HomeMy WebLinkAboutPD 39-06
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REPORT TO
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
Report Number: PD 39-06
Date: June 26, 2006
From:
Neil Carroll
Director, Planning & Development
Subject:
Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan (Growth Management Study - Phase 3)
- Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines, Interim Report, June 2006
Revised Work Program
Recommendation:
1. That Council RECEIVE Report PD 39-06 respecting the City's Sustainable
Neighbourhood Plan, which includes the Sustainable Neighbourhood Design
Guidelines, Interim Report, June 2006, prepared by Dillon Consulting Limited,
et ai, as set out in Appendix I to Report PD 39-06;
2. That Council RECEIVE and ENDORSE the revised Work Plan on the
Pickering - FCM Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines, June 13, 2006,
adapting the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design - Neighbourhood
Developments (LEED-ND) framework to the Pickering planning and development
context, as set out in Appendix II to Report PO 39-06; and
3. That Council ENDORSE the following staff actions to:
(a) continue developing and refining the Sustainable Neighbourhood Design
Guidelines (SND Guidelines), with the assistance of Dillon Consulting Limited
et ai, in accordance with the revised work plan;
(b) develop the SND Guidelines to apply to all development in Pickering;
(c) use the SND Guidelines, once adopted, as a foundation for developing the
sustainability performance measures required by the Central Pickering
Development Plan;
(d) review municipal planning and development documents, from the Pickering
Official Plan to detailed engineering and construction standards, to determine
sections requiring modifications to align with and implement the SND
Guidelines;
(e) investigate the potential for district energy production in Pickering, with known
operators and local utilities; and
(f) contact the Canadian Green Building Council, TRCA, and others to
collaborate on the development of a Canadian equivalent of LEED-ND; and
4. Forward a copy of this Report to Council to the Federation of Canadian
Municipalities, ROC Group, Canada Green Building Council, the Minister of
Municipal Affairs and Housing, the Director of the North Pickering Land
Exchange Team, the Region of Durham and the Toronto and Region
Conservation Authority.
Report PO 39-06
Date: June 26, 2006
Ci3 r;
Subject: Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan
(Growth Management Study Phase 3)
Page 2
Executive Summary: The Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan (SNP) is one of
several related initiatives the City has launched about sustainability.
The purpose of the SNP is to prepare Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines
containing measurable performance targets for assessing neighbourhood development
in Pickering. The intent is that all new development will meet, or exceed, a defined
minimum level of sustainability.
Dillon Consulting Limited, et ai, who is assisting staff on this project, has prepared an
Interim Report on Pickering's Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines (see
Appendix I). The Report provides an update on the status of the project, including the
results of completed steps, the development of a framework for the guidelines, and the
steps to complete the project. A revised work program, reflecting the need to move the
project to being Pickering-specific rather than generic is also provided (see Appendix II).
As work continues, it is important that Council endorse key aspects of the proposed
approach, implementation and actions to continue this important work, as set out in the
recommendation section of this Report.
Financial Implications: No new funding implications as a result of adopting the
recommendations of this report.
The total budget for the Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan (SNP) is $241,000. Half of
the funding ($120,500) is from a grant from the Federation of Canadian Municipalities
(FCM) Green Enabling Fund. The City is contributing the remaining half of the funds
($110,000 from Growth Management Study Phase 3, continuing studies reserve,
account 2611-2392; and $10,500 from 2005 new consultative expenditure - Growth
Management Study Phase 3, Sustainable Development Plan, account 2611-2392).
As of the end of April 2006, approximately $105,000 remains for this project.
Background:
1.0 PickerinÇl is involved in a number of initiatives about sustainabilitv.
The Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan (SNP) is one of a number of
interconnected initiatives and actions the City has undertaken respecting
sustainability. Others include: the City's Benchmarking for Sustainability
Committee; the Partners in Climate Protection (PCP) project; Council's
comments on the Central Pickering Development Plan requesting the inclusion of
sustainability measures; and a similar request for the inclusion of an integrated
set of sustainability measures in Seaton in the Report of the Seaton Community
Net Benefits Committee.
3>1
t! /
Report PO 39-06
Date: June 26, 2006
Subject: Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan
(Growth Management Study Phase 3)
Page 3
Reports on Benchmarking and PCP initiatives are also being prepared for
Council's consideration. The approved Provincial Central Pickering Development
Plan requires that the City prepare performance measures and benchmarks for
specified development attributes. The intent is that the benchmarks will playa
role in monitoring the success of the Plan in achieving sustainability.
2.0 The Sustainable NeiÇlhbourhood Plan
2.1 This project originated with the Growth Management Study.
In February 2003, Council retained Dillon Consulting Limited, et ai, to complete
the City's Growth Management Study (GMS). Phase 3 of that Study was the
preparation of detailed Neighbourhood Plans and Design Guidelines for the first
phase of development. The Guidelines were to provide strategies for
development that defined the creation of quality communities as well as allowing
for market flexibility in Central Pickering.
In 2004 the City, with the assistance of a local environmental consulting
company, ROC Group, made a grant application to the Federation of Canadian
Municipalities (FCM) under the Green Municipal Enabling Fund. A revised work
program for Phase 3 of the City's GMS was put forward as one of the projects for
funding. Phase 3 was refocused to require completion of a Sustainable
Neighbourhood Plan (SNP). Sustainability principles, guidelines and strategies
to be developed for Central Pickering were to serve as a template for other future
neighbourhood planning throughout Pickering. A significant part of the work
program was modeling the benefits of implementing sustainable development.
Following notice that its grant application was successful, City Council, in
February 2005, confirmed the continued use of Dillon Consulting Limited to
undertake the SNP (GMS, Phase 3), as set out in the work program.
2.2 A Revised Work Plan (June 2006) has been submitted for endorsement.
As work progressed on the SNP over the last year, it became apparent that the
stakeholders were very aware of the importance of planning and developing in a
sustainable manner. Staff identified the need to refocus the SNP from
demonstrating the merits of sustainable development for a generic
neighbourhood ("why we should do it") to defining specifically what sustainable
neighbourhood development means for Pickering ("what we should do").
The revised purpose of the SNP is to prepare guidelines for assessing
neighbourhood development in Pickering, with the overall goal of ensuring all
new development meets, or exceeds, a defined minimum level of sustainability.
The revised work plan is provided for Council's endorsement as Appendix II. It is
also recommended that the Report be forwarded to FCM for information.
Report PO 39-06
Date: June 26, 2006
038
Subject: Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan
(Growth Management Study Phase 3)
Page 4
2.3 An Interim Report on the SNP has been submitted for information.
An Interim Report has been prepared, entitled Sustainable Neighbourhood
Design Guidelines, Interim Report, June 2006 (see Appendix I). This Report is
being forwarded to Council for information.
The main sections of the Report address the following:
· Introduction: including project background, rationale for sustainability, and
consultation - Stakeholder Workshop #1
· Literature and Best Practices Review: examining 10 case studies of the best
practices in sustainable community development;
· Neiqhbourhood Desiqn Guidelines: presenting the purpose, identifying and
testing the LEED-ND (Leadership in Energy and Environmental
Design - Neighbourhood Developments) framework - Stakeholder Workshop
#2, other consultation meetings, and providing sample strategies and targets;
· Implementation: committing to identify the proposed implementation
approach for each strategy; and
· Next Steps: completing the draft optional strategies and targets, critical
review by City staff of required and optional strategies and targets, conducting
focus group meetings and a public meeting, and preparing the Final Report.
Extracts from the LEED-ND Draft Guidelines, a Summary of Workshop #2, as
well as work in progress on Pickering strategies and targets are attached to the
Interim Report for reference.
The LEED-ND framework is being adapted to create a Pickering specific
approach. The LEED-ND framework establishes measurable targets for both
prerequisite and optional strategies to achieve a point-based sustainability rating.
Additional points are obtained by including more optional strategies and by
meeting higher targets. Projects can then be rated as certified, silver, gold or
platinum. A Figure is provided on Attachment #1 to conceptually illustrate the
combination of required and optional measures to achieve different rating levels.
2.4 Several key steps remain to be completed.
A staff team has been formed and is currently reviewing the working drafts of the
required strategies and the targets for Pickering. Once completed, staff will also
review working drafts of the optional strategies and targets. Subsequently, public
and stakeholder consultation will occur.
Implementation approaches will be considered as an integral part of the
refinement of the strategies and targets. A Final Report containing the proposed
Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines will be prepared and forwarded to
Council in October.
(} 3 .~eport PO 39-06
Date: June 26, 2006
Subject: Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan
(Growth Management Study Phase 3)
Page 5
3.0 Discussion
3.1 A critical review of draft "required" guidelines is underway by staff.
Staff is currently reviewing the draft "required" guidelines and performance
measures. We are strongly convinced of the merits of defining the sustainability
attributes for Pickering. However, critical review of the draft guidelines is still
required by staff prior to going forward with stakeholder consultation.
Outstanding issues to be addressed through Departmental review include:
· Eliminating overlapping/similar strategies;
· Confirming/revising draft strategies and targets;
. Clarifying language;
· Including Pickering specific examples;
· Incorporating the concept of community evolution into guidelines;
· Considering reorganizing to match strategies with different parts of the
planning and development review processes (e.g.: separating the strategies
and targets that would be used in evaluating an official plan amendment
application from those used for a draft plan of subdivision from those used for
a zoning by-law amendment or site plan application or building permit
application or engineering submission, etc.);
· Establishing, if necessary, different strategies and targets for infill
development, greenfield development in South Pickering, greenfield
development in Seaton, and rural development;
· Considering the need to differentiate between the private realm and the public
realm, or between the different service providers that contribute to a
neighbourhood (such as private sector, City, Region, school boards, and
Provincial Ministries).
3.2 Council is requested to endorse a number of key actions to continue this
important work.
Staff supports and continues to recommend adapting the draft LEED-ND
framework. As noted earlier, this framework identifies required strategies and
targets, as well as a range of optional strategies and targets that different
developers and builders can select from, to achieve a defined sustainability level.
The framework was tested during the day-long Workshop #2 with a wide range of
stakeholders. A consensus was reached to move forward with the LEED-ND
framework.
Report PO 39-06
Date: June 26, 2006
I.·: l1iJ
_ f \.
Subject: Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan
(Growth Management Study Phase 3)
Page 6
Staff recommends the Guidelines apply to all new development in Pickering.
However, in developing and refining the strategies and targets, consideration
needs to be given to whether development in different locations (infill, greenfield,
or rural), require different strategies or targets.
On a related matter, staff recommends the Sustainable Neighbourhood Design
Guidelines, once adopted, form the basis for developing the sustainability
benchmarks required for Seaton under the Central Pickering Development Plan.
The large area of Seaton likely offers some unique opportunities for
sustainability, including such matters as a district energy supply. Staff
recommends discussions be initiated with known district energy operators and
utility providers regarding the potential for district energy.
Dillon, on behalf of the City, has contacted the Canada Green Building Council
(the organization that administers the LEED programs in Canada) regarding the
City's SNP forming the basis for the Canadian version of LEED-ND. The Council
was interested in this potential. Staff supports this concept, and recommends a
meeting be set, including other partners such as the Toronto and Region
Conservation Authority, to collaborate on the development of a Canadian
equivalent of LEED-ND.
Staff recognizes that this project is much more that just a set of guidelines - it is
a new way of undertaking the planning and development of the City. The SNP
Guidelines and their overall objective of achieving sustainable communities must
be integrated corporately in the City's plans, policies, standards, and processes.
Accordingly, staff recommends that a review of all plans to determine where
changes are required to implement the SNP Guidelines, and report back to
Council. Part of the implementation policies will address the establishment of an
appropriate monitoring program.
This review of plans, policies and standards will be in the context of the existing
legislative framework, as well as the emerging legislative changes that are
anticipated with the approval of Bill 51 (Planning Act changes). Policies
recommended will be forwarded to fit the legislative framework, as well as
Council's leadership in this area.
Many of the attributes important to sustainable neighbourhoods are delivered by
agencies and governments other than the City. The role of staff will change to
include significant effort in coordinating the delivery of these other services and
facilities at the appropriate time. A collaborative approach is important to build
success for sustainability with agencies, other levels of governments and the
development industry. Pilot projects, and tests of certain targets may be
essential to showcase improvements and monitor successes (or identify
unanticipated effects).
Report PO 39-06
Date: June 26, 2006
Ü 41 Subject: Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan
(Growth Management Study Phase 3)
Page 7
APPENDICES:
Appendix I: City of Pickering Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan: Sustainable
Neighbourhood Design Guidelines, Interim Report, June 2006.
Appendix II: Pickering FCM Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines, Revised
Work Plan, June 13, 2006.
Attachment:
1. Figure 1: Illustration of Framework Combining Prerequisite and Optional
Performance Measures to Achieve Different Sustainability Ratings.
