary Major, a member of the Major
family of Majorville (later renamed Whitevale). In 1825 he served as township clerk. The
Sleighs lived on the south half of the lot, so his school would have been located a little east of
where the Whitevale school (SS #8) was later built. Abstract Index of Deeds; Illustrated
Historical Atlas of the County of Ontario, Ont. (Toronto: J.H. Beers, 1877). p. ix; George Walton,
The City of Toronto and the Home District Commercial Directory and Register. Toronto, 1837;
William R. Wood, Past Years in Pickering (Toronto: Briggs, 1911),p. 294 (Wood mistakenly
locates him on Lot 28).
'A couple of Acts predated Ryerson's appointment: the Acts of 1841 and 1843, Province of
Canada, 4-5 Victoria, cap 18 (1841), and 7 Victoria, cap 19 (1843). The second provided for
local superintendents to prepare reports and distribute money.
'Province of Canada, 9 Victoria, cap 20 (1846).
6W H. Smith, Smith's Canadian Gazetteer (Toronto: H. & W. Rowsell, 1846), p. 82.
'W.H. Smith, Canada: Past, Present and Future (Toronto: Thomas Maclear, 1852), II, 43-44;
[Ryerson] (1851).
'Beers (1877), p. xi.
'Thomas F. Mcllwraith, Looking for Old Ontario: Two Centuries of Landscape Change.
(Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997), pp. 161-162.
10J George Hodgins, The School House: Its Architecture, External and Internal Arrangements
(Toronto: Province of Canada Department of Public Instruction, 1857), iii.
15 1 9
"J. George Hodgins, The School House: Its Architecture, External and Internal Arrangements
(Toronto: Copp, Clark and Company, 1876), 76.
12Hodgins, School House (1876), 10.
13Hodgins, School House (1876), 21.
"Hodgins, School House (1857), 38, 40.
15Hodgins, School House (1876), 21-22.
16 All references to land transactions, unless otherwise noted, are to the Abstract Index to the
Deeds of Pickering Township at the Land Registry Office in Whitby. This lot appears on the
Ridout map of 1823 as a Crown Reserve lot.
"Johnson (1973), p. 68.
"Johnson (1973), p. 351. Johnson says that the 60 000 acres represented 1/7 of all of Ontario
County (excepting Rama Township and the Kings College endowment). In Pickering it was
much less, by about 1/2.
19Walton's Directory (1837) shows only one name in connection with the Lot 11: Samuel
Somerville. Somerville, however, is associated with the 100 acre south 1/2 of Lot 11, which he
purchased in 1852. George Brown, Brown's Toronto City and Home District Directory 1846-
1847 (Toronto: George Brown, 1846), lists 5 people on the lot: Edward McHenry, Guy Pollock,
Charles Ward and John Weir, in addition to Somerville. Ward and Weir both purchased land
from Demorest. Demorest's name is associated with Lot 11 in Henry Rowsell, Rowsell's City of
Toronto and County of York Directoryfor 1850-1 (Toronto: Henry Rowsell, 1850)-along with
5 others (including Somerville).
"Information from the Assessment Rolls from 1853 to 1860 fills in where the Abstract Indexes
are incomplete or unclear.
"Minute Book of the Trustees of School Section No. 9.
"Minute Book of the Trustees of School Section No. 9, 22 March 1859.
"It was sold to Vere McCann for $37. He moved it across the road to his farm where it was used
for years as a dwelling.
16
20
14Much of the detailed history that follows comes from Mrs. Irven McLean and Beatrice
McLean, Greenwood Through the Years (Greenwood: Greenwood Farm Forum, 1960), p. 6.
"Peggy Malcolm, "Greenwood Library Service in Pickering", as found in the Tweedsmuir
History of Greenwood-Kinsale.
26Jim Thomas, "Greenwood School Now a New Library", as found in the Tweedsmuir History of
Greenwood-Kinsale.
21 On Williston see The Canadian Encylopedia, 4:2309 and 2:1287. Williston also wrote
Reminiscences (1916) about his own life.
17
APPENDIX 1: Photographs & Drawings
K t
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5
Archival photograph of the Greenwood Schoolhouse, School
Section #9. Note that a rear door had not yet been added as in
the photograph below from c 1960.
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Greenwood Schoolhouse, c1960
McLean, Greenwood Through the Years, 1960, p. 8.
2 2
1s
a
yam, f. fist= / fs
t
"Old Greenwood Schoolhouse"
Ink and wash drawing by Sheila Masters
The schoolhouse as it would have looked in. 1860.
r
-Ark.
I y i E
11 r►
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AD. 1Skl
i
Greenwood Schoolhouse
Pen and ink drawing by Norah Geraghty
19
23
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wo also
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5 aae, w ° x 2bA'n <2755 So'm , ~•,zu~ ',n,zs
a ,z a y $.a~. $ '~azasgmi ~7 +o~~ t"`5~
s ¢ara~ f -.,xy Er , : ?e8a+" tf/ a z.Ln ,s - s yyk ^ s
Lett/Smith, 1978
2 4 20
Sr"out srCTI M
Datestone
South Elevation
Irr `k" S.- its
5.; East
Door e
now
_son
Window
Detail Nos
Photographs by John W. Sabean and Gordon Zimmerman, 2008
21
2.5
Avg
se
will
F I "IM-6
~i
West Elevation
r
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son
P-5 M
Exterior Interior
West Window Detail
Photographs by John W. Sabean and Gordon Zimmerman, 2008
2 6 22
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Bell Cote
Y- t^r._-
t t N _ j t
Library Interior
Photographs by John W. Sabean, 2008
23
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~ x 4~Fh
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East Elevation South Door
Elk
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d x°~
e
r
From the West
Photographs by Gordon Zimmerman, 2009
24
2.8
r 1 Ti
SOUTH EAST
y
llu
WEST
NORTH
EXISTING ELEVATIONS
Lett/Smith, 1978
25
29
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PROPOSED WEST ELEVATION
Lett/Smith, 1978
26
30
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177 ( c«x MMC7V
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INTERIOR ELEVk- T ON
LOOKING 1. F: C
Lett/Smith, 1978
27
31
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BASEMENT MAIN FL(R)R
EXISTING FLOOR PLANS
Lett/Smith, 1978
28
32
UrCHENY M...
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LIBRARY VENFIDULF.
= A".A cvc
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NON~"ICTdJY 3 AIE:LCS H'Mi ~ `IGILTFS EASY RL10Efri )sF,Y£.5t9r
6(Y Wu~a~
PROPOSED FLOOR PLAN
Lett/Smith, 1978
29
33
School
,tea 2 .522 :
ssy s 3'3 x$.rdt s $1 cv' z y~ I s x
Section
. Q / `may ~Rx a` Lid 5 ?as Hs'a
No
YS sn gy{{;F2
R: ~i
Class of 1895 a
96 a
Back Row: Bert Harris, Lyman Gleason, Vina Clarke, Carrie Harrison, William G. Ward (teacher), Evelyn Thompson,
Maggie Teefy, , Art Meen,
2nd Row: Bruce Meen, Mae Ledgett, Eunice Harris, Teefy, Ethel Thompson, Edith Madden,
Mabel Harrison, , Levi Gleason, , Frank Ledgett.
3rd Row: Olive Madden, Annie Meen, Annie Ward, Edith Law, Ethel Meen, Mildred Harrison,
Gert Gibson, Robert Thompson, Lon Ledgett, Wes Green,
Front Row: Ethel Wilson, Mae Milson, Kate Thompson, Winnie Harris, _ Teefy, Sam Cochrane, Wilbert Gleason,
George Camack.
~ zr-ri e a u, _ w <
•S
^N K A { t
5
AAA,
Class of 1899
Back Row: George Law, Bill Emerson, Lew Disney, Roy Carlton, Lon Ledgett, Wes Green, Charlie Johnston, Walter
Carlton, Fred Brown, Roy Conner, William T. Diefenbaker (teacher).
2nd Row: Edith Sanderson, Vilolet Keeler, Ethel Wilson, Millie Harrison, Annie Meen, Mabel Harrison, Gertie
Gibson, Mabel Lynde, Edith Law, Kate Sadler, May Wilson.
3rd Row: Mrs. S. Carlton & Gladys, Sam Sadler, Les Devitt, Fred Sanderson, Leslie Byers, Stanley Disney, Roy
Hicks, Stanley Carlton, Frank Lynde, Etta Sanderson, Teenie Trimble.
4th Row: Fred Byers, Ken Devitt, Norman Wilson, Joe Carlton, William Sadler, William Law, John Diefenbaker,
Maggie Maguire, George Johnston, Florence Trimble, Agnes Byers, Minnie Gleeson, Lorne Law.
Front Row: Marie White, Bert Lynde, May Brown, Luella Lynde, Myrtle Wilson, Ethel Stewart, Fronie Gleeson.
3 4 30
who s
£f 3
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d. 1
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Sa~W W. k ) 5 W " .oA. "k~b h b Rh A ,X
School 94
Section
No. 9
k
Class of 1901
Back Row: Fred Brown, Fred Byers, William Sadler, Stanley Carlton, Archie McDonald, Luella Lynde, May Brown,
May Wilson, Ethel Wilson, Kate Sadler, Fronie Gleeson, Ethel Stewart, Edith Law, Frances Williams,
Winnie Lynde, Mabel Lynde, Roy Carlton, Wilbur Gleeson, Lew Disney
Middle Row: J.E. Disney (trustee), Percy Williams, Willie Lynde, Willis Conner, Fred Dolphin, Stan Disney, Bruce
Conner, Leslie Byers, George Johnston, William E. Eadie (teacher), Sam Sadler, Les Devitt,
Rosy McDonald, Albert Lynde, Frank Lynde, Walter Bayles, Roy Conner
Front Row: Flora Trimble, William Brown, Lorne Law, Willie Law, Gladys and Ernie
Trimble, Agnes Byers, Minnie Gleeson, Nelson Eadie, Ken Devitt, Walter Hoffland, Joe Carlton
y
S Y 2
r.
-AN
z E
Class of 1909
Back Row: Norval Willson, William Brown, Stanley Byers, Kenneth Devitt, Frank McGrotty, Earle McLean, Stewart
Allen, Archie Parinder, Wesley Sadler, Robert B. Hinman (teacher)
Second Row: Ella Conner, Mabel Pallister, Gladys Trimble, Clive Proctor, Walter Parinder, John Parinder, Clarence
Pengelly, Oscar Conner, Ambrose Conner
Third Row: Jessie Gilhuly, Phyllis Proctor, Teenie Starring, Mabel McGrotty, Gwen Devitt, Jessie Beelby, Margaret
Gibson, May Gibson, Dorothy McGrotty, Eva McLean, Vera Johnson
Front Row: Carl Devitt, Eric Allen, Ian Allen, Randal Brown, Earl Betts, Orval Conner, Gordon Pengelly, Lloyd
Wilson, Ernie Trimble
31
3 5
$2~ . ~di92t
WdYO L'?3a9 mac' 6,ffiY2kR2 FSp,Y~ ~ '
$5 hh A tE.
School
Section
#rX<dgiyF Six t. ~,'g' 82 [
No. J n z n y S MNx
Class of 1914-15
Back Row: Effie Adamson, Edith Widdifield, Ernie Trimble, Muriel Pengelly, Miss Jenny Pilkey, Mary Gibson,
Gordon Pengelly, Jessie Beelby, Edna Middleton, Ella Badgero, Vera Johnson, , Mr. Tink (teacher),
Orville Connor
Middle Row: , Alice Middleton, Frank Burt, Grant Widdifield, George Pegg, Mabel Burt, Ross Tindall, Earl
Betts, Randall Brown, George Burt, Cecil Denny, Everett Tindall
Front Row: _ Tink, Doris Gee, Muriel Widdifield, _ Tink, Margaret Gee, Essie Pegg, Herbert
Middleton, Ida Brown, Alice Pegg
• ~r?~ a-~ ~~~~~r
r S> y~FS' ~ 'h s &'isSX':~SK'` t~~3t¢b BxK~ ~ 4xs`M~ R xRJ.