Prepared By:
Approved I Endorsed By:
~ì
Nei~
Director, Planning & Development
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Catherine Rose, MCIP, RPP
Manager, Policy
CR:jf
Attachments
Copy: Chief Administrative Officer
Division Head, Corporate Projects & Policy
Benchmarking for Sustainability Committee
Recommended for the consideration of
Pickering Ci Co ;' ¡ ,
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APPENDIX I TO
REPORT PD 39-06
City of Pickering Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan
Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines
Interim Report, June 2006
Ü43
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City of Pickering Sustainable NeighbourllOod Plan
SNP Interim Report - June 2006
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('!44
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................... 1
1.1 Project Background........................................................... ................. ................... 1
1.1.1 Rationale for Sustainability ........................................................................ 1
1.2 Format of Report.................. ......................................................................... ........4
1.3 Study Process................................................................ .............. .........................5
1.4 Consultation......................................................................... ............ .......... ...........5
2.0 LITERATURE AND BEST PRACTICES REViEW........................................................... 6
3.0 N EIG HBOU RHOOD DESIG N GU I DELlN ES.................................................................... 8
3.1 Purpose of the Guidelines ..................................................................................... 8
3.2 Development of the Guidelines ............................................................................. 8
3.2.1 LEED-ND (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design -
Neighbourhood Developments)..... ............................ ................................ 8
3.2.2 Stakeholder Input into the Development of the Guidelines from
Workshop #2 .......................................................... ........................ ........... 9
3.2.3 Target Setting.......................................................................................... 10
3.3 Pickering Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines.................................. 13
4.0 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GUiDELINES................................................................... 13
4.1 Proposed Implementation Framework ................................................................13
4.1.1 Required Guidelines and Performance Measures................................... 13
4.1.2 Enhanced Strategies and Targets - Point System .................................. 15
5.0 NEXT STEPS .............................. ................ ...................................... .............. ................ 16
Table 1.1
Table 3.1
Table 3.2
Figure 1.1
Figure 1.2
Figure 1.3
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
LIST OF TABLES
Differences between Conventional and Sustainable Design................................. 3
Examples of Targets and Proposed Implementation for Required Strategies .... 12
Examples of Targets and Proposed Implementation for Optional Strategies...... 14
LIST OF FIGURES
The Balance of Environment, Society and Economics in a Sustainable
Commu nity ............................................................................................................ 2
Components of Sustainable Communities ............................................................ 2
Process for Developing Sustainable Neighbourhood Development Guidelines.... 5
LIST OF APPENDICES
Best Practices Report
Extracts from the LEED-ND Document
Summary of Stakeholder Input
Dillon Consulting Limited
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City of Pickering Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan
SNP Interim Report - June 2006
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1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background
In 2005, the City of Pickering commenced the Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan (SNP)
Project with the assistance of the Green Municipal Enabling Fund. The City and its
partners recognized the need to provide a solid foundation for future development and
to provide the leadership, guidance and support required to make Pickering a
sustainable city. This SNP project is being run in parallel with the Partners for Climate
Protection (PCP) program and is a part of the Sustainable Pickering initiative. Other
sustainability initiatives in Pickering include establishing benchmarking standards for
sustainability and Sustainable Downtown.
The City is committed to balancing economic, social and environmental objectives to
achieve a desirable and sustainable community. Through the SNP, sustainability
principles and strategies with measurable criteria will be developed as the basis for
Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines for future development in Pickering.
The objectives of the SNP are to:
1. Identify a new approach to development;
2. Establish a practical set of guidelines for sustainable community design that will
be applied throughout Pickering; and
3. Work collaboratively with municipal staff, developers, residents, energy
providers, businesses and others to create a far reaching, innovative guideline.
The SNP incorporates an integrated approach to community design To develop the
Guidelines, sustainable design measures will be assessed to reduce environmental
impact, and to achieve socially and economically viable neighbourhood designs with
respect to transportation choices, energy supply, building envelope design, HVAC
(Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning), stormwater management, naturalized
landscaping, solid waste management, site design, street patterns, arrangement of lots,
blocks and uses, and community evolution.
1.1.1 Rationale for Sustainability
What are sustainable communities?
Sustainable communities reduce the impact of the built form on the environment while
ensuring the long-term economic durability and social cohesion of the community. In
other words, economic, social and environmental needs are balanced in the community
(Figure 1.1).
Dillon Consulting Limited
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City of Pickering Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan
SNP Interim Report - June 2006
Efficient USl' <If
Energy &
Resources
Environnlelltal
Reduced
Potable
Water Use
Storm water
Infiltration
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Transpor "tion
Efficiency
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Ener!!v
. .
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Figure 1.1
Development
The Balance of Environment, Society and Economics in a Sustainable Community
Although there are many components to a sustainable community they can generally be
divided into 3 categories: community design, natural environment protection and
building design and construction. Note that with respect to community design, the word
'community' is used as a broad term that encompasses a range of scales from
neighbourhood to site. Examples of components of sustainable communities are
displayed in Figure 1.2.
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Figure 1.2 Components of Sustainable Communities
Dillon Consulting Limited Page 2
Ü47
City of Pickering Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan
SNP Interim Report-June 2006
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Why are sustainable communities important?
Canadian urban and suburban jurisdictions are being increasingly confronted by
deteriorating conditions due to a wide range of factors related to environmental, social
and economic issues. Some of these issues include: increased automobile
dependency and increased traffic congestion (which affects the economy, society and
the environment); sprawling communities result in higher infrastructure costs; fewer
walkable neighbourhoods; contaminated air, water and soil; and pressure on energy
and other non-renewable resources. Conventional design guidelines for new
developments tend not to include performance targets related to environmental issues,
such as air quality and water and energy use. To respond to these deteriorating
conditions sustainable communities can provide the following components:
· Safe and liveable neighbourhoods;
· Healthier living environments;
· Compact connected mixed use community structure;
· Local employment opportunities;
· Support for a high level of community interaction;
· Support for socially inclusive and diverse communities;
· Reduced costs for heating and cooling;
· Reduced costs for maintaining infrastructure;
· Reduced greenhouse gas emissions and ground level ozone;
· Improved natural hydrologic cycle;
· Reduced potable water use; and
· Reduced waste generation.
Some examples of how sustainable community design differs from conventional design
are presented in Table 1.1.
Urban Desi n
· Looped/disconnected street
systems
· Discourages walking and cycling
· Segregated uses
· Less flexible for future
intensification
· Connected street system
· Design for walking and cycling
Connected residential areas with
shopping and neighbourhood
amenities
· Accommodate future intensification
along major routes
Stormwater
Minimal infiltration
Storm sewer system
Constructed wetlands
Increased infiltration
· Permeable pavers
· Green roof
· Exfiltration trenches
· Rains out disconnection
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SNP Interim Report-June 2006
C48
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Buildin Oesi n
· Building orientation maximizes
frontage
· Ontario Building Code & Model
National Energy Code for Buildings
minimum requirements
· The following are voluntary:
· Energy star appliances
· High efficiency furnaces,
heat pumps and water
heaters
· Smart Meters
Water Efficienc
· No restrictions on water use
· Some monetary incentives
· Water efficient fixtures & appliances
(low flow showerheads and toilets,
front loading washers)
1.2 Format of Report
· Building orientation considers
passive and active solar
opportunities
· Increased insulation, fenestration
(windows) and ventilation
performance
· The following could be mandatory
instead of voluntary:
· Energy Star Standards
· Energy Star appliances
· High efficiency furnaces,
heat pumps and water
heaters
· Encourage green energy
sources
· Encoura e district ener
· Further requirements for efficient
fixtures & appliances (dual flush
toilets, composting toilets)
· Recycled rainwater for irrigation
· Naturalized landscaping
· Restrict use of potable water for
irrigation purposes
· Commercial buildings: waterless
urinals
This report is presented in five main sections. Section 1, the introduction, provides an
overview of the context, purpose and process of the SNP project as well as general
background information on sustainable communities. The second section provides a
summary of a literature and best practices review that was conducted to obtain
examples of elements of existing or planned sustainable communities. Section 3
provides a summary of the development of Pickering-specific Sustainable
Neighbourhood Design Guidelines. The fourth section summarizes the proposed
process to implement the Guidelines and Section 5 provides an overview of the next
steps in the development of the sustainable neighbourhood plan.
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SNP Interim Report - June 2006
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1.3 Study Process
A general overview of the study process is shown in Figure 1.3. The development of
the Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines for Pickering was initiated by
establishing the objectives of the project. Background information on sustainable
neighbourhoods was then collected. A best practices report, describing case studies on
sustainable community design, was prepared from this review of the literature. A list of
objectives and strategies for sustainable neighbourhoods was then created and the
framework for the development guidelines was created. Next, Pickering-specific
targets for sustainability were developed and the process for implementation of the
Guidelines was identified.
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-Best practices
reVIew
-Raise awareness on
benefits of sustainable
design
-Develop "made for
Pickering" guidelines
-Set targets for
required and optional
strategies
-Identify tools for
implementation
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-Identify and meet with
stakeholders
- Develop list of
measures
Figure 1.3 Process for Developing Sustainable Neighbourhood Development
Guidelines
1.4 Consultation
The study process included public and stakeholder consultation. Two workshops with
invited stakeholders were held, as well as an open house for the public at the Pickering
Town Centre. In addition, technical team meetings are planned to review and discuss
proposed targets for the Guidelines.
The first workshop was held in June 2005. The purpose of this workshop was to
introduce the project to stakeholders and to obtain their feedback on key issues.
Workshop #2 was held in March 2006 to obtain feedback on the proposed framework
for the Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines. The purpose for and results
from Workshop #2 are discussed in more detail in Section 3.2.2. The open house was
held in May 2006 to introduce the project to the general public. This open house was
held in conjunction with other components of the Sustainable Pickering program,
including the Partners for Climate Protection project.
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SNP Interim Report - June 2006
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2.0 LITERATURE AND BEST PRACTICES REVIEW
The process for determining appropriate design measures for Pickering began with a
review of best practices in the GT A, as well as cutting edge 'green' development
activities in municipalities across Canada. A Best Practices Overview report was
prepared that provided a description of ten innovative projects undertaken by
municipalities and developers to implement sustainability goals. This report is attached
in Appendix A and the following is an overview of the report.
The projects described in the report reflect the best current, leading edge initiatives as
identified by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), the Federation of
Canadian Municipalities (FCM) and the Dillon Consulting project team. The report
provides an overview of seven municipalities currently implementing or developing
innovative guidelines for their communities to encourage development that reduces
environmental impact. In addition, three case studies on innovative builders and
developers that are voluntarily incorporating green development measures in new
developments are included.
The requirement for green performance measures and environmental guidelines is a
fairly recent trend in Canadian planning policies. In western Canada, Calgary and
Vancouver have adopted green building guidelines. In July 2004 Vancouver adopted
LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) Gold as its standard for all
new city buildings (the first municipality in Canada to do so). Calgary requires that new
public buildings in excess of 500m2 attain LEED Silver certification. In central and
eastern Canada, municipalities have yet to adopt green development standards,
although several guidelines have been developed for specific areas, generally through
the adoption of Secondary Plans. In some areas, developers and/or builders are
voluntarily working with municipalities and environmental agencies to explore ways of
incorporating green development measures.
The ten projects described in the Best Practices Overview include:
· Sustainable City Project, Vaughan;
· Sherwood Survey Secondary Plan, Eco- Tech Village, Milton;
· North Oakville Secondary Plan, Oakville;
· Plan of Subdivision, Stickwood Walker Property, Town of Newmarket;
· Drake Landing Solar Community, Okotoks;
· Southeast False Creek, Vancouver;
· East Clayton, Vancouver;
· Marshall Homes, Copperfield, Oshawa;
Jeffrey Homes, The Birches, Whitby; and
· Windmill Developments, Dockside Green, Victoria.
The following is a summary of some of the sustainable community elements from three
of these projects. The first two examples are included because they represent large
scale comprehensive projects with a variety of approaches to sustainability. The third
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example, although a smaller scale development, is included because it is a local
example from Durham Region.
Dockside Green. Victoria BC
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· Biomass energy cogeneration (woodwaste-to-energy utility plant) is proposed.
· Geothermal heat pumps will be installed for commercial buildings for cooling.
· Solar water heating will be used.
· On-site grey and blackwater treatment has been proposed so that all sewage will
be treated on site.
· A privately owned commercial enterprise will use waste by-products from the
community to generate energy.
· There will be a car share program including neighbourhood electric vehicles as
well as priority parking for alternative vehicles.
Regent Park Revitalization Plan, Toronto, ON
· Water saving fixtures and appliances and
grey water recycling for communal laundry
facilities will be installed.
· Green roofs, porous pavement, exfiltration
trenches will be used.
· There will be a 'green bin' program for
townhouses, and a waste reduction
program for small commercial
establishments.
· Recommendations were made for
adoption of a specialized 3R demolition process; on-site brick/concrete crushing,
asphalt, metals and wood recycling; comprehensive waste audit; and pre-
approved waste haulers.
Reduced parking facilities, minimized pavement widths and provision of bike
parking were proposed.
Conservation of existing natural areas/trees, "no spray" policy, preference for low
maintenance and native species/landscaping as well as increased permeable
surface areas, shade and tree coverage were included in the design.
A high efficiency district energy supply and enhanced thermal envelopes for
buildings were also proposed.
,.
·
·
·
Marshall Homes, Copperfield, Oshawa, ON
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Buyers can opt for an 'energy saving' package
consisting of a combination of the following:
· High efficiency dual burner furnace with
variable speed fan
· Heat recovery ventilators
· Windows with low E coating on inside
· Increased insulation, house wrapped in
Tyvek or Typar
· Kid friendly streets with community
facilities in-place
· Energuide blow test and rating
Additional features include:
· Solar panels to heat hot water
· Houses prepped for future conversion to
solar or wind electricity
3.0 NEIGHBOURHOOD DESIGN GUIDELINES
3.1 Purpose of the Guidelines
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c52
As mentioned in the previous sections, the main product from the SNP project will be
Pickering-specific Guidelines for sustainable community development. These
Guidelines will provide specific performance measures to create sustainable
neighbourhoods. The Guidelines include sustainable strategies and targets related to
community design, environmental preservation, as well as building design and
construction. As noted in Section 11.1. the word 'community' is used as a broad term
that encompasses a range of scales from neighbourhood to site.
3.2 Development of the Guidelines
At this time, the Guidelines are in the process of being prepared. The Guidelines will
include Pickering-specific strategies and targets developed from background research
and case studies as well as stakeholder input. The process being used to develop the
Guidelines is described in the following sections.
3.2.1 LEED-ND (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design -
Neighbourhood Developments)
The framework for developing the Guidelines was created using LEED-ND (Leadership
in Energy and Environmental Design Neighbourhood Developments) as a model.
The LEED system, which is administered by the Canada Green Building Council in
Canada, has previously been applied to green building design and multi-unit residential
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buildings and is based on accumulating points for a prescribed list of criteria. The rating
system is divided into 'Credits' and 'Prerequisites', and typically consists of a few
prerequisites and many credits. To be certified a project must meet all the prerequisites
as well as a certain number of credits, which are optional but contribute to the total
points. A certain point total is required for LEED certification and higher point scores are
required for silver, gold and platinum certification.