kg~u
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ffi.,x~ 6 i :x ze,33Fsdzk ;R
M. a
sx ; z«~ q~~ ztr`£ a'm59t - - ~e~cg? _
bmn
4ki
Class of 1922
Back Row: Velma Fraser, Irene Hutchison, Margaret Gee, Mabel Bie, Rose Broadbent, Miss Kathleen Webster
(teacher), Edna Green, Helen Chesher, Alice Pegg, Madge Broadbent, Isabel Oatway
Second Row: Roxena Ledgett, Olive Kinnear, Margaret Bayles, Viola Oliver, Marie Devitt, Ruth Annis, Leotta Smith,
Mildred Corbett, Mildred Pegg, Reva Davis
Third Row: Zorah Gee, Geraldine Oatway, Margaret Oatway, Mildred Mantell
Front Row: Ross Disney, William Clark, Edgerton Pegg, Arthur Kirkham, Robert Smith, Robert Kinnear, George
Wilson, Vernon Disney, Elmo Disney
32
^'5Y
ism: Ha'rom b.t4.?'a 'mk~~E.k
,ao-,~.,«cvw ~ 2 oYt.r
w.n+et ~ g ~ 5 ~
School 3x X Rpp y~
Section
No. 9
Class of 1926
Back Row: Zora Gee, Olive Kinnear, Ruth Annis, Evelyn Clarke, Mildred Mantell, Reva Davis, Miss Lillian
Plewman, Ellen Ravey, Madge Broadbent, Dora Havercroft, James Ravey, Elmo Disney, Edgerton Pegg
Middle Row: Gertrude Corbett, Reta Flynn, Franies Mantell, Laura Ormerod, Roxena Ledgett, Jean Ledgett,
Mildred Corbett, Mildred Pegg, Alice Kirkham, Ellen Kinnear, Erie Davis, Dorothy Clark, Phyllis Clark
Front Row: Lorne Annis, Reg Clarke, Arthur Kirkham, William Havercroft, Ross Disney, William Clark, Rolland
Pope, Robert Kinnear, Robert Ravey, Gordon Priest
3s
v w ~k
WIN
,R x3,'w. ~aaf^
3 ~ ~ z
"~'rw~ahrxw,
Class of 1930
Back Row: Marion Brandon (teacher), Cecil Walls, Reg Clarke, Robert Kinnear, Ruth Annis, Mildred Gibson, Phyllis
Gardiner, Edna Harris, Laura Ormerod, Erie Davis, Dorothy Clark, Reta Flynn
Second Row: Grace Tink, Dorothy Disney, Phyllis Clark, Mercedes Mantle, , Clara Walls, Marjorie Byers,
Lois Byers, Muriel Clarke, Vanessa Walls, Lois Mantell
Third Row: Robert Tink, Howard Ormerod, Harold Short, Lorne Annis, Elva Middleton, Frances Mantell, Ellen
Kinnear, Gertrude Corbett, Marjorie Riseley
Front Row: Allan Short, Lelie Wilson, Fred Lewis, Roy Walls
33
37
n w w~'
y
s £
.4 W
School 1, ~A~
Section A
No. 9
Class of 1934^
Back Row: James Kinnear, John Gibson, Ivy Maguire, Muriel Clarke, Jean Linton, Miss Isabel Rutledge (teacher),
Connie Hedge, Leslie Wilson, William Gibson, Roy Walls, Robert Gibson, Allan Short, William Devitt
Middle Row: Marjorie Riseley, Verna Woodward, Dorothy Harlock, Phyllis Gardiner, Lois Byers, Marjorie
Byers, Florence Barry, Eileen Sadler, Helen Devitt, Vanessa Walls, Bud Riseley
Front Row: Milton Walls, Harold Clarke, Gerald Clarke, Murray Ormerod, Allan Woodward, Ross Walls, Alan Clark,
Ernie Sadler, Vernon Short
9 ^H L
13P'~ ^k~ Tj
y b
6by+
s
Class of 1943
Back Row: William Brown, Milton Campbell, John Devitt, Miss Edith Stewart (teacher), James McLean, Norris
Athill, Charles Minaker
Front Row: David Hayward, Glenna Minaker, Thomas Athill, Allan Pascoe, Kathy McArthur, Jean Pascoe, Rodd
McArthur; Ronald Clarke
3 8 34
u
y ~z
r.
1 4_ y s - s\ 0,
School 2 wS~ T
k337' K AC 25 ~u-.:
Section
s
No. 9
X ~ s 'y
Class of 1952-53 6~ S K
Back Row: Ina Robertson, Caroline Webb, Patsy Wardell, Ivan Titterton, Alan Pascoe, John Griften, Jerry Stachow
(teacher), Edna Green, Ron Webb, Neil Pascoe, Reta Mason, June Tweedie
Second Row: Greta Hicks, Carol Maxwell, Marion Titterton, Janice Clarke, Sharon Blake, Hazel Clausen, Gail
Disney, Beth Hill, Verna Clausen, Lyn Jackman, Bonnie Moore, Wanda Moore, Shirley Gardiner, Sharon
Clarke
Third Row: Barbara Hicks, Bernard Togerson, Raymond Brickel, Gary Titterton, Doug Webb, Steven Jackman,
Harold Titterton, David Robertson, Ken Robertson, Raymond LaFontaine, Robert McTaggart, Nancy
Wardell, Marg-Ann Togerson, Carol Blake
Fourth Row: William Hicks, Wayne Elson, Robert Blake, Gary Disney, Fred Brickel, George Tweedie, Ted DeGeer,
Grant Pascoe, Ken McTaggart, Curt LaFontaine, Wayne Moore
2 - R~ - 2 yy fr¢.
c, ' o
oyr~ '
U
a
~5 4,
=1 ~ ~ 3
Class of 1960
Back Row: Gary Titterton, Doug Webb, Doha Barlow, Bonnic Moore, Bonnic Gardiner, Sharon Blake, Shirley
Keller, Robert Clarke, Edward Henning, John Moore
Second Row: John Ruiter, Ronnie Staley, Ken Gardiner, Brian McTaggart, Ron Titterton, Rosemary Scriver,
Elizabeth Ruiter, Marian Titterton, Jill Copely, Kathy Wilson
Third Row: Miss Elva Stearman (teacher), Lloyd Morden, Lloyd Henning, Virginia Elson, Heather Keller, Judy
Copely, Judy Moore, Joan Gardiner, Karen Clarke, Philip Berms, Michael Benns, Bruce Rodgers, Mrs.