The LEED-ND rating system is an emerging program being tested in the USA to
develop a set of standards for neighbourhood location and design based on the
principles of smart growth, urbanism and green building. LEED-ND is aimed at
improving land-use patterns, neighbourhood design and technology and is based on
four categories: Location Efficiency; Environmental Preservation; Compact, Complete &
Connected Neighbourhoods; and Resource Efficiency. Representative extracts from
the draft USA LEED-ND document are attached in Appendix B.
LEED-ND provides a good starting point for developing Pickering-specific Guidelines.
Nonetheless, because the LEED-ND document was prepared for the US and is a draft
document, the program needs to be significantly modified for Pickering. In addition,
some strategies that were encountered during the literature review that should be
considered for Pickering were not included in the LEED-ND document. To develop the
Pickering-specific Guidelines, a full complement of strategies and targets were compiled
into tables. These tables were used to present the information to and obtain feedback
from stakeholders at a workshop (Workshop #2).
3.2.2 Stakeholder Input into the Development of the Guidelines from
Workshop #2
A workshop (Workshop #2) was held on March 3, 2006 to discuss the development of
the Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines with various stakeholders.
Workshop attendees included representatives from various City departments, the
Region, utilities, and the TRCA, as well as architects, planners, local interest groups,
developers and builders.
The objective of the workshop was to review and obtain stakeholder feedback on
adapting the LEED-ND model to create Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines
for Pickering. The workshop included brief presentations to introduce the LEED-ND
program and to review the objectives and strategies of the program. Workshop
attendees were provided with workbooks in which the objectives, strategies and
example requirements for the four LEED-ND categories were presented. There were 3
breakout sessions at the workshop in which the participants commented on the
strategies and example requirements and provided feedback on whether or not the
proposed strategies should be required or optional in the SNP Guidelines for Pickering.
The tables providing a summary of the stakeholder input from the workshop are
provided in Appendix C.
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The overall consensus from the stakeholders on whether or not a strategy should be
required or optional in Pickering's Guidelines was incorporated into the development of
the Guidelines. Results from the workshop show that consensus was achieved for 79 of
the 103 strategies presented at the workshop. Of these 79, 20 were proposed as
optional strategies and 59 as required. By contrast, in the LEED-ND program only 10
strategies are required, 5 of which are in the Environmental Preservation category.
In general, most workshop participants were comfortable with the wording of the
strategies. However, it was noted that the stakeholders thought that some of the LEED-
NO strategies were far behind what is already done in the Greater Toronto Area today.
This is especially true for the LEEO-NO Environmental Preservation section. In
addition, the stakeholders were most interested in what the final targets for the
strategies would be, as the specifics of target setting and implementation could have the
most affect on their particular interests.
As only brief discussions were held with the stakeholders at the workshop regarding
specific targets, it was determined that technical teams composed of experts would
need to be created to review proposed targets for Pickering. The purpose of these
technical teams is described in the target setting summary in the next section.
3.2.3 Target Setting
The input received from stakeholders at Workshop #2 was used as part of the target
setting process. Target setting was divided into two stages: the first stage was to set
targets for the strategies categorized as required and the second to set targets for
optional strategies. To date, a draft set of targets has been developed for the required
strategies only. .
Although target setting was divided into two stages, the process will be the same for
each stage. For each strategy, the first part of target setting involves reviewing the
LEEO-NO target and comparing it with information gathered from case studies of
projects with sustainable community elements. Example programs are reviewed to
determine best practices for existing communities that have been successful in
implementing sustainable strategies. The targets from these existing
developments\buildings are then compared to the proposed LEED-ND targets and a
proposed target for Pickering is developed based on this assessment.
The next part of the process is to submit the proposed targets to City staff for critical
review. A revised draft will be prepared based on the comments received.
The third part of the targeting setting process is to present the proposed targets to
teams of technical experts to determine if the proposed targets are appropriate for
Pickering. This work has yet to be undertaken.
Five teams will be established, each to focus on one of the following categories of
strategies:
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1) Community Design;
2) Buildings (Residential and Commercial);
3) Natural Environment;
4) Transportation; and
5) Utilities.
As noted above, proposed targets have been created for required strategies based on
case study research. These proposed targets have been submitted to City staff for
review. Representative examples of the proposed targets are presented in Table 3.1
Meetings have been held with some technical stakeholders (utilities and TRCA) but in
depth technical team I staff meetings have not yet been held to discuss proposed
targets for community design, buildings and transportation.
Meetings with the utilities were held with Bell Canada, Veridian and Enbridge to discuss
their existing sustainability initiatives as well their potential involvement in the
development of Guidelines and the creation of sustainable neighbourhoods in Pickering.
All utilities expressed interest in the project and would prefer to be involved in the
process early on. They would also like to review the draft Guidelines. Some the
sustainable community initiatives suggested were home office package deals by Bell,
smart and net metering by Veridian, and demand management techniques with
customers by Veridian and Enbridge. Further discussions will be held with Enbridge
regarding the possibility of district energy, as they have experience with this in
Markham.
A meeting was also held with TRCA to discuss the project. TRCA provided some
suggestions regarding the overall process and will provide specific input on targets
related to environmental preservation (including natural heritage, stormwater
management, and water balance) at a later date. Strategies discussed at the meeting
included:
· Incorporating the net gain principle into the target setting process;
· Developing separate guidelines for brownfields, greenfields and employment
lands as well as for different stages of design;
· Phasing the introduction of sustainable community elements starting with
strategies for City owned properties, then for land that the City sells for
development and finally, involving the development industry in a pilot study.
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Table 3.1. Examples of Targets and Proposed Implementation for Required
Strategies
Proposed Target For Proposed
Strategy Implementation Supporting Case Study Summary
Pickering Approach
Compact and Limit average block - Parent OPA Average numbers are not available.
Connected perimeter within the - Secondary Plan However, in each community checked, larger
Neighbourhoods: project from between (Policies and Land Use block perimeters comprised a small
Design Block 245 m to 550 m. The Schedule) percentage of the overall block pattern. The
Perimeter to perimeter of each block - Tertiary/Block Plans majority of block perimeters range between
promote includes the properties 350 and 550 m. Therefore, average
connectivity bounded by the sidewalk calculations would probably achieve the
or the equivalent provision target.
for walking and does not
include the sidewalks North Oakville NOMI Plan - Oakville,
themselves. Ontario
· Block Perimeter Range: 300-600 m
LEED awards points j()r (measured at right-of~way).
shorter average block · Average perimeter would achieve target.
perimeters:
Queensville Community - East
· 473m to 549 m = I Gwillimbury, Ontario
point · Block Perimeter Range: 360-622 m.
· 396m to 473 m = 2 . Average perimeter would achieve target.
points
· 320 m to 396 m = 3 Community of Weston Highlands-
points Vaughan, Ontario
· 244 m to 320 m = 4 · Block Perimeter Range: 290-750 m.
points. · Average perimeter would probably achieve
target.
Cornell- Markham, Ontario
· Block Perimeter Range: 280-690 m.
A verage perimeter would achieve target.
Compact and In commercial and mixed - Site Plan Approval Issaquah Highlands - Washington
Connected use 50% or more of total Conditions Ratio of total retail to total officc GFA: 14%.
Neighbourhoods: number of office buildings - Based upon urban
Maximize include ground floor retail design guidelines Commons of Uptown Waterloo-
pedestrian safety AND business on the Waterloo, Ontario
and comfort ground floor are Ratio of at-grade retail to office in building:
accessible from sidewalk 30% (3-storey building).
along a public space.
AND/OR place trees or Old Hyde Park Village Centre - Tampa,
other structures to providc Florida
shade over at least half of 50% ratio: 60,000 sf (5,575 sm) second
the length of sidewalk. storey office over at-grade retail.
Improve quantification of Urban Design Guidelines, Queensbury, NY
target: Trees planted every 20 ft (6 m) in 5 ft (1.5 m)
Change # of office wide strip between sidewalk and street curb.
buildings to amount of at-
grade retail required for a Pedestrian and Transit-Friendly Design
commercial, main street (Smart Growth Network)
area. . Provide minimum height-to-width (i.e.
e.g. 50% of ground floor between building faces) ratio of 1:3
or 90% of ground floor (to
accommodate for
entrances and lobbies to
upper floors).
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As mentioned above, the technical team/ focus group meetings for the communities,
buildings and transportation technical teams have not yet been created. These teams
will include individuals with proven experience in the specified field as well as staff from
the City and Region. The community design and buildings teams will each meet twice
to review the list proposed targets for required strategies related to their expertise. The
transportation team will meet only once to discuss existing policies and target setting.
After the technical team meetings have been conducted, the proposed targets for the
required strategies will be finalized. If Phase One is successful, the same process
(case study research followed by technical team meetings) will occur to set targets for
the optional strategies. Although not yet complete, examples of proposed targets for
optional strategies are shown in Table 3.2.
3.3 Pickering Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines
Pickering-specific Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines will be prepared using
the strategies and targets for required and optional items. The Guideline will be
prepared as a stand-alone document and will be similar to the LEED-ND format, with
the detailed target for each strategy described.
Where appropriate, illustrations including maps and figures will be used to describe the
visible and "invisible" sustainability features described in some of the strategies and
targets (Le. including the "visible" urban design, and the "invisible" building envelope
and infrastructure characteristics).
4.0 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GUIDELINES
Where applicable, the suggested approach to implementation of the strategies and
targets has been identified. A general approach that will be required to implement the
Guidelines has been proposed but a detailed implementation plan has not yet been
prepared, pending completion of the Guidelines. Examples of proposed implementation
measures have been provided for required and optional strategies and are displayed in
Tables 3.1 and 3.2. The following provides an overview of the tools that the City can
use to implement the Guidelines.
4.1 Proposed Implementation Framework
4.1.1 Required Guidelines and Performance Measures
The Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines will be implemented through a
number of planning policy instruments with overall guidance and governance provided
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Table 3.2. Examples of Targets and Proposed Implementation for Optional
Strategies
Strategy
Compact and
Connected
Neighbourhood
s: Promote a
main street
model that
promotes
pedestrian
comfort
reducing
internal vehicle
trips
Resources
Efficiency:
Increase the use
of on-site
renewable
energy sources
Proposed Target For
Pickering
Locate highest density
development and non-auto
oriented retail / service
tàcilities, along internal
collector roads rather than
boundary arterial roads.
On-site parking requirements to
be significantly reduced. On-
street parking and/or cash-in-
lieu parking to be included in
parking requirements.
Parking maximums to be
established (both parking rates,
and size of individual lots).
Commercial/service facilities
located along lower speed
roadway with maximum 4 or 5-
lane cross-section for ease of
pedestrian crossing between
stores.
Provide a continuous
streetfront with main entrances
fronting on the sidewalk. Ratio
of building height to distance
across the street between
building frontages should bc a
minimum of 1:3.
All houses to include optional
upgrade for solar thermal
Domestic Hot Water (DHW) or
solar electric (minimum sizes
to be determined).
Proposed
Implementation
ADDroach
-
Parent OP Policies
Zoning By-law
amendment to
Parking Standards
Parking By-Law
regarding Cash-in-
Lieu (Currently
used in some
municipalities)
Urban Design
Standards
Supporting Case Study Summary
Wortley Village, London, Ontario
Daily neighbourhood commercial facilities
(grocery store, drug store, etc.) located in
smaller-scale structures with limited parking,
along collector road at centre ofneighbourhood
rather than along higher-speed multilane arterial
at edge of neighbourhood
Beach neighbourhood, Toronto, Ontario
Small-scale retail, restaurant and service
facilities provide a continuous streetfront
directly along the right-of-way line. Narrow
street cross-section (4 lanes), on-street parking,
short blocks, and streetcar activity reduces
vehicle speeds and allows for easy mid-block
pedestrian crossings.
PROJECTS:
Sterling Homes, Drakes Landing, Alberta -
laneways are oriented so that garage roofs are
optimal for an active solar system.
Marshall Homes, Ont. - offers solar hot water,
ground source heat pump systems, and rough in
for solar electric, all as optional upgrades.
Daniels, Ont. - clients are requesting active
solar upgrades.
POLICY:
London, U.K. - All new non-residential
developments above a threshold of 1,000 m2
shall provide renewable energy production to
Drovide at least 10% of predicted requirements.
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Points awarded resulting
in savings to Builder in
Frees or Processing Time
for Building Permit
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by an Official Plan Amendment. This amendment will define the purpose, goals and key
attributes of sustainable neighbourhood design and direct that sustainability policies be
implemented through secondary plans, zoning by-laws and City Municipal Standards.
The specific required strategies and targets for Pickering will be listed in the OPA.
Existing Secondary Plans that are not built out will be brought into conformance with the
OPA as will the Zoning By-Law. City Municipal Standards will also be amended to
implement the Guidelines.
4.1.2 Enhanced Strategies and Targets - Point System
The inclusion of additional strategies and targets in development approvals are
important to enhance the sustainability of neighbourhood designs beyond that achieved
by the required elements. A wide range of optional strategies will be identified in the
Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines Project. The intention is to allow some
flexibility for developers to choose among these strategies and combine them in a
manner that meets the skills, market and comfort of the developer and yet achieves a
significant level of environmental, social and economic benefit.
These additional enhancement strategies and targets will be implemented through a
point system that allocates points to each successful strategy and allows developers to
choose among a range of optional strategies/targets to accumulate the desired number
of points. The strategies/targets and allocated points will be developed by the City
through the Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines project. The application of
these can be implemented through one of two approaches:
1. Official Plan Amendment
The OPA referenced above will also refer to the optional strategies and
targets and direct that a certain number of points must be achieved in
secondary plans and development applications. The OPA will list the optional
strategies, targets and point system.
OR
2. Council Policy
Council will adopt a Special Policy that optional strategies and targets will be
met through the point system in all secondary plans and development
applications. Ideally, some value to developers will be attached to success
such as a development charge credit, an application fee reduction or reduced
processing time.
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5.0 NEXT STEPS
As discussed in the sections above, there are many steps in the development of the
Guidelines that must be completed before Pickering can implement the Guidelines.
Some of these steps can be completed within the existing work plan, however others
are beyond the scope of the SNP work funded partially by FCM. The items that can be
completed within the existing work plan include:
. Proposed targets and implementation strategies will be updated after City staff
review.
· Conducting technical team meetings to finalize targets for required strategies;
· Conducting case study research to set targets for optional strategies;
. Conducting technical team meetings to finalize targets for optional strategies;
and
· Preparing a list of funding sources for additional work.
The following items will also need to be completed but are beyond the scope of the
existing work plan:
· Testing of the Guidelines should be conducted (e.g. a pilot project for an area
such as Duffins Heights);
· Conducting a feasibility study for district energy in new areas of greenfield
development;
· Preparing the detailed implementation strategy including preparation of an OPA
and updating by-laws and City Standards; and
· Preparing a draft Guidelines document
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APPENDIX A
Best Practices Report
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City of Pickering
Sustainable Neighbourhood
Plan
Best Practices Overview
November 2005
05-4689
Submitted by
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1.0
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.10
3.0
Pickering Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan
Best Practices Overview
Table of Contents
Page
OVER VIEW........................................................................................................................ I
BEST PRACTICES REVIEW.........., ........ ............... ...... ........... ........... ............ ....... ...... ......1
Sustainable City Proj ect, Vaughan................................................................................. 3
Sherwood Survey Secondary Plan, Eco-Tech Village, Milton....................................... 4
North Oakville Secondary Plan, Oakville...... ........... ...... ........... ............... ......... ............. 5
Plan of Subdivision, Stickwood Walker Property, Town ofNewmarket....................... 6
Drake Landing Solar Community, Okotoks ................................................................... 7
Southeast False Creek, Vancouver................................................................................. 9
East Clayton, Vancouver.............................................................................................. 10
Marshall Homes, Copperfield, Oshawa........................................................................ I I
Jeffrey Homes, The Birches, Whitby......... ................. .......... .................. ........ .............. 12
Windmill Developments, Dockside Green, Victoria .................................................... 13
NEXT STEPS .......... ..... ......................... .......... ..... .... ...... ........... .................. ......... ....... ...... 14
M:ìPROJECTSIDRAFTI051054689 - SNPIConcept DesignlBest Practices Report.doc
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1.0 OVERVIEW
The City of Pickering has initiated the Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan (SNP) for Pickering. Through
the SNP, sustainability principles and strategies with measurable criteria will be developed as the basis for
Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines for future development in Pickering. The draft Guidelines
will also be applied to a conceptual development area to illustrate and test them. Consultation will take
place throughout the process to obtain feedback and innovative ideas.
The SNP is to be carried out in conjunction with the Partners for Climate Protection project. The SNP will
incorporate an integrated approach to community design with a focus on reducing the environmental
impact of the built environment. Sustainable design measures will be assessed to reduce environmental
impact and achieve economically viable neighbourhood designs with respect to transportation, energy
supply, building envelope design, HV AC (Heating, Ventilating, and Air-Conditioning), stormwater
management, naturalized landscaping, solid waste management and site design. The outcome of the
study will be a set of universally applicable guidelines.
The process for detennining appropriate design measures began with a review of best practices in the
GTA, as well as cutting edge 'green' development activities in municipalities across Canada. This
document provides a description of ten innovative projects undertaken by municipalities and developers
to implement sustainability goals. The projects reflect the best current, leading edge initiatives as
identified by CMHC, FMC and Dillon Consulting Limited staff. The case studies provide an overview of
seven municipalities currently implementing or developing innovative guidelines for their communities to
encourage development that reduces environmental impact. Three case studies on innovative builders and
developers that are voluntarily incorporating green development measures in new developments are also
included.
The Best Practices Overview will serve as a resource for City staff and stakeholders, providing
infonnation on key aspects of each of the case studies, as well as contact infonnation.
To develop objectives and strategies for the Guidelines, the LEED-ND (Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design Neighbourhood Developments) Rating System will be used as a model.
2.0 BEST PRACTICES OVERVIEW
Canadian urban and suburban jurisdictions are being increasingly confronted by deteriorating
environmental conditions due to a wide range of factors, such as increased automobile dependency,
contaminated air, water and soil, and pressure on energy and other non-renewable resources.
Conventional design guidelines for new developments have tended not to include perfonnance targets
related to environmental issues, such as air quality and water and energy use. It would appear, however,
that a new trend is emerging whereby municipalities are either requiring 'green' performance measures
for all new development, or are incorporating environmental guidelines and/or perfoTI11ance requirements
in planning policies, such as secondary plans, plans of subdivision, urban design guidelines, and zoning
by laws.
In Canada, this is a fairly recent trend. In western Canada, Calgary and Vancouver have adopted green
building guidelines.) In central and eastern Canada, no municipality has yet to adopt green development
I In July 2004 Vancouver adopted LEED Gold as its standard for all new city buildings (the first municipality in
Canada to do so). Calgary requires that new public buildings in excess of 500m2 attain LEED Silver certification.
PWGSC has committed to achieving LEED Gold/BREEAM Four Leaves or equivalent standard for all new
PWGSC buildings by 2005.
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standards, although several guidelines have been developed for specific areas, generally through the
adoption of Secondary Plans.
In other cases, developers and/or builders are voluntarily working with municipalities and environmental
agencies to explore ways of incorporating green development measures.
Green development measures tend to address aspects of site design that fall into the following categories:
· Site selection;
. Green building design (building envelope, orientation, indoor air quality & HV AC&R
(Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration infrastructure);
· Energy (on or otTsite renewable energy);
· Solid waste management;
· Water & wastewater;
· Stormwater management; and,
· Transportation.
Green development guidelines are meant to provide design guidelines, or, in some cases, performance
targets, that, when implemented, result in a reduced environmental impact as a result of the built
environment.
The Best Practices Overview provides an overview of some of the most progressive sustainable planning
activities underway in the Canada. Case studies were selected based on (1) the degree of innovation,
either with respect to the process or the environmental design measures being incorporated, and (2)
comparability to the context of the Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan in Pickering. All of the case studies
selected provide information that will be useful in attempting to develop a sustainable neighbourhood
plan as well as green development standards and/or guidelines. In addition, three case studies are
provided on innovative builders and developers that are voluntarily incorporating green development
measures in new developments.
Each case study provides a brief description, highlights design features and environmental benefits, and
provides information on the policy and/or implementation strategy (for municipalities) or marketing
strategy (for builders/developers). Contact information is also provided. The ten projects covered are:
· Sustainable City Project, Vaughan
· Sherwood Survey Secondary Plan, Eco- Tech Village, Milton
· North Oakville Secondary Plan, Oakville
· Plan of Subdivision, Stickwood Walker Property, Town of New market
· Drake Landing Solar Community, Okotoks
· Southeast False Creek, Vancouver
· East Clayton, Vancouver
· Marshall Homes, Copperfield, Oshawa
· Jeffrey Homes, The Birches, Whitby
· Windmill Developments, Dockside Green, Victoria
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Green Municipalities
2.1 Sustainable City Project, Vaughan2
Or anization:
Toronto Re ion Conservation Authorit (TRCA)
Descri tion:
· A "Living City" initiative to explore barriers to applying "green design" to community
development
· Project to include 400 homes, two schools, and a mix of other uses such as commercial,
transportation, and a greenspace network.
· A roximatel 100 ha of a 400 ha block (block 39 in Vau han)
Desi n Features:
· Design will incorporate best practices in community design and building construction, such
as LEED platinum (see below).
· Note that the design will only apply to a portion of Block 39, as 70% of the block has already
been developed or proposed for development. In addition, much of the planning for the block
has alread been determined in terms of trans ortation lans and schools.
Environmental Benefits:
· Significantly reduced environmental impact.
· Specific initiatives addressed at the workshop as options included geo-thermal exchange,
solar ener , and reen buildin desi n standards (LEED, BuiltGreen .
Strate :
· The TRCA has a number of organizations and corporations taking part including the CMHC,
the City of Vaughan, local developers, builders, utility companies, and the district school
board. In August 2005, a workshop was held to discuss a local action plan to increase the
adoption of best practices in green community design and green housing construction.
· The action plan will accomplish this by identifying best practices, benchmarking the current
state of best practices in community design and housing construction, identifying barriers to
and levers for promoting market penetration of best practices, creating an implementation
Ian and ublishin and romotin the results on the TRCA's web a e.
Contact Info:
Andrew Bowerbank, TRCA
Phone#:4166616600x5343
2 The Living City, Supporting Residential Community Development, TRCA, 2005
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2.2 Sherwood Survey Secondary Plan, Eco- Tech Village, Milton3
Participants:
Town of Milton, Federation of Canadian Municipalities - Green Municipal Funds, Smart Growth
Secretariat, Province of Ontario, Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Regional
Municipality of Halton, Bell Canada, Mattamy Development Corporation, Milton Hydro
Distribution, Ozz Corporation, Rogers Cable and Union Gas Limited.
Description:
· The Town of Milton initiated the Eco- Tech Village design project in 2001 based on an
increasing interest in ecological design in the community and a need to respond to rapid
future growth.
· For the purposes of a design charette held in the spring of 2002, a theoretical 20 Ha area was
selected that contains a secondary mixed-use node (10 Ha), a residential neighbourhood (10
Ha), a stonnwater management pond and a village square
· The site is owned by Mattamy, one of the partners in the design exercise
Design Features:
· Three different designs were developed at the design charette. The preferred design was
selected as a pilot project to be developed by Mattamy (see website)
· Design is based on 7 principles: environmental sustainability, ecological sensitivity, energy
efficiency, financial accountability, economic viability & marketability, technical
advancement, smart growth
Environmental Benefits:
· The plan promotes sustainable development, technological advancements and fiscal
responsibility and municipal governance.
Planninl! Process & Implementation Tools:
· The Sherwood Park Secondary Plan (which includes the area owned by Mattamy) provides
environmental guidelines for an Eco Tech Village
· An upcoming Official Plan Review will result in updated references to Sustainable
Development Guidelines and the Eco Industrial Park
· Process involved all members of development industry to ensure success of the project.
· Several reports (Sustainable Development Guidelines, Planning Indicators and Monitoring
Program) are available on the Town of Milton website.
· As of September 2005, building pern1Ïts had been issued to Mattamy for model homes and
construction was reported to have begun.
Contact Info:
Bill Mann, Manager of Planning Policy
Town of Milton, ~nYWJlliJ.!()n-,-~a
Phone #: 905-878-7252 ext 2304
E-mail address: p anninQ(Úill1ilton.ça
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3 Town of Milton. \l\,\'\\.Jllilll)ll.Cil and Town of Milton Eco-Tech Village Pilot Project Urban Design Charrette:
l\;faking Choices Towards Sustainabilitv. CMHC, 2003.
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2.3 North Oakville Secondary Plan, Oakville4
Or anization:
Town of Oakville
Descri tion:
· 3,000 hectares north of Dundas
· Greenfield development
· 55,000 residential units, 35,000 'obs
Desi n Features:
· Plan emphasizes New Urbanism type design: mixed use, compact, pedestrian friendly
environments, residential and employment areas are developed around 5 and 10 minute
walking radii (called 'pedestrian sheds')
· Plans to incorporate eco-industrial park with connections to existing Zenon Environmental
building
· Strong commitment to high-density corridors along major streets (Trafalgar)
· Andres Duany led design workshop. Proposed design focuses on neighbourhoods with their
own centres, all houses accessible to ublic transit.
Environmental Benefits:
· Reduction in solid waste generation
· Reduced consumption ofland and other non-renewable resources (water & energy)
· 1m roved air ualit
Strate
· The Secondary Plan includes a section outlining the sustainable development strategy
providing guidelines with respect to the built form, energy, solid waste, etc. Performance
measures, particularly for green buildings, will be incorporated as zoning by-law
requirements.
· Council has not yet adopted North Oakville Secondary Plan. Issues Report and
1m lementation Stud have et to be com leted for council's consideration.
Contact Info:
Ron Thun
City of Oakville Planning Department
(905) 845-660 I ext. 3029
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2.4 Plan of Subdivision, Stickwood Walker Property, Town of Newmarket
Developer / Participants:
Menkes Homes Inc.
Description:
· 90 acre property owned by the Town of New market
· Council approved a draft plan of subdivision for a major recreation complex, 160 single
family detached dwellings and a 50-unit apartment building.
· Within the subdivision, Council has approved a 34 unit single family sustainable housing
development on Mulock Drive (referred to as the Stickwood Walker Property)
· Menkes Homes Inc. purchased the 23.58 acre property and will develop the lots according to
the green building requirements agreed to
· Project will act as a demo pilot project for green building practices
Desi2n Features:
· Exact design details not yet available
· Design will endeavour to maximize solar gain & cross ventilating, control summer cooling
through building design and on-site landscaping with native plant material, minimize
impervious surfaces, reduce carbon emissions, achieve optimal levels of envelope air
tightness, and make use of recycled or natural building materials
· Design may also incorporate renewable energy and on-site composting
Environmental Benefits:
· 25% reduction in household water draws compared to conventional homes
· 60% reduction in overall discharge flow compared to conventional homes
· 60% reduction in solid waste compared to conventional homes
· 60% reduction in energy use compared to conventional homes
· 60% reduction in greenhouse gases
Strate2Y:
· Town of New market developed clear green building requirements in Tenns of Reference for
draft plan of subdivision and used a competitive bidding process to select the best design.
· A voluntary lot levy of$I,OOO per lot will be given to the Town in order to assist with the
construction of a trail on lands adjacent to the subdivision. Menkes has offered to pay this
levy. In return, the Town will complete an external trail system prior to first occupancy.