Mildred Eastwood (teacher)
Fourth Row: Brenda Middleton, Janice Blake, Marilyn Hamm, Herb Middleton, Brian Clarke, Sylvia Scriver, Joe
Berms, James Blake, William Thomas, David Henning, Carol Scriver, Janice Skinner, Debbie Fisher,
Barbara Hamm, Linda Eastwood, Linda Thomas
Front Row: Bridget Clarke, Brian Brooks, Doug Berms, Larry Morden, Stephen Campbell, Derek Jones, Wayne
Brooks
39
35
f
3 , .e . A V
i f I
4
t:
77
IN-
Official Portrait of the Right Honourable John G. Diefenbaker
Oil on canvas by Cleve Horne, 1968.
Collection: Government of Canada
4 0 36
APPENDIX 2: Documents
i
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67
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ell
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H~ ~ ~,~;<..,y K F/,"ti'".• > rl''. ~ ,~w ~,..'~r i.•F ,3<.;a ,Z^~•:~~ ~ '.4""FS,..:
s>
Minutes of the Trustees of School Section No. 9
Receipts for 1858
4 1 37
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Minutes of the Trustees of School Section No. 9
Expenditures for 1858
38
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Opt G'lc-tom 4Y~" ~ / ~ e~C%GlL ~c.~.. p`u- J c. L/
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Minutes of the Trustees of School Section No. 9 for 22 March 1859
Motions regarding the building of a new schoolhouse and the purchase of land for the new
building
4 3 39
F
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2-
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Minutes of the Trustees of School Section No. 9
Receipts for 1859
4 4 40
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+j..'~ ~A''S: •F' a'~^~""Y L>.^'.,4~Y,_•~..°'i~'.- Yad <ea,Cac. aY,ea ~e~_,,~•'i 1,- l°~ ii"^ b3 `•z.~>'_. 3°~,° 8-.~^ 8.9 _,a` '"j,<.
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Minutes of the Trustees of School Section No. 9 for 1860
Regarding the hiring of Donald Beaton as teacher at a salary of $320 per year
41
Fl:ES.tS, ~ ~
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Minutes of the Trustees of School Section No. 9 for 1860
Regarding the hiring of Donald Beaton as teacher at a salary of £90 per year
4 6 42
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Minutes of the Trustees of School Section No. 9
Receipts for 1860
4 7 43
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Minutes of the Trustees of School Section No. 9 for 11 January 1860
Motions to make the school a free school, and to sell the old schoolhouse
4 8 44
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Minutes of the Trustees of School Section No. 9
Assessment for 1860 (page 1)
49
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Minutes of the Trustees of School Section No. 9
Assessment for 1860 (page 2)
5 46
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Minutes of the Trustees of School Section No. 9
Assessment for 1860 (page 3)
47
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Minutes of the Trustees of School Section No. 9
Accounts for 1899. Teacher: William Diefenbaker
r l 48
'c"7'i 3 x ti x
S
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Minutes of the Trustees of School Section No. 9
Accounts for 1900. Teacher: William Diefenbaker
5 3 49
SCHOOL SECTION NO.. f
Total amount of Trustees' requisition • $ <!7J..U. 7J..
In Uxr•x Scion proportion required by Assessor's Award to be levied in Municipality
of
Township School Nate (S... ft, P.b k Sd-l Ac $,~>>~a: ~~l. .
Amount to be levied
Total valuation of Section, $ Rate, $ ZX 4IWe4 Amount raised,
N. Ox N- CW'. LOT. Accts. Asims= VACut. exnu x7'.
Ro
~ot~r.«a F~~7, 6 f• 9 /6v f'aao 1/2 JD
J- J-- F So /200 r•' 300
/j , BCG. Zu - J - J J'o / 3 0 7 Lr 38
,9 ¢t lcG . Qn~i C- G/ / / 4 3' J 7 ~iy+
2 0 C, 427
tea.,, a v .s - J- f / r Sa 700 .7 /7J-
/i 3
Y 38
b~u.c.>G lv~s• r U~.. S. 8 97 Poe,
-Y/2079
X. kro /goo
Ca.. /1. ~/P G f. i Coo 7 /Jb I
/00 4- F-0 0
.VS.tr~.7X Cf/• - ~ .r / J- /0 0 ~,t-o O o li /o vD
t(- 101 1154 140 3 &00
9 fy
3• £~.4..,.. 6 f / Goo.. / do
~ cal.-. ~/u.~.~ 6 J.• /i / o o ~
eft Gcrr'= < c. o S f. 7 So / ~o 0 7 3 Jo
goo Y 2ov
-Y 38
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y%J-av
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,Q, t e.t -,C. JA 4r 9 160 2 ,Soo 6 s S"
;~Gt~ko .z ~~f f a , ~.z, tf- Ef / f .3 F / 7 0 0
17a a/
174 0 7x-
School Section No. 9
School Assessment Rates for 1898 (page 1)
5 4 so
T SCHOOL. SECTION NO.... f &68
Total amount of Trustees requisition
In Union sedimt proportion, 'required by Assessor's Award to be levied in Municipality
ot..... $
Township School Rate ts.o o, P wk 7w Aat • . • $ .
Amount to be levied
Total valuation o! section, $ Rate, Amount raised,
Nm oz NA-s. - Co.. Lor. Ac... AMS4au VALux. Amocxt'.
Bncr.
1744f f~7s-
•a.kaw J- '41re. rr Alt /9J-0 lr
/ o¢a C 6 S. /6/00 S<Soo Y/2tw
/0 y/tz 4600 7 2r~ S" Sn..s /7,r 2 410 0 ( 6 JO
.Cam /T. pry >n.et tp! /o / P40 o -1/ /'IJ-
4041. /90 O -Y LIOYI
//moo J-
D
/U ~o Yr+y.woL( ~G's . 9.♦ L✓. .j S. !G .2 S` / o o o
X 7d- 0,0 c>
,911 /,('o Y 38
d-0 o
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/00
8u~a~~ 2ut., cz.,.,., 6 J: y 2 ~o o y J c
to S s rp /S'v S"8o o //H JD
~nYoa.9t Fe"~2 G J rr S-o l' /3
fT~e~ q c.oC.r C cm~ S ~1. . r3 S i / 0 0 o -Y JO
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41- /
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J- A3
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1.6
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l7C7 c~ s 322, 6/2227, 3oX74.