Contact Info:
Dennis Ramsarran, Councilor, Town of New market
(905) 868-8364
Representative of New market Environmental Advisory Committee
Richard Nethery, Director of Planning
Town of New market
I (905) 953-5321
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2.5 Drake Landing Solar Community, Okotoks5
Developer / Participants:
· Ci\NfVlEI Encrgy Tcehno]o~y (:,'l1lrc, N¡HuraJ Resourœs ('anad:1
· Town of Okoloks - municipal authority
· Uniled Communi lies - developer
· Sterling Iloll1es Ltd. - home and garage builder
· I\TCO (¡as - utility operator
· [',ncrWorks Inc, - solar collector and solar domestic hot water system supplier
· Nu-i\ir Vcntilation Systems Inc. - air-handler units supplier
· Science Application International (orpolat ()n (SAIC Canada) - project coordinator
· [.nennodallngineering I.td. - solar and heating system design
· Sunbow Consulting Ltd. - subdivision design
· Hurst Construction Management Inc. - energy centre building and system construction
Description:
· Okotoks, Alberta (population 12,000), located 40 km south of Calgary, typical satellite community, 40-
45% of population works in Calgary
· In 1998, after experiencing growth rates exceeding five percent since 1985, the Town adopted a
resolution to pursue a sustainable approach to development. Okotoks is the first community in Canada to
limit their growth based on the available water supply.
· Drake Landing is a result of this initiative: a subdivision of 52 solar heated homes
Design Features:
· Community is heated by a district system designed to store solar energy underground during the summer
and distribute the energy to each home for space heating needs during the winter. This is the first design
of its kind in the world. It will take approximately 4 years to have the system 'charged', during which
time heating requirements will be provided by Atco Gas. Once the borehole system is operational, Atco
Gas will continue to provide back-up natural gas heating. A not-for-profit partnership has been
established between the developer, builder, utility service provider and the municipality to oversee the
implementation of the geothermal solar heat storage system.
· Okotoks will be the largest subdivision of R-2000 single fàmily homes in Canada
· Okotoks purchases 60% of its electricity from renewable energy sources (Okotoks is part of a consortium
of Albertan municipalities that purchase electricity wholesale. Okotoks is the #1 municipal purchaser of
renewable energy in Canada.
· Sewage treatment plant will use a "vessel compo sting" system, first of its kind in Canada (closed vessel
composting - resulting Class A compost will be used as landfill cover material)
Environmental Benefits:
· Solar energy will be used to meet 90% of residential space heating needs, significantly reducing
dependency on fossil fuels.
· A reduction of 5 tonnes of greenhouse gases per household, or 260 tonnes per year for the community.
· Each R-2000 homes will be 30% more efficient than a conventionally built home.
5 Drake Landing is an exceptional example of grassroots sustainable community planning. Beginning in the late
1990's, the Town ofOkotoks created a Legacy Plan, which outlines the community's commitment to growth within
the limits of the natural carrying capacity of Sheep River. The community set water use and sewage treatment
guidelines and identified growth boundaries. Drake Landing is one of the outcomes of the community's commitment
to progressive, innovative community development. As a result, the Town of Okotoks has received numerous
awards (FCM, Alberta) and has been nominated for a UN Liveable Communities award. For more info:
. L '. , . and Drake Landing: .\:\~\\\V ,çUsc,l;,;¡inç[.:,\.hlm
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Strate :
. Homeowners charged a favourable long-term fixed monthly fee. Although not competitive with the cost
of to day's fossil fuels, costs are less than more expensive electric heating. Operating costs are lower than
those of a combustion furnace.
. As of September 2005, show homes are almost completed and ready for viewing.
Contact Info:
Doug McClenahan
Manager, Active Solar R&D
Natural Resources Canada
(6] 3) 996-6078
dmcclena@nrcan.gc.ca
Richard Quail
Municipal Manager
Town of Okotoks
(403) 938-8908
rquai1@okotoks.ca
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2.6 Southeast False Creek, Vancouver6
Develo ers/Pro onent:
Cit of Vancouver owns a
Descri tion:
In ] 991, Vancouver City Council adopted a motion to develop Southeast False Creek (SEFC) as a
model sustainable community that "incorporates principles of energy efficient design in its area
plan". The SEFC site is approximately 80 acres (36 hectares) offormer industrial land near
downtown Vancouver. Of this, 50 acres are ublicl owned with the remainder rivatel owned.
Desi n Features:
· Performance targets have been developed for solid waste, transportation, energy, air
emission, soil, water and open space.
· Privatel develo ed buildin s re uire LEED silver, civic buildin s must achieve LEED old.
Environmental Benefits:
· Water and energy reductions, solid waste generation reduction, increased impervious area
resulting in increased stormwater infiltration, improved air quality
· 12% of roduce consumed b residents to be rown on-site (urban a riculture
Strate :
· All new civic buildings must achieve LEED Gold (City policy since 2004)
· A policy statement outlines the City's commitment to sustainable development, including
directions on how to achieve this with respect to land use, built form, transportation and
circulation, environment and economic development.
· Four background documents (water & wastewater, transportation, urban agriculture and
energy options) further explore opportunities and best practices for the site and identify
implementation tools. The background documents and policy statement led to the
development of an Official Development Plan (ODP) (enacted July 2005).
· Section 2.2 of the ODP identifies sustainability principles and incorporates sustain ability
indicators and targets, as well as stewardship and monitory policies.
· Developers have responded to an EO! (Expression of Interest) for the Olympic Village,
which will be located on public lands in Southeast False Creek. The EO! outlined the City's
desire to have buildings achieve at least Silver LEED (preferably Gold), with a 30/30/30 split
of affordable/modest/market housin . As of Se t. 2005, the Cit was reviewin submissions.
Contact Info:
Southeast False Creek Public Lands
Kyra Lubell
604-871-6863
Southeast False Creek Private Lands
Kirsten Robinson
604.871.6562
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2.7 East Clayton, Vancouver7
Develo ers/Pro onents
City of Surrey, the Pacific Resource Centre, and UBC's James Taylor Chair in Landscape &
Livable Environments. An advisory committee included area residents, members of the
development community, and various interested agencies, including the Real Estate Foundation
ofBC, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Environment Canada, CMHC, the Federation of Canadian
Municipalities, Agriculture Canada, the Ministries of Municipal Affairs and Agriculture, & the
GVRD.
Descri tion:
· The East Clayton area represents a 500-acre greenfield site in Surrey B.C.
· The East Clayton Neighbourhood Concept Plan was officially adopted by Surrey Council in
April 2002. Construction of Clayton Village, the area's first development, began in 2002. The
3 I-acre project represents a variety of housing options, including 142 single family
residential homes on different sized lots, 72 town homes and 23 detached strata homes.
. Desi n Features:
· Walkable neighbourhoods including 5 minute walking distance to transit and shops.
· Interconnected street system, narrower streets with trees
· Some car storage and services handled at the rear of the dwellings (in a lane)
· Higher densities, different dwelling types in the same neighbourhood and on the same street
· New small lot zones with provision for secondary suites and coach houses
· 'Special residential' zoning which promotes live/work environments
· Mixed use: Employment areas, shopping areas and varied residential in the same community
· 'Natural' drainage systems (swales in boulevards) promotes infiltration of surface water
· On-site detention of stonnwater through retention of topsoil, exfiltration pits and ex filtration
swale s stems
Environmental Benefits:
· Sound stonn water management, reduced vehicle trips, environmental preservation, energy
savin s
Strate :
· Use charrette approach to involve stakeholders at the outset.
. Involve the development industry.
. Educate homebuyers
· Share the risk with develo ers and munici alit .
Contact Info:
City of Surrey
Bhargav Parghi
(604) 591-4394
7 City of Surrey, BC ~~'~~Sit'.SllllS.Y.h·.c'l
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2.8 Marshall Homes, Copperfield, Oshawa8
Develo er:
Marshall Homes
Descri tion:
· 88 detached traditional homes
· Greenfield develo ment
Desi n Features:
Buyers can opt for an 'energy saving' package consisting of a combination of the following:
· High efficiency dual burner furnace with variable speed fan
. Heat recovery ventilators
· Windows with low E coating on inside
· Increased insulation, house wrapped in Tyvek or Typar
· Kid friendly streets with community facilities in-place
· Energuide blow test and rating
Additional features include:
· Solar panels to heat hot water
· Houses re ed for future conversion to solar or wind electricit
Environmental Benefits:
· Reduction of 4 tonnes of GHGs per house (compared to conventional design)
· Currently assessing the potential for ground heat storage (for solar heating) and geothermal
heatin and coolin
Marketin Strate :
· Upfront marginal capital costs $7,500 - $9,500 (depends on type and size of house)
· Payback period less than 10 years, 10% annual Return on Investment (approximately), annual
savings of$800 - $1,300 for energy bills
· 75% of houses are opting to buy the package of energy saving measures (up from 15%
initiall ) - does not include solar anels
Contact Info:
Craig Marshall
Phone #: 905-509-8278
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2.9 Jeffrey Homes, The Birches, Whitby
Develo er:
Jeffer Homes, Whitb , Ontario
Descri tion:
· Contains first Energy Star house to be completed in GTA (second in Canada)
· 102 bungalow and two-storey detached homes
· 41 and 45-foot lots (1,523 - 2,890 ft2)
· Greenfield development
Desi n Features:
· Ultra high efficiency furnace with continuous fan
· House wrapped to block wind and water penetration
· Features included that are beyond Energy Star requirements
· High-efficiency hot water heater, humidistat which adjust the home's temperature and
humidity, compact fluorescent light bulbs, dual flush toilets
Environmental Benefits:
· Houses are 42-45% more energy efficient than those built to Ontario Building Code standards
· Water reduction as a result of water efficient appliances and fixtures
Marketin Strate :
· Buyers can opt for Energy Star packages worth $6,700 to $8,700 as part of a $10,000 free
upgrades offer or a less expensive "J-Star" package
· Buyers can expect to save $500 - $1,200 per year
· Houses priced at $329,000 to $355,000
Contact Info:
Contact: Sharon Calton-Jeffery
Phone #: (905) 433-4701
www. jclTcrvhoJllcs.coln
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2.10 Windmill Developments, Dockside Green, Victoria9
·
Desi n Features:
· Dockside Green to operate as a "closed loop system"
· Biomass energy cogeneration (woodwaste-to-energy utility plant)
· Geothermal heat pumps for commercial building (cooling)
· Solar water heating
· On-site grey and blackwater treatment (all sewage will be treated on site)
· Wise Energy Co-op biodiesel tàcility (a privately owned commercial enterprise will use
waste by-products to generate energy)
· Car share! Nei hbourhood Electric Vehicles! Priorit
Environmental Benefits:
· Greenhouse gas neutral (no net emissions ofGHG from the development)
· No potable water use in irrigation for both public and private developments
· Potable water reduction in buildings
· Promotes alternative modes of transportation
· 95% construction waste diversion goal
· On-site com ostin
Strate
· VanCity uses a triple-bottom line approach
· Partnerships with City of Victoria
· Funding from FCM
Van City Enterprises Ltd.
Jacques Khouri, President & CEO
phone: 604-877-7546
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3.0 NEXT STEPS
We have identified a list of additional case studies that Pickering may wish to review, time
pennitting. Another possibility is to see if VOlT students could further expand on the Best
Practices Overview. Additional projects include the following:
· Maple Ridge, BC
· Squamish, BC
· Banff Green Building Guidelines
· Regina Affordable Housing Project
· Region of Waterloo, Light Rail Transit Corridor
· Calgary 100 Year Sustainable Plan
· Niagara Development Standards
· Iqualuit, Blueberry Hill
· Regent Park, Toronto, ON
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APPENDIX B
Extracts from the LEED-ND Document
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LEED for Neighborhood Developments
Rating System - Preliminary Draft
September 6, 2005
Presented by the partnership of the Congress for the New Urbanism,
the Natural Resources Defense Council and the U.S. Green Building Council
II
NRDC
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DRAFT ONL Y 9/6/05
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. Introduction
II. Point Overview
III. Location Efficiency
Prerequisite: Transportation Efficiency
Prerequisite: Water and Stormwater Infrastructure Efficiency
Credit: Contaminated Brownfields Redevelopment
Credit: High Cost Contaminated Brownfields Redevelopment
Credit: Adjacent, Infill or Previously Developed Sites
Credit: Reduced Automobile Dependence
Credit: Contribution to Jobs-Housing Balance
Credit: School Proximity
Credit: Access to Public Spaces
IV. Environmental Preservation
Prerequisite: Imperiled Species and Ecological Communities
Prerequisite: Parkland Preservation
Prerequisite: Wetland & Water Body Protection
Prerequisite: Erosion & Sedimentation Control
Prerequisite: Fannland Preservation
Credit: Support OfT-Site Land Conservation
Credit: Site Design for Habitat or Wetland Conservation
Credit: Restoration of Habitat or Wetlands
Credit: Conservation Management of Habitat or Wetlands
Credit: Steep Slope Preservation
Credit: Minimize Site Disturbance During Construction
Credit: Minimize Site Disturbance Through Site Design
Credit: Maintain Stonnwater Runoff Rates
Credit: Reduce Stonnwater Runoff Rates
Credit: Stormwater Treatment
Credit: Outdoor Hazardous Waste Pollution Prevention
V. Compact, Complete & Connected Neighborhoods
Prerequisite: Open Community
Prerequisite: Compact Development
Prerequisite: Diversity of Uses
Credit: Compact Development
Credit: Transit-Oriented Compactness
Credit: Diversity of Uses
Credit: Housing Diversity
Credit: Affordable Rental Housing
Credit: Affordable For-Sale Housing
Credit: Reduced Parking Footprint
Credit: Community Outreach and Involvement
"-""
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t ~'" ~
p.3
p.9-10
p.t1
p.ll
p.15
p.16
p.17
p.18
p.l9
p.21
p.22
p.23
p.24
p.24
p.26
p.27
p.29
p.30
p.32
p.33
p.35
p.36
p.37
p.39
p.41
p.43
p.44
p.45
p.47
p.4S
p.48
p.49
p.50
p.52
p.53
p.54
p.56
p.58
p.59
p.60
p.61
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Credit: Block Perimeter p.63
Credit: Locating Buildings to Shape Walkable Streets p.64
Credit: Designing Building Access to Shape Walkable Streets p.65
Credit: Designing Buildings to Shape Walkable Streets p.66
Credit: Comprehensively Designed Walkable Streets p.67
Credit: Street Network p.68
Credit: Pedestrian Network p.69
Credit: Maximize Pedestrian Safety and Comfort p.70
Credit: Superior Pedestrian Experience p.72
Credit: Applying Regional Precedents in Urbanism and Architecture p.74
Credit: Transit Subsidy p.75
Credit: Transit Amenities p.76
Credit: Access to Nearby Communities p.77
Credit: Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings p.78
VI. Resource Efficiency p.80
Credit: Certified Green BuiJding p.80
Credit: Energy Efficiency in Buildings p.8 I
Credit: Water Et1ìciency in Buildings p.83
Credit: Heat Island Reduction p.84
Credit: Infrastructure Energy Et1ìciency p.87
Credit: On-Site Power Generation p.88
Credit: On-Site Renewable Energy Sources p.89
Credit: Efficient Irrigation p.90
Credit: Greywater & Stonnwater Reuse p.91
Credit: Wastewater Management p.92
Credit: Reuse of Materials p.93
Credit: Recycled Content p.94
Credit: Regionally Provided Materials p.95
Credit: Construction Waste Management p.96
Credit: Comprehensive Waste Management p.97
Credit: Light Pollution Reduction p.99
Credit: Contaminant Reduction in Brownfields Remediation p. I 00
VI. Anticipated Accredited Professional and Innovation Credits p.lOl
VII. Definitions p.l02
VIII. Appendix A: Sample "Letter Template" p.l04
IX. Appendix B: List ofLEED-ND Core Committee Members p.l05
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INTRODUCTION
Overview o(LEED-ND
The U.S. Green Building Council (USGBC), the Congress for the New Urbanism (CNU),
and the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)-three organizations that represent
some ofthe nation's leaders among progressive design professionals, builders,
developers, and the environmental community-have come together to develop a
national set of standards for neighborhood location and design based on the combined
principles of smart growth, urbanism, and green building. The goal of this partnership is
to establish these standards for assessing and rewarding environmentally superior
development practices within the rating framework of the LEED® (Leadership in Energy
and Environmental Design) Green Building Rating System.
Unlike other LEED products that focus primarily on green building practices, with
relatively few credits regarding site selection, LEED for Neighborhood Development
(LEED-ND) will place the emphasis on the elements that bring the buildings together
into a neighborhood, and relate the neighborhood to its larger region and landscape. Our
work is guided by sources such as the Smart Growth Network's ten principles of smart
growth, the Charter of the New Urbanism, other LEED rating systems, and other
pertinent criteria. In short, LEED-ND will create a label, as well as guidelines for design
and decision-making, to serve as an incentive for better location, design, and construction
of new residential, commercial, and mixed developments.
The existing LEED rating system for new commercial construction has a proven track
record of encouraging builders to utilize green building practices such as increasing
energy and water efficiency and improving indoor air quality in buildings. It is our hope
that LEED-ND will have a similarly positive effect to encourage developers and
community leaders to revitalize existing urban areas, reduce land consumption, reduce
automobile dependence, promote pedestrian activity, improve air quality, decrease
polluted stormwater runoff, and build more livable, sustainable, enduring communities
for people of all income levels.
Process and Timeline for Develoving LEED-ND
The LEED-ND Core CommitteeI-which consists of fifteen members selected by
USGBC, CND, and NRDC-does the day-to-day work of developing the rating system,
but a second, larger corresponding committee is also established for every LEED product.
In this way, a wider group of experts and interested parties can stay updated and provide
feedback. The LEED-ND Core Committee has completed its first full draft of the
LEED-ND Rating System, which follows, and is actively soliciting comments from
the LEED-ND Corresponding Committee regarding their work thus far.
1 A complete list ofLEED-ND Core Committee members can be found at the end of this document in
Appendix B.
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The comment period will run for 45 days in order to give sufficient time to comment.
The LEED-ND Core Committee will then process your feedback and revise the draft into
a pilot phase LEED-ND Rating System. The pilot phase will test the LEED-ND Rating
System on the ground with a group of projects at various stages of planning and
construction. An official call for pilot projects will be made to the LEED-ND
Corresponding Committee, and the projects will be selected to reflect a diversity of
project types. The pilot phase will last for approximately one year, after which further
revisions will be made to the rating system, incorporating lessons learned during the pilot
phase. Two public comment periods will then be held to solicit further feedback before
the final approval and balloting processes take place.
What is a "Neighborhood Development "?
The LEED-ND Core Committee intends for LEED-ND to be used to certify exemplary
development projects that perform well in terms of smart growth, urbanism, and green
building, and may constitute whole neighborhoods, fractions of neighborhoods, or
multiple neighborhoods. Smaller, infill projects that may be just a single use, but
complement existing neighboring uses, for instance, should be able to earn certification
as well as larger mixed use developments. For the time being, the LEED-ND Core
Committee has put no restrictions as to the minimum or maximum size a project would
have to be in order to certify under LEED-ND.
As for the more qualitative aspects of what makes a neighborhood, the LEED-ND Core
Committee has refrained from defining the term precisely, but has been guided by the
principles of smart growth and New Urbanism in writing credits that will recognize
aspects of neighborhood that have proven most successful. The qualities of an ideal
neighborhood include that it has a legible center and edge; is limited in size, typically five
minutes average walk from center to edge; has a mix of land uses, to allow for some basic
daily needs to be satisfied within the neighborhood; accommodates a diversity of
household types; has an integrated network of walk able streets; and has special sites
reserved for public spaces and civic buildings.
LEED-ND is principally aimed on improving land-use patterns, neighborhood design,
and technology in the United States. Please refer to the "LEED Product Development
and Maintenance Manual" for information on how LEED rating systems may be adapted
and licensed for other countries. 2
Imvlementation Issues
Several implementation issues have been discussed but not finalized by the LEED-ND
Core Committee. These issues include, importantly, the stage at which official
certification will take place, since a majority of the land use and neighborhood design
2 The "LEED Product Development and Maintenance Manual" or "LEED Product Development
Handbook" is one of three LEED Foundations documents. It is posted for download on the "LEED" page
of the USGBC website (www.usgbc.org). The direct link is
http://www .usgbc.org/DisplayPage.aspx?Category lD= 19 .
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issues are settled at the planning stage, while full build-out of large-scale developments
can take years. While the details have not been decided, it is the intent of the LEED-ND
Core Committee to make available some form ofLEED-ND formal approval at the
planning stage, such that it could be earned by developers at the stage of land use
entitlements. The LEED-ND Core Committee invites comment on issues of
implementation as well as on the specifics ofthe rating system language.
About this Drafi
This draft of the LEED-ND Rating System is not final, and will likely be revised
significantly before it is used for the pilot program. Credits and prerequisites may be
added or deleted, and specific language under the "Requirements" or "Submittals"
section may change significantly. Any projects that are considering applying to
participate in the pilot program or hoping to achieve LEED-ND certification under either
the pilot or final rating system should NOT design or construct a project with the
expectation that the requirements for certification as drafted here will remain the same for
the pilot or final rating systems.
The LEED-ND Core Committee is currently organizing the LEED-ND Rating System
into four categories: Location Efficiency; Environmental Preservation; Compact,
Complete, & Connected Neighborhoods; and Resource Efficiency. These are different
credit categories than have been used in other LEED rating systems, which are typically
divided into the categories of Sustainable Sites, Water Efficiency, Energy & Atmosphere,
Materials & Resources, and Indoor Environmental Quality. The current credit categories
of LEED-ND may remain the same or merge with the credit categories of other LEED
products; credits and prerequisites have been intentionally left un-numbered so that they
may be rearranged with less confusion. The LEED-ND Rating System will be reviewed
by LEED Technical Advisory Groups and by appropriate experts from the urbanist and
smart growth constituencies.
Credits or prerequisites that are based on credits and prerequisites in other LEED rating
systems will be updated to reflect subsequent versions of those rating systems (e.g.
LEED-NC version 2.2) unless the committee deems it inappropriate for the LEED-ND
context.
The LEED-ND Core Committee has attempted to balance the need for a rating system
that is manageable in size against the many complexities associated with neighborhood
location and design that contribute to or detract from environmental and social benefits.
As the work progresses, the committee may aim to make the draft more manageable in
size. It may also consider reducing the total number of potential credit points awarded in
LEED-ND from the current 114 to 100. The argument for making this reduction is
twofold: to make the weightings clear and transparent, and to reduce the overall
complexity of the system. The value of such a strategy will have to be weighed against
the potential loss of measures and gradations that may be important to determining
whether a proposed development will achieve the purposes ofLEED-ND
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Format & Vocabulary of'the Drafi
The "Point Overview" at the beginning of this document shows the overall list of credits
with the number of points attached to each credit in one place, along with the estimated
levels of points needed to achieve the different levels (Certified, Silver, Gold, Platinum)
of LEED-ND certification.
The rating system itself is divided into "Credits" and "Prerequisites." LEED rating
systems typically consist of a few prerequisites and many credits. In order to be certified,
a project has to meet all of the prerequisites. Each credit is optional, but contributes to
the project's point total. A certain point total is required for certification, and higher
point scores are required for silver, gold, or platinum LEED certification.
Each prerequisite and credit is organized in a standardized fOnTIat for simplicity and
quick reference. The first three sections summarize key points regarding the purpose and
compliance requirements. Subsequent sections in other LEED reference guides (including
the "Summary of Referenced Standards," "Concems," "Design Approach," "Synergies
& Trade-Offs," "Calculations," "Resources," and "Case Study" sections) provide
supportive infonTIation to help with interpretation and implementation, but are largely
undeveloped at this time for LEED-ND and are omitted.
The "Intent" identifies the main goal(s) of the prerequisite or credit.
"Requirements" specify the criteria to satisfy the prerequisite or credit.
"Submittals" specity the documentation required for the LEED application.
Where appropriate, this draft also includes additional sections, which may be helpful at
this stage of development.
The "Rationale" section may include other reasons for the development of the
prerequisite or credit.
"Sources & Resources" may list some of the sources for development of the
credit, although the sources used are not always listed, and were often drawn from
the collective expertise of committee members. This section may also include
sources for more information on the topic.
The "Notes" section contains any other comments or explanatory infonTIation. In
a few instances there will be text boxes in this section indicating that the LEED-
ND Core Committee is explicitly requesting feedback on a particular issue,
although comments on any issue are welcome.
The "Definitions" section at the end of document contains definitions of potentially
unfamiliar tenTIS or acronyms, as well as familiar tenTIS that are defined more precisely
for the purposes of the LEED-ND Rating System. Any tenTI that is defined in this section
is indicated as such in bold font for its first usage within a given credit or prerequisite.
Finally, "letter templates" are referenced in the submittals sections throughout the rating
system. The LEED Letter Templates that are used for other LEED products streamline
preparation ofLEED certification applications by providing pre-formatted submittal
sheets for each prerequisite and credit. They outline the specific project data needed to
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,... 8 f'
\.: J
demonstrate achievement of the LEEO performance requirements and include calculation
formulas where applicable. Letter Templates for existing LEED rating systems are
currently available for download by those USGBC Web site users who have been given
access to the online reference guide or the registered project welcome pages. A sample
letter template is included as Appendix A.
Questions for Comment
All comments are welcome, and there are questions on the web-based comment
form that provide opportunity for both general comments and credit-specific
comments to be made. As noted above, there are text boxes in the "Notes" sections of
some credits or prerequisites indicating that the LEED-ND Core Committee is explicitly
requesting feedback on a particular issue. In addition, the LEED-ND Core Committee is
interested in comments regarding the following two issues that apply to credits and
prerequisites throughout the rating system:
For some credits, multiple points are rewarded for meeting an individual
performance threshold a number of places in the current draft. The LEED-ND
Core Committee welcomes comments on how to reward intermediate levels of
performance short of the one stated threshold. The weighted point assignments in
this draft are likely to change as LEED-ND is refined, and the committee will
benefit from constructive suggestions in this area.
For some credits, the LEED-NO Core Committee has struggled to dratì:
appropriate "intent" language (see below for more on "intents"). Some committee
members have favored narrowly dratì:ed intents that correspond more concisely to
the requirements, to provide the clearest guidance possible to project teams
throughout the design and credit interpretation process. Others believe that some
intents must be drafted and interpreted more broadly to reflect the multiple
purposes and benefits of particular strategies. The current draft strives to achieve
a balance between the two approaches, but the committee recognizes that the
balance may not be perfectly struck in all cases. The core committee invites
comments on intent language in general and suggestions as to how to improve
individual intents.
About the Comment Period
The comment period for this draft is not an official public comment period as required in
the "LEED Foundations Policy Manua!.,,3 The LEED-ND Core Committee has elected
at this time to seek comment on its progress thus far via this comment period.
The comment period will be open for 45 days, beginning the day that notification of the
availability of the draft is sent to the LEED-NO Corresponding Committee. The
3The "LEED Foundations Policy Manual" is one of three LEED Foundations documents. It is posted for
download on the "LEED" page of the USGBC website (www.usgbc.org). The direct link is
http://www.usgbc.org/DisplavPage.aspx?CategorvID=19 .
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comment solicitation is web-based, and while the comment period is open, it can be
accessed at www.usgbc.org/leed/nd .
About the LEED-ND CorreslJondinf! Committee
As previously mentioned, the LEED-ND Core Committee does the day-to-day work of
developing the rating system; a second, larger corresponding committee is also
established for every LEED product. In this way, a wider group of experts and interested
parties can stay updated and provide feedback. The LEED-ND Corresponding Committee
is invited to comment on draft versions of the LEED-ND rating system and has the first
opportunity to respond to the call for pilot LEED-ND projects. In addition, LEED-ND
Corresponding Committee members receive minutes from LEED-ND Core Committee
meetings and notification of LEED-ND events.