.i
School Section No. 9
School Assessment Rates for 1898 (page 2)
55 51
SCHOOL, SECTION N-O..
Total amount of Trustees' requisition • . • . • • • . • $ " . • "
In Union Sections proportion required by Assessor's Award to be levied in Municipality
of
Township School Rate (Sea. 43, YubGc School dCf • • • • • • • .
Amount to be levied . .
Rate, $ Amount raised,
Total valuation of Section, . • • . •
No. os k~m s. Cos. Lo7. ACRRS• ASSESSZD <ALUR. AuoavT.
ROLL.
/~-rs^Ie ~+r~-..' ~~/esvff•~sr1 ,3Grf7/111
Sao
! LU,, S . o t3 S`o `y $8
/ l~(lcwd. ~r.~ G S ii r 30 0 -r ~s^
Lr1eaT.-.u 77a_
School Section No. 9
School Assessment Rates for 1898 (page 3)
5 6 52
SCHOOL. SECTION NO..
Total amount of Trustees' requisition
In Unioi Sisiiass proportion required by Assessor's Award to be levied in Municipality
! of
Township School Rate is.w rb. watc sa t ea - A f.-O, I 'd.
Amount to be levied $..3.:4Q?.-
Total Ituation of Section, f.~.9H.'f.0.• =ra Rata .'1,wf A f rn' J* Amount raised. $ 8•/.
No. ON ! 'iwra. CON. LW. Ac... efiassw Vero.. A....,
,tort
tl
V7 -7~1
VJIf
- A ?t J- 'r 1260
VA
z~rti J /J- Jo 700/yv
/00 V ;,7
o° c~
.7 QQ. f' J io /oa afro o v/3 a/
/ ,da e~~, Gtr^ ~s .47 /goo 11L, Y8
si V
/do t~ d-O o IA? ,yf
:~v,.f-~ /'r~v~ /c,, `/v o 3 80 0 ✓/i7 da
` y
I, ~p,•r",-<-.-~./.~..- .st-r..ti G / O 6 d p 1/ / G3
2,./ ~ae J- /7 zf $oo V 2/J
hu.-9 . / 99.2 ✓7 ro
7 d- 360o
V9)G
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-7.
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00. go 0 Ala
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School Section No. 9
School Assessment Rates for 1899 (page 1)
5 7 53
L~Ff SCHOOL SECTION NO...,'~...
Total amount of Trwtta' requisition .
In Union &e imsr proportion required by - Assesm s Award to be levied - in Municipality
of
Township School Rate ts«.%%ursde AW
Amount to be levied
Total valuation of Section,-$ Rate, Amount raised.
Rai. NAPA. Co.. IAT. ACAai. AssassaD VALUA. AYOD VT.
jT o
/0 9/ i f~G o
.d ~ya sc.l~o~w d- 7J' 2 Go o ~~G.l~!
Vf+;3H v
7,r- 20 a 0
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A Pity( . J- /d'./G 2,0 0, X00 0
p i//G 9~y f
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Jo 0 o ~Ho v
2. 2.0 0 V
/o /00 S S' 0 0 V/'3O/J
J ✓ fit d
'ld. kf F/ e" 9 % o o 2 0 0 0 al" +21~
f~~C•t::ce:r .g<.-sv.,~ G. 6 6 a z g 0 0 , 7s 9-✓
31 /no o
~ys...,... J` l ~ ~ / d` a ✓ it i~
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9 9
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' :tats
School Section No. 9
School Assessment Rates for 1899 (page 2)
54
SCHOOL SECTION NO...X.....
Total amount of Trustees' requisition
In Umioa Srdions proportion requited by Asseasot's Award to be levied in Municipality
of S. .,•r
5.............
Townsbip School Rate rsw.re.tvtu~s~aoott~r
Amount to be levied $
gate, • • • • • • • Amount raised, -
Total valuation of Section, ,
No, ON N,mt. Cow. LOT. Acsas. ASSM&D VAWt. AYOUN r.
RoLt-
ao Vlas,
24
~::J~ e3~~T6Jz9~2o 3S ors
4 ~y
School Section No. 9
School Assessment Rates for 1899 (page 3)
55
is y / 4C)SCHOOL SECTION NO.....~..
Total amount of Trustees' requisition • • • . • • • ' • ' $ .4 4
In Uniar &rliawr proportion required by Assessor's Award to be levied in Municipality
of..... .
.
Township ScbooI Rare tS.. 6b, Nblu s~t AW '
Amount to be levied $.tl:
C' sad.....
Total valuation of Sectioq $.3. r/4.f4S ~..f~ Rate, S ~2•~~^~~d'~6` Amount ralaed,
f- No. 9~. t'I~alt C.S. LAT. Us- 136tu.. VAt.U. Aso-,
"o /G _
J~t//1~'°~w.- 111a^^• ~,7 J , / / ~i"' O O.o /6 GO
/00
79
}/3 A~ A, J- `t!o /200 J /Y 4S
~,Q~Gtrf J- 6 t3a /moo rsf6
/c T 9 T~.~ Lu.~ J - X1 37 J-
4-14 '7 J" to cr t c fyw r~a " _w a 78
273
t799
G /~O- 4.7 702
00
17
49 /ao a boo J P;1 0.2 71-1
y 2 f~.~.~.•.... ~ of c.r.C_. a - ~ 1 i4 8 0 0 3 J2 '
~ Z g.C....._.."--- ~tc~.aaf. s-~~ ~ •,.~.Y ' 99~ /s-s"° Boa-
/ P 70 813 &0
✓/3/9
rT~•«-•- c-~~S° J - fY LC/ ~y~y. / G / [t o~ ✓ ~9 s g
J" /2 30 /a o o / ~yo
J'0 0
„~rra-tt.~ 6 ? 6 Jb 2 0 0 o J 740
y 6yo
t~.~~k Pier G ~3 Cc 1776
Al
/7 Y 2 G o o J /O 1u
S y
/an,w~ r~ G
School Section No. 9
School Assessment Rates for 1900 (page 1)
6 0 56
1 J'3
19" SCHOOL. SECTION NO.-.6
Total amount of T'rustees' requisition
In uxiox Satioxr proportion required by Autism's Award to be levied in Municipality
of -
Township School Rate (s«. se, P-bae sdwet Am) $ .