Readers of this document who are not already members of the LEED-ND
Corresponding Committee are encouraged to join at this time. The LEED-ND
Corresponding Committee is open to USGBC members and non-members alike, but there
are different ways to join:
· USGBC members should go to www.usgbc.org and subscribe to the LEED-ND
committee listserv through the individual site user account section of the website.
· If you are not a USGBC member, send an e-mail to nd@committees.usgbc.org stating
that you'd like to join the LEED-ND Corresponding Committee.
USGBC, CNU, NRDC, and the LEED-ND Core Committee thank you for taking the time
to review this draft. We sincerely appreciate your participation in developing LEED-ND.
8
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er8S
POINT OVERVIEW
Title Points Percental!e oftotal points
Location Efficiency (2 Prerequisites / 7 Credits / 28 Points /25% of total points)
Prerequisite: Transportation Efficiency -- --
Prerequisite: Water and Stormwater Infrastructure Efficiency -- --
Credit: Contaminated Brownfields Redevelopment 4 3.5%
Credit: High Cost Contaminated Brownfields Redevelopment I 0.9%
Credit: Adjacent, Infill, or Redevelopment Site 3 to 10 8.8%
Credit: Reduced Automobile Dependence 2 to 6 5.3%
Credit: Contribution to Jobs-Housing Balance 4 3.5%
Credit: School Proximity I 0.9%
Credit: Access to Public Space 2 1.8%
Environmental Preservation (5 Prerequisites / 11 Credits / 13 Points / II % oftotal points)
Prerequisite: Imperiled Species and Ecological Communities -- --
Prerequisite: Parkland Preservation -- --
Prerequisite: Wetland & Water Bodv Protection -- --
Prerequisite: Farmland Preservation
Prerequisite: Erosion & Sedimentation Control -- --
Credit: Support Off-Site Land Conservation 2 1.8%
Credit: Site Design for Habitat or Wetlands Conservation I 0.9%
Credit: Restoration of Habitat or Wetlands I 0.9%
Credit: Conservation Management of Habitat or Wetlands 1 0.9%
Credit: Steep Slope Preservation I 0.9%
Credit: Minimize Site Disturbance During Construction I 0.9%
Credit: Minimize Site Disturbance Through Site Design I 0.9%
Credit: Maintain Stormwater Runoff Rates I 0.9%
Credit: Reduce Stormwater Runoff Rates I 0.9%
Credit: Stormwater Treatment 2 1.8%
Credit: Outdoor Hazardous Waste Pollution Prevention I 0.9%
Compact, Complete, & Connected Nei2hborhoods (3 Prereq /22 Credits / 42 Points / 37% of total points)
Prerequisite: Open Community -- --
Prerequisite: Compact Development -- --
Prerequisite: Diversity of Uses -- --
Credit: Compact Development I to 5
Credit: Transit-Oriented Compactness I 0.9%
Credit: Diversity of Uses 1 to 3 2.6%
Credit: Housing Diversity 4 3.5%
Credit: Affordable Rental Housing 1 to 2 1.8%
Credit: Affordable For-Sale Housing I to 2 1.8%
Credit: Reduced Parking Footprint 2 1.8%
Credit: Community Outreach and Involvement I 0.9%
Credit: Block Perimeter I to 4 3.5%
Credit: Locating Buildings to Shape Walkable Streets 1 0.9%
Credit: Designing Building Access to Shape Walkable Streets I 0.9%
Credit: Designing Buildings to Shape Walkable Streets ] 0.9%
Credit: Comprehensively Designed Walkable Streets 2 ].8%
Credit: Street Network ] 0.9%
Credit: Pedestrian Network ] 0.9%
Credit: Maximize Pedestrian Experience I 0.9%
Credit: Superior Pedestrian Experience I to 2 1.8%
Credit: Applying Regiona] Precedents in Urbanism and Architecture I 0.9%
Credit: Transit Subsidy 3 2.6%
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Title Points Percental!e of total points
Credit: Transit Amenities I 0.9%
Credit: Access to Nearby Communities I 0.9%
Credit: Adaptive Reuse of Historic Buildings I to 2 1.8%
Resource Efficiency (0 Prerequisites / 17 Credits / 25 Points / 22% of total ointS)
Credit: Certified Green Building I to 5 4.4%
Credit: Energy Efficiency in Buildings I to 3 2.6%
Credit: Water Efficiency in Buildings I to 2 1.8%
Credit: Heat Island Reduction I 0.9%
Credit: Infrastructure Energy Efficiency I 0.9%
Credit: On-Site Power Generation I 0.9%
Credit: On-Site Renewable Energy Sources I 0.9%
Credit: Efficient Irrigation I 0.9%
Credit: Greywater & Stormwater Reuse 2 1.8%
Credit: Wastewater Management I 0.9%
Credit: Reuse of Materials I 0.9%
Credit: Recycled Content I 0.9%
Credit: Regionally Provided Materials I 0.9%
Credit: Construction Waste Management I 0.9%
Credit: Comprehensive Waste Management I 0.9%
Credit: Light Pollution Reduction I 0.9%
Credit: Contaminant Reduction in Browntields Remediation 1 0.9%
Other (0 Prerequisites / 2 Credits / 6 Points / 5% of total points)
Anticipated Accredited Professional Innovation Credit(s) 1 to 2 1.8%
Anticipated Innovation Credit(s) 1 to 4 3.5%
TOTAL 114 100%
Anticipated Certification Levels
(Percentages taken from the "LEED Product Development and Maintenance Manual")
Certified:
Silver:
Gold:
Platinum:
46 - 56 points (40% of total points)
57 - 67 points (50% of total points)
68 - 90 points (60% of total points)
91 - 114 points (80% of total points)
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COMPACT, COMPLETE & CONNECTED NEIGHBORHOODS
Credit: Block Perimeter (1 to 4 Points)
Intent
To promote connectivity.
Requirements
(1) Limit average block perimeter within the project, as follows:
A vera2e block perimeter Points available
Between 1551 and 1800 feet 1
Between 1300 and 1550 feet 2
Between 1050 and 1299 feet 3
Between 800 and 1049 feet 4
The perimeter of each block includes the properties bounded by the sidewalk or the
equivalent provision for walking, and does not include the sidewalks themselves.
Submittals
Provide the following:
1) The LEED Letter Template, signed by the responsible party, declaring that the
requirements have been met; and
2) a site plan indicating the length of block perimeters, and
3) a calculation of the average block perimeters within the project.
Notes
Examples of average block perimeter patterns:
between 1550 and 1800 feet = historic Miami size
between 1050 and 1299 feet = most TNDs
between 800 and 1049 feet = historic Portland size
between 1120 and 1640 feet = historic Savannah
. ,', '~
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COMPACT, COMPLETE & CONNECTED NEIGHBORHOODS
Credit: Pedestrian Network (1 Point)
Intent
Provide direct and safe connections, for pedestrians to local destinations and
neighborhood centers. Promote public health though increased physical activity.
Requirements
1) Provide continuous sidewalks or equivalent provisions for walking along all
streets within the project. New sidewalks must be at least four feet wide.
Equivalent provisions for walking include woonerfs and footpaths.
Sidewalks are not required on both sides of the street where the street is designed for a
speed of 10 miles per hour or lower.
Submittals
Provide the following:
1) The LEED Letter Template, signed by the responsible party, declaring that the
requirements have been met; and
2) a site plan indicating the location and width of all new sidewalks or equivalent
provisions for walking.
Notes
The LEED-ND Core Committee would like to ensure that this credit is flexible and
available to projects in different contexts, but is concerned about whether or not unpaved
footpaths would be unusable for those with certain disabilities. The committee is seeking
comment on the issue.
Woonerfis a Dutch word that means "street for living". In practice, it is common space
shared by pedestrians, bicyclists, and low-speed motor vehicles. They are usually streets
raised to the same grade as curbs and sidewalks. Vehicles are slowed by placing trees,
planters, parking areas, and other obstacles in the street, so that motorists travel at
walking speed.
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COMPACT, COMPLETE & CONNECTED NEIGHBORHOODS
Credit: Maximize Pedestrian Safety and Comfort (1 Point)
Intent
Provide direct, safe, and comfortable connections, for pedestrians and bicyclists, to local
destinations and neighborhood centers. Promote public health though increased physical
activity.
Requirements
(1) Provide on-street parking on 80% of all new streets,
AND
Design and construct all streets within the project, whether new or existing, for a
maximum speed of 20 mph for primarily residential streets or 25 mph for
primarily commercial streets,
AND
Plant street trees between the vehicle travel way and sidewalk at intervals of no
less than 40 feet;
AND
Ensure that a majority of ground-floor dwelling units have an elevated finished
floor no less than 24" above the sidewalk grade.
The percentage of on-street parking shall be measured by comparing the length of street
designated for parking to the total length of the curb around the perimeter of each block,
including curb cuts, driveways, and intersection radii.
Submittals
Provide the following:
1) The LEED Letter Template, signed by the responsible party, declaring that the
requirements have been met; and
2) a site plan indicating
(A) the location of on-street parking;
(B) the speeds for which streets are designed and the legal speed limits posted;
(C) the location of street trees; and
(D) the location of dwelling units which have an elevated finished floor.
Rationale
Street tree intervals are meant to be adequate when mature to provide buffer/driver
alertness.
Sources & Resources
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For more on tree planting see Trees in Urban Design, 2nd edition, by Henry F. Arnold
ISBN: 0442203365(pp. 53-54,64)
According to traftìc engineer Walter Kulash,
In urban areas, statistical analysis says that street trees planted in close proximity to
the edge of the street improve safety. (Lee and Mannering, 1995, for the
Washington State DOT)
The shade from street trees is a highly significant factor in retarding the oxidation
of the binder, and hence in prolonging pavement life on local streets. When we
consider that local streets comprise about 90% of all street mileage, the impact of
street trees on resurfacing costs becomes apparent.
Notes
Elevated floors provide a sense o.!,privacy jòr occupants of dense housing and facilitate
the opening curtains and other interior window treatments, allowing for more "eyes on
the street" to promote community safety. They also provide pedestrians with a
comfortable sense that they are not intruding upon privacy of residents. But they raise
the need to provide special adaptations to provide accessibility jòr persons of all physical
abilities. The LEED-ND Core Committee is working to find a solution that serves all
parties, and is considering developing a credit to encourage and recognize achievement
in creating superb visitability and accessibility. The committee invites comment on the
topic.
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COMPACT, COMPLETE & CONNECTED NEIGHBORHOODS
Credit: Superior Pedestrian Experience (1 to 2 Points)
Intent
Provide appealing and comfortable pedestrian street environments in order to promote
pedestrian activity.
Requirements
(1) In commercial or mixed use projects, design and build 50% or more of the total
number of office buildings to include ground floor retail;
AND
Ensure that all businesses and/or other community services on the ground floor
are accessible directly from sidewalks along a public space such as a street,
square, or plaza; (I point)
AND/OR
(2) Place trees or other structures to provide shade when mature over at least half the
length of sidewalks included within or contiguous to the project. The estimated
crown diameter (the width of the shade if the sun is directly above the tree) is
used to calculate the shaded area. (l point)
Submittals
Provide the following:
I) The LEED Letter Template, signed by the responsible party, declaring that the
requirements have been met; and
2) a site plan indicating the location of any office buildings, any ground floor retail,
any sidewalk entrances to businesses or community services, any vistas, and any
shade trees or other structures.
Sources & Resources
For more on tree planting see Trees in Urban Design, 2nd edition, by Henry F. Arnold
ISBN: 0442203365
(pp. 53-54, 64
Davis, California's parking lot 50% shading ordinance:
www.citv.davis.ca.us/pb/pdfs/planning/forrns/Parking Lot Shading Guidelines.pdf
http://www.city.davis.ca.us/pcs/trees/master.cfm
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See also "Maximize Pedestrian Safety" for infoffi1ation on how shade prolongs durability
of sidewalks in many warm climates.
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RESOURCE EFFICIENCY
Credit: On-Site Power Generation ( 1 Point)
Intent
Reduce air, water, and land pollution from energy consumption and production by
increasing the efficiency of the power delivery system. Increase the reliability of power.
Requirements
I) Develop or incorporate into future project build out through CC&Rs or other
binding documents, on-site source(s) of power generation sufficient to meet at
least 5% of the energy needs of all building uses and commonly owned
infrastructure in the project.
Base energy demand is based on the allowable entitled area for the project, according to
the following categories:
Category 1: For non-residential buildings and residential buildings over 3 stories,
establish the budget based on a design of 15% below ASHRAE/IESNA Standard
90.1 - 1999 or 15% below the local energy code, whichever is more stringent.
Category 2: For residential buildings 3 stories or fewer, establish the budget
based on compliance with Energy Star requirements.
Calculations for total on-site energy can include future site or building-integrated systems
stipulated through CC&Rs or other binding documents.
Submittals
Provide the following:
1) The LEED Letter Template, signed by the responsible party, declaring that the
requirements have been met; and
2) a narrative describing the on-site power generation systems; and
3) calculations demonstrating the percentage of the project's total energy demand
supplied by the on-site power generation system(s); and
4) a copy of any CC&Rs or other binding documents.
88
I, 9 ;1
DRAFT ONLY 9/6/05
RESOURCE EFFICIENCY
Credit: On-Site Renewable Enen!v Sources (1 Point)
Intent
Reduce environmental impacts associated with fossil fuel energy generation by
increasing the use of on-site renewable energy sources.
Requirements
(1) Design and specify, or incorporate into future project build-out through CC&Rs
or other binding documents, the use of shared on-site nonpolluting renewable
energy generation technologies such as solar, wind, geothennal, low-impact
hydroelectric, and biomass to supply at least 5% of the total energy used by all
building uses and commonly owned infrastructure in the project.
Base energy demand is based on the allowable entitled area for the project, according to
the following categories:
Category 1: For non-residential buildings and residential buildings over 3 stories,
establish the budget based on a design of 15% below ASHRAE/IESNA Standard
90.1 - 1999 or 15% below the local energy code, whichever is more stringent.