Amount to be levied
' Rat Amount raised,
~otai valuation of Seaton, $ , 0. $ •
Naha Nawa I Cox. LOT. Acaas Auasexo Vat.oc auoom
42 /SJo ✓7" ✓
4 St o o / 8.72 ✓
y 0 Ca w~- L ' 6 /G 166
/]9L1 ✓
17J" 2Gao /O/y ✓
Cro e:..iG.. S-" A-k,t A. /yo 0 7/~! ✓
40,
V
//•/i 7J 2 600 7-1
ut t fl * s~j~ e J l i3 If J._O 0 ~ 9S ✓
.5`40 V
/60
4 So o /4`]4 V
~Zlf rr~ Gt~Cs s• G /0 /100
90 ✓
/0 00
/000 390V
/33 3$-, 00 12/IS V
2 0 0 0 ] 8o V
/00
J~ / /tom s9~
,r- /,0 gx/, COO 0 147,r,9 L
~~2cty. - r r< J_ 5 /490 'IS-0 0 /-3./.S-
30 r
V
0 117
400
1 J-4 A-*'
3/ 0 0
tj~u~~q~a~- I/ 2 2J" 8
g-
"1h X xq?
~;,r-e .Z~,~.t...+a G.. f--„1•~.~, J-' f /6 /z ~l- t1"o o v f9 so l/
9 s-ice
LcJe~.., 2Li, «-k S- Fr S o 2 S-a C>
School Section No. 9
School Assessment Rates for 1900 (page 2)
61 57
SCHOOL SECTION NO.............
Total amount of. Trustees' requisition
In Uniax Sedions proportion required by Assessor's Award 4o be levied in Municipality
of
Township School Rate 1s.r,a, walksa-t Ant
Amount to be levied !
Total Ysluation or section, $ Rate, -Amount raised,
f-Na N,~„e, Lbn. Lor. Ac U. Au1099n VALCe. AYOUN,
33S3+~wf2,y17J" 18823
Ewti~ Iraq 70 a cod J70
Gt/ P, tr J ~4
J Ssty{,~~/28~J a 0~79
School Section No. 9
School Assessment Rates for 1900 (page 3)
6 2 58
R E C O L L E C T I O N S
O F
G R E E N W O O D
In September 1897, Father started to teach in Greenwood
School.... Times were hard but not desperate. A look
at the minutes of the school trustee meetings indicates
that the very small salary paid to Father was often long
overdue (firewood being supplied on occasion as part of
the salary). Sometimes credit for the purchase of groceries
would be provided at the local store by resolution of, the
school board. There were, however, many things to sustain
us in the more difficult period of our life. In our home
in Greenwood, and in all our subsequent homes, Bible reading
and family prayer were daily and rewarding experiences.
No meal was ever begun until grace had been said. On
Sundays we went to church and Sunday School at Uxbridge.
Although I was only four, I was allowed to go to school
in Greenwood; before starting I knew how to read, having
learned in order to understand the thermometer on page one
of the Globe, which gave the 'Weather forecast each day.
Our home in Greenwood had a tremendous growth of lilacs in
the yard and was most attractive every spring. There was
a hill by our house. It must have been a quarter of a mile
long with a very sharp gradient. In winter, older boys went
down it on double-decked sleds. I thought I could do this
too. Down I went. All at once there loomed in front of
me a team of horses pulling a milk car. I passed between
their front and hind legs, scraping the top of my head on
the cart tongue. Had I raised my head, I could have been
decapitated: Another recollection is that we children
were very frightened of a most distinguished man, the
greatest criminal lawyer of his time, T.C. Robinette. He
came out on Sundays to visit his wife to be, bliss Green.
We were very frightened of him because we had heard that
he defended men who had killed others. We thought he must
be very wicked to do this. When, many years later, 1 was`
honoured by being called to the.bar of Upper Canada, his
son, the distinguished counsel J.J. Robinette, Q.C., was
Treasurer of the Upper Canada Law Society.
I have always thought of Greenwood as one of the most
beautiful areas in Ontario, and so strongly did I feel that
1 could not but take strong objection to the Government of
Canada taking over the fine agricultural land and magnificent
old homes in the Greenwood area for a new airport. The face
of this countryside deserves to remain unspoiled.
"Diefenbaker: "One Canada"
"The Crusading Years".
The Right H oura_~-
Jahn a er, P.C., C.H., M.P.
)
Dated this " e day of 1976.
Letter from The Right Honourable John G. Diefenbaker
20 July 1976
0 3 59
Wednesday August 22, 1979
lref School t become e Library
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The four year old boy sat in the one room school, in t;h4irpersoo, Gwen Mowbrxy, states that funding
the tillage of Greenwood the Township of Pickering, will be provided through grants, Plakeriag Township
and attentivehy listened to his father teach the classes. will provide $78,000, and the Ontario Heritage Foun-
lt was here, that the first groundings of knowledge that dation will provide $30,000,
was to lead to the late John Diefenbaker, through a The whole plats binges on the willingness of the Dur-
tumulous career of politics, to the ptiemersMp of Can- ham Public School Board to part with the one room
ada, and on further to a position of revetence and ador- school house for d nominal stimn
atiou unknown in Canada's modern history. According to one Trustee there should be no problem.
The wards have all been said about the great Cana• in attaining this settlement, providing the Library
dian, probably the greatest in our times, and he has Board are willing to commence restoration right away.
gone to rest. The school still stands, alblet it is a neg- The cracks in the outer brick work bear a mute
lected shelf, that has not resounded from the vioicca of testimony to the claim of the Schoo Berard that the
humans f«r many years. school is falling, apart, and many of the parents who
This may all change. The Pickering Library Board is have children attendi.ng the adjoining school are con,
planning to restore the buildin4, and make it into a corned,
library. The grant from the Foundatiot. fund comes through
The cost of restoration of the 119 year old building the claim that the little red school now qualifies becaust
Al be approximately 5108,000, according to the esti- >f the Diefcnbaker involvement and a plaque should
tees of the Board now be placed on the school,
Newspaper Clipping from the Tweedsmuir History of Greenwood
(Note: picture is reversed)
6 4 60
~fiz gown of ia4zzinY ~a9fle ...fix-t a-zy .23oa7
CoItc flatly invilts you to LXtun
tAt G7#tning o t4s O tzEnLVoo Scgoot tJ'j+ uar LiU"Lp.%y
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- izute.na.nt- ouz%no% of Ontatio
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~7zrz#gonv 284-0623
BY ay 27, .1980
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6S 61
APPENDIX 3: Maps
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Tremaine's Map of the County of Ontario, Upper Canada
1860
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Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Ontario
1877
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Atlas of Ontario County, Province of Ontario (Goad)
1895
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Guidal Landowners' Map of Pickering Township
1917
(Note: the schoolhouse is shown on the wrong side of the road.)
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1943
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Topographic Map
1964
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Map of Pickering Township: Centennial Souvenir (Smith)
1967
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1978
7 70
&Atsge Pickering Invento .
D~t±a at Imvaatoty NOC `-oob - FEFUM 2009
Persom(s) Compkang inventory ubuq > 51&Nk MTN.. C40Pr^ VAMERMA
TI N: 35 EbTtAli R4A)
fl>~. ity7 tF}
x db W
"coneessio~x I,ot' S LOT 1; LAS d3 91,1 L~. OCo~d
Village T w. i Vd 3t~l } a mmc, Ml To Wt6T V- Rom)
DESCRIPTION:
,I'~ge~. ~denri~eut~on SVum~Ter ~P;~}
;'C~dr~ In~:e~~ry ~~~S3sxr~rk Bu4ldacr~.~Clj; .:a •
ASSOCIATIONS.
W. T. 17MWr i8AMR , leader & Ri5 w) )OW , 1:E F Iii AKic cry !c
~ O~~L.RS • ~,eN. ,grl3'~oh pmpo~al .
A7'1 OF N TIMON:
'tnwu bGO~ Ri 1N1 WAL 1984 ALTEAUU 11o l1L VURCNAtLC s` :
.:Arcbit® tl 3n a t& l F, I. W s3Q, !gbO w LM SMV , i,Ts K3 .r ,CL +t :ILL LIL Ai tiT CT
HF,RrrAGE IN o xA~[ON:
cr 81 ,
CLA {C L D,LUNAI D ~ itlak A.G• IKo M ut.+T
I}eslgu/Sfyte,;
ArCha cal _ _ .
Not~+~~
ks , ' 'cfOR4~,°~D'RI 1..AFTLR: Ctt~~T1JGTIJ1 i~tt5
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E OF BUILDING:
tC 1L: 'oN>w . > c ~l G4i' LF C!1? iw mol~ Tt~I Tim wali 014Tv;10 wm CAND,M ~U~ s~f :1A?IT~,`:71iE.
1~I31Ii:1 T~KOUiNC S ...P 1 f 1S1 G MOVA1 AD IN 198 TO fit- LAY-D A5 h
MWING AN' `
~torcyu 6 aft. .
Grr "I'LL Ci61Gt3ACm MOM
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1f, lIWS ` 5..~yS-O^~LG!T 11 A Nt0pav;f tp~~Ctl1'/•~ n: ~>tQ WWI .._TL. Jt `4'~'•.: tf~t~•v,~ LM M
J.►r!1 f LT. ~.1tlLrA'(3'1 il1'.q~iT} ' VPt 1.Y4~i4j..
SUBSTRUCTURE:
Saset~a+t z r F,taDaM tUCf,L F4Lii3tAi
Ca 41 ' L>r S _ :.::~4t1 VJlbif a K~Ct~N51~.U • 1 C J 'R1« l Ft~KCS1 G 1 i9 t3 . .
WALL STRUCruRE.
ri+ a,ur, y' gnLit 6R1C3~. N1A9otJR1' 4I E is Y£° , t ocx- RZ.C7 l~Rli;K. f~uC i IR
Guadtmn C10U
'75 71
Heritage Pickering - Inventory Farm Page 2
BUILDING ENVELOPE:
y;M3~ fz~1WiC) t~ r, k•` ; 6L° i ~ ` ik a Cfais MIN, 5T0,X,'W,(70D,AMLT AI~
1,1iMfil
Couclidaa ~ ~D - R1 1~3(Jw"rIimlb 1t3 f9ba f, '"imb
Roof
'I`~pe ~ Y4'~.?U l`~a~h~ €r i=~r~~~" `<".:~A~►ter~ r15PFt,~L.T ~:-Ht'~~L£..g;'~l~'4~t, FtA~~lt~'~
Condition 4~ iZEh€~11Jt ~11iC AT.'T1 A Eh4F1{ V-06
PORCHES & STAIRS:
~i:R IC Pkllxp: 't~:i~l,
MTt I(~ - =rc?~'x`~~T~ov, ~,FPL~CM ti~~~T R~E~Ft T! Y EN,t 1005 Willi A, CN
1 N l4.EF t{... AM ,~y 5 J U~M1 i~ VlvIILI ~ljll~w a) two, or S~f~Pa~ ~40 1~~S~FuL F w~ F [%tL. .if V.. PG
WALL OPENINGS
Wft~dacys wwD - s O'xR Ce ~ 1 ` A P ;wurCl.D
t
~~EIS• 'J"(: Clii3 ~tj u~/ 6TOk?,~ l!4"1sM6 AM CAVT-NAL 60M.16
Coudwou
W •tZ pl t 1 tJ1 5Y B111: UU T W, Tat;,19W :RIrt;U
NOTABLE FEATURES:
Exterior 'IhnG`!~L mi K Interior -CAI 4 AL Y WVJV15
t/['p1,1U 1 k1 it iit.:ly y411 iii V MN~ 4VVJ''TT Y,~tkJTx. w
t" ~3? Wtv.a~-oi'iY Vd;gvow
,00V, t.im & ?Fitt? , T~FA,IL'FL? Lt ATltA IikTm5
t!
ALTERATIONS:
TUL REU VAT°tONS E 19 ? W1rF MIMI7 Tt bLiiraTMATRUIL 15: P06S45Li~ TO T'iW (31K1C,fbfA; 11kr
TWWCV~ bo1w,114L MUZ1?M t- NL iZ'31SwRlm £r AlL110%$4 M STUIMI'1 1f' IM5 A£F.VI IM, Vi LLE Y :
OTHER BUILDINGS:
DAM
Shed der.
.
LANDSCAPE
[MAERF ..15.::1~IQT.431Nf~. Rl~iJ,AR4~bBL: 4501 T -m LA1+Jai:AP v"4 0I' T"f, mqm1 L l RCr`~, : PL C, BUT E11: ObT
5.1 . 'RMF.z..YUE; PLAIMt cr ..SO..LAy' .[YEQ_APP1A1 To f~Tlf t : O1J In 140x v PRopf,7\11, ;.wu.
LANDMARK VALUE:
B1<L 1 A...ESOT WtS T1~Y XAIFPL v~ b ~ aFt -pRt3F G7`OU w t; QFT~&,uD CLAa,"CAM' 11J5P1RM M-
Ix'00w1 5C40004outL Mom, T,ME6• 11 16 F,Tu w 1TA micilloL LOCAMN 11'.1 ~p,;.I.IIwom
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
ITY), tmmxTi11 TO }M TMT CLASKAL'i1WIPMON t?EMA-11,11), . T4E. 1,4VfA N 1;(Mi CA`"Jt1 A fAri .kAt}~G~~
IMIT T.l1R,OU~1~01)? THtti POullcA`•..1.`~ lum131.tLtw if LAm ni ,V s or- ViCTi 0V~ A'#, V114t4 ALtM:VAT OTTAWA`6
CANAC31A2~ A1tC`r11T°r T::JP<T..
T}1RECT4t71i7 P%,
PHO IQGRAPKS:
Ieceat•(1t114) SrL. kl `vJF~; ArchivalT. LkCAL Et15TE?1{ 0,5f::1I
SOURCES:
Beiri Atlas 1877 hli, t
'~t {1970.
H~[n~u\g~ix1Sfitansberry.~(1994)
`e~1.JY~Kt(y l.~ ~Y``t{7 L? JL~ A~~ _
7 6 72
M POW
77
73
BIBLIOGRAPHY
MANUSCRIPTS
Abstract Index to Deeds, Land Registry Office, Whitby, and Ontario Archives (OA).
Census Records, 1851, 1861, 1871, 1881, 1891, 1901.
Lett/Smith. Preliminary Report on Restoration of old Greenwood schoolhouse. Pickering
Public Library Board, 1978.
Minutes of the Pickering Township Council, 1811-1876. OA: MS 281(1).
Minutes of the Trustees of School Section No. 9
Pickering Township: Account Book, 1851ff. PMV.
Pickering Township: Assessment Rolls. OA: F 1864.
Pickering Township: Index to Land Patents. OA: RG 53-56.
Pickering Township: School Inspectors Reports. OA
Pickering Township Papers. OA: MS 658, Reels 394 and 395.
Secretary's and Accounting Book of School Section No. 9
BOOKS
Beers, J.H. Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Ontario, Ont. Toronto: J.H.
Beers, 1877.
Brown, George. Brown's Toronto City and Home District Directory 1846-1847. Toronto:
George Brown, 1846
Farewell, J.E. County of Ontario. Whitby: Gazette-Chronicle Press, 1907.
74
Greenwald, Michelle. The Historical Complexities of Pickering, Markham, Scarborough,
and Uxbridge. North Pickering Community Development Project and Ontario Ministry of
Treasury, Economics and Intergovernmental Affairs, 1973.
Hodgins, J. George. The School House: Its Architecture, External and Internal
Arrangements. Toronto: Province of Canada Department of Public Instruction, 1857.
Hodgins, J. George. The School House: Its Architecture, External and Internal
Arrangements. Toronto: Copp, Clark and Company, 1876
Johnson, Leo A. History of the County of Ontario 1615-1875. Whitby: The Corporation
of the County of Ontario, 1973.
McIlwraith, Thomas F. Looking for Old Ontario: Two Centuries of Landscape Change.
Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1997.
McLean, Mrs. Irven. Greenwood Through the Years. Greenwood: The Greenwood Farm
Forum, 1960.
McKay, William A. The Pickering Story. Pickering: Township of Pickering Historical
Society, 1961.
Richardson, A.H., and A.S.L. Barnes. Rouge, Dujfin, Highland, Petticoat Valley
Conservation Report. Toronto: Ontario Department of Planning and Development, 1956.
Rowsell, Henry. Rowsell's City of Toronto and County of York Directory for 1850-1.
Toronto: Henry Rowsell, 1850.
[Ryerson, Egerton]. Annual Report of the Normal, Model and Common Schools in Upper
Canada for the Year 1850. Toronto: Lovell and Gibson, 1851.
Sabean, John W. Time Present and Time Past: A Pictorial History of Pickering.
Pickering: Altona Editions, 2000.
Smith, W.H. Smith's Canadian Gazetteer. Toronto: H. & W. Rowsell, 1846.
Smith, W.H. Canada: Past, Present and Future. Toronto: Thomas Maclear, 1852.
79
75
Walton, George. The City of Toronto and the Home District Commercial Directory and
Register. Toronto: T. Dalton and W.J. Coates, 1837.
Wood, William R. Past Years in Pickering. Toronto: Briggs, 1911.
MAPS:
Goad, Charles E. Atlas of Ontario County, Province of Ontario. Toronto: Chas. E. Goad,
1895.
Guidal Landowners' Map of Pickering Township. Map and Advertising Co., 1917.
Ridout, Thomas. Pickering Township Map. 1823. PAO: A.23.
Smith, George. Map of Pickering Township: Centennial Souvenir. Pickering: Pickering
Township Historical Society, 1967.
Tremaine, George C. Tremaine's Map of the County of Ontario, Upper Canada. Drawn
by John Schier. Toronto: George C. Tremaine, 1860.
Other Sources:
Tweedsmuir History of Greenwood-Kinsale.