Category 2: For residential buildings 3 stories or fewer, establish the budget
based on compliance with Energy Star requirements.
Calculations for total on-site energy can include future site or building-integrated systems
stipulated through CC&Rs or other binding documents.
Submittals
Provide the following:
I) The LEED Letter Template, signed by the responsible party, declaring that the
requirements have been met; and
2) a narrative describing the on-site renewable power generation systems; and
3) calculations demonstrating the percentage of the project's total energy demand
supplied by the on-site renewable power generation system(s); and
4) a copy of any relevant CC&Rs or other bindi!1g documents.
Sources & Resources
This credit was adapted from LEED-NC 2.1.
89
¡', 8 ()
, ' . ",
, , ¡ J
DRAFT ONLY 9/6/05
RESOURCE EFFICIENCY
Credit: Efficient Irri2ation (1 Point)
Intent
Conserve potable water.
Requirements
(1) For_common or public landscaped areas, reduce potable water consumption for
irrigation, except for initial watering to establish plants, by at least 50% compared
to conventional means through native plant selection, high-efficiency irrigation
technology, rainwater harvesting and/or greywater systems;
AND
stipulate CC&Rs or other binding documents to insure future compliance by
building owners-;-
Submittals
Provide the following:
1) The LEED Letter Template, signed by the responsible party, declaring that the
requirements have been met; and
2) a calculation of the percentage potable water consumption for site irrigation has
been reduced; and
3) a brief narrative of the equipment and/or plant selection; and
4) a copy of the CC&Rs or other binding documents.
Sources & Resources
This credit was adapted from LEED-NC 2.1.
90
!. C1 q
'. t., 0.,
DRAFT ONLY 9/6/05
DEFINITIONS
Adequate transit service - Adequate bus or light rail service is detìned as at least four
buses or trains per hour during peak periods. (See definition below) Adequate heavy rail
or ferry service is defined as at least 5 trains or ferries per weekday peak period.
Adjacent - Having at least 25% ofthe perimeter bordering something else.
Adjacent sites have 25% of their perimeter bordering land that has been previously
developed. (See definition below. Compare also to infill site, below.)
Area median income - Determined for each county and available from the U.S.
Department of Housing and Urban Development.
Buildable land - when used in density calculations, excludes:
· Public streets and other public rights of way
· Land occupied by nonresidential structures
· Land excluded from residential development by law or other prerequisites
of LEED-ND.
CC&Rs - Codes, Covenants, & Restrictions.
Development footprint - The entire building footprint, access roads and parking areas.
FAR - Floor Area Ratio.
Greywater - Defined by the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) as "untreated household
waste water which has not come into contact with toilet waste. Grey water includes used
water from bathtubs, showers, bathroom wash basins, and water from clothes-washer and
laundry tubs. It shall not include waste water from kitchen sinks or dishwashers." Some
states and local authorities allow kitchen sink wastewater to be included in greywater.
Project teams should comply with greywater definitions as established by the authority
having jurisdiction in their areas.
Infill site - A site having at least 75% of its perimeter bordering land that has been
previously developed. (See definition below. Compare also to adjacent site, above.).
In-holding - a privately owned parcel of land within the boundaries of a public preserve,
especially within a national park or national seashore (American Heritage)
Peak periods - 5:30 a.m. to 10:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m.
Previously developed - Having pre-existing paving, construction, or altered landscapes.
Land that is currently in agricultural use, forestry use, or is a preserved natural area is not
considered previously developed.
102
-' ""\ 'Ì
J. ,) I I
DRAFT ONL Y 9/6/05
Previously developed sites have at least 75% land which has been previously
developed.
Pre-project - Before the current LEED-ND applicant project was initiated, but (if the
land was developed or altered for a previous use) not before any development or
alteration took place. Describes conditions on the site as the current developer found
them.
Prime soils - soils with chemical, hydrographic and topological properties that make
them especially suited to the production of crops. The Natural Resources Conservation
Agency is responsible for identifying prime soils, and they make detailed soil surveys and
maps available for every county in the United States. All of the NRCS data are available
for download to GIS mapping programs.
Project - The land and construction that constitutes the basis for LEED-ND application.
Post-project - After the current LEED-ND applicant project is completed.
TND - Traditional Neighborhood Design/Development
Use type - individual use types include residential, retail, office. "Commercial" is not a
single use type.
Unique soils - soils with chemical, hydrographic and topological properties that make
them especially suited to specific crops. The Natural Resources Conservation Agency is
responsible for identifying unique soils, and they make detailed soil surveys and maps
available for every county in the United States. All of the NRCS data are available for
download to GIS mapping programs.
Wetlands - defined by the 1987 Anny Corps of Engineers Manual: "Those areas that are
inundated or saturated by surface or ground water at a frequency and duration sufficient
to support, and that under normal circumstances do support, a prevalence of vegetation
typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands generally include
swamps, marshes, bogs, and similar areas. "1)!1J'J.:/i~\!\'v~'v'v. \VL'tlémçl::;:~.ol11/rçg::;!tJpge02L':lili]1
Walking distance - the distance that a pedestrian must travel between destinations
without obstruction, in a safe and comfortable environment such as on sidewalks,
footpaths or other pedestrian facilities.
VMT - vehicle miles traveled.
103
1. (j,
APPENDIX C
Summary of Stakeholder Input
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APPENDIX II TO
REPORT PD 39-06
Pickering FCM Sustainable Neighbourhood Design Guidelines
Revised Work Plan, June 13, 2006
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REVISED WORKPLAN
JUNE 13, 2006
PICKERING FCM SUSTAINABLE NEIGHBOURHOOD DESIGN GUIDELINES
This workplan is divided into two sections. The first section (Project Background)
provides the project context as well as a brief summary of work completed to
date. The second section (Workplan Details for Remaining Tasks) provides a
description of the work to be completed as of May 2006.
1. PROJECT BACKGROUND:
In 2005, the City of Pickering commenced the Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan
(SNP) Project with the assistance of the Green Municipal Enabling Fund. The
City and its partners recognize the need to provide a solid foundation for future
development and to provide the leadership, guidance and support required to
make Pickering a sustainable city. This project is being run in parallel with the
Partners for Climate Protection (PCP) program.
A workplan for the Sustainable Neighbourhood Plan (SNP) was prepared in
November 2005. At that time the objective of the SNP was to identify a feasible
affordable and multi-stakeholder approach to sustainable community design that
could serve as a template for future development and that can apply to a
selected development area. A neighbourhood plan was to be developed as
Phase 3 of the City of Pickering Growth Management Study (GMS). The original
workplan for this study is included in Appendix A.
This original workplan involved the following steps:
1) Objective Setting and Project Start-up
2) Baseline Conditions and Sustainable Design Elements
3) Evaluation of Sustainability Levels for Subject Areas
4) Sustainability Concepts and Design Workshop
5) Preferred Concept and Reporting
Over the first six months of the project, the objectives of the project were
established and background information on sustainable neighbourhoods was
collected. A best practices report was prepared describing case studies on
sustainable community design. A list of objectives and strategies for sustainable
neighbourhoods was also created.
Based on this research, the outcomes of the project were refined to better reflect
the needs of Pickering. To reflect this new direction for the project, this revised
workplan has been prepared.
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In general, the new direction is focused on the preparation of generic guidelines
to be applied throughout the entire City rather than completing designs for a
specific neighbourhood.
The updated objectives of the Sustainable Neighbourhood Guidelines are to:
1. Identify a new approach to development;
2. Establish a practical set of guidelines for sustainable community design;
and
3. Work collaboratively with municipal staff, developers, residents, energy
providers, businesses and others to create far reaching, innovative
guidelines.
Through the Sustainable Neighbourhood Guidelines for Pickering, sustainability
principles and strategies with measurable criteria will be developed as the basis
for future development in Pickering.
The guidelines will include specific sustainable strategies and targets related to
community design, environmental preservation, as well as building design and
construction. Instead of preparing neighbourhood concepts, illustrations will be
used as examples to enhance the readability of the guideline document.
The framework for developing these guidelines was developed using LEED-ND
(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Neighbourhood Developments)
as a model. The LEED system, which is administered by the Canada Green
Building Council in Canada, has previously been applied to green building design
and multi-unit residential buildings and is based on accumulating points for a
prescribed list of criteria. The rating system is divided into 'Credits' and
'Prerequisites', and typically consists of a few prerequisites and many credits. To
be certified a project must meet all the prerequisites as well as a certain number
of credits, which are optional but contribute to the total points. A certain point
total is required for LEED certification and higher point scores are required for
silver, gold and platinum certification.
The LEED-ND rating system is an emerging program being tested in the USA to
develop a set of standards for neighbourhood location and design based on the
principles of smart growth, urbanism and green building. LEED-ND is aimed at
improving land-use patterns, neighbourhood design and technology and is based
on four categories: Location Efficiency; Environmental Preservation; Compact,
Complete & Connected Neighbourhoods; and Resource Efficiency.
As part of the development of the framework, the objectives and strategies of the
LEED-ND system were reviewed at a stakeholder workshop (Workshop #2) to
determine their applicability in Pickering and which strategies should be required
or optional. Discussions regarding targets for the strategies were also initiated at
the workshop.
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As of May 2006, the remaining steps for the revised project are:
1) Target Setting; and
2) Recommendations and Reporting
A detailed description of these new tasks is provided below. Note that the steps
of the project that have already been completed based on the original workplan
are not described in this revised document. For reference, the original workplan
as well as a table summarizing the status and changes to the workplan is
provided in Appendix A.
It should also be noted that although the total budget for the project will not
change from $204,000, the tasks within the budget have been modified to reflect
the new direction of the project. A summary of the budget that has been used as
of the end of April and the budget that is left is present below in Table 1. A
detailed break-down of the budget is presented in Table 2 a and b.
T bl 1 B d t S
a e u IQe ummary
Fees
Work Completed As of April 30, 2006 $ 134,363
Work Remaining As of April 30, 2006 $106,502
Total Project Budget $240,865
2. WORKPLAN DETAILS FOR REMAINING TASKS (as of Mav 2006):
2.1 TARGET SETTING
Timeline: April 2006 - July 2006
Target setting will be conducted for the required and optional strategies for the
guidelines. The methodology used to create the targets is presented below.
2.1.1 Review Case Studies and Best Practices
Information from case studies and best practices will be used in the target setting
process. Example programs will be reviewed to determine best practices for
existing communities that have been successful in implementing sustainable
strategies. The targets from these existing developments\buildings will be
compared to the proposed LEED-ND targets and a proposed target will be
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developed based on this comparison. Some follow-up discussions with
proponents regarding their experience with implementation will also be
undertaken. A working draft will be produced and submitted to City staff for
review, in consultation with consulting team. A revised draft will be produced.
2.1.2 Illustrations
Where appropriate, illustrations including maps and figures will be used to
describe the visible and "invisible" sustainability features described in some of
the strategies and targets (i.e. including the "visible" urban design, and the
"invisible" building envelope and infrastructure characteristics). Local Pickering
examples will be included.
These illustrations will be prepared prior to technical team meetings, which will
be used to review the proposed Pickering targets, so that the concepts can be
used as a visual display in the meetings.
2.1.3 Technical Team Meetings
Starting with the revised draft strategies and targets, technical teams with
expertise in a specific area will be created to further assist in the development of
the targets. The teams will include individuals with proven experience in the
specified field as well as staff from the City, a technical support person from the
consulting team and other agency representatives such as the Region or
conservation authorities, as appropriate. Eight to ten meetings are expected.
Groups will be established to address topics including:
1) Community Design;
2) Buildings (Residential and Commercial);
3) Natural Environment;
4) Transportation; and
5) Utilities.
2.1.4 Target Setting
The project team will use information from case studies, as well as input from
technical team meetings, and existing policies to establish final draft targets for
the strategies.
2.1.5 Develop Regulatory Parameters/Policies
Where applicable, regulatory implications of the strategies and targets will be
identified. For example, any approvals needed by other agencies will be
identified.
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2.1.6 Implementation Strategies
The general approach that will be required to implement the guidelines will be
proposed. A detailed implementation plan will not be prepared, however, the
tools that the City can use to implement the guidelines will be suggested (e.g. a
particular strategy could be included as policy in an Official Plan amendment,
Secondary Plan or in a zoning by-law).
2.1.8 Consultation
The step will include Project Team meetings and technical team meetings. These
meetings will be used to identify specific targets and to confirm the list of
strategies.
2.1.9 Products
· Documentation of proposed targets and implementation approach for
Pickering including case study summary.
· Documentation of technical team meetings.
2.2 RECOMMENDATIONS & REPORTING
Timeline: AUQust 2006 - September 2006
Pickering-specific Sustainable Neighbourhood Guidelines will be prepared using
the strategies and targets for required and optional items. The guideline will be
prepared as a stand-alone document and will be similar to the LEED-ND format,
with the detailed target for each strategy described. Where possible, illustrations
will be included. The implementation process will be described in the document
and will include a proposed point system.
The guideline will be presented to the Project Team for final input/revisions.
Subsequently, a public open house/workshop/event will be held with
recommendations shown on displays to obtain input on the guidelines.
2.2.1 Interim and Final Report
An interim report will be prepared for June 2006. The report will be updated in
September and prepared as a final report. The guideline document will be
included as an appendix to this report. The report will include:
· Description and summary of stakeholder feedback;
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· Case study summary
· Methodology used to develop guidelines (including summary of input from
technical teams);
· Proposed Implementation Approach.
2.2.2 Consultation
The following meetings will be held in order to obtain feedback on the final draft
strategies and targets:
· Project Team meetings (2)
· Public Open House
· Council briefing (2)
· Technical Team meetings as needed
2.2.3 Products
· An interim and final report documenting the Sustainable Design
Guidelines and their application in Pickering.
2.3 ONGOING PROJECT MANAGEMENT
Re-evaluate Workplan and Budget
The workplan and budget will be reevaluated based on the using LEED-ND as a
model to develop SNP guidelines in Pickering.
Products
· Documentation of changes to the Work Plan/Budget.
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Appendix A - Original Workplan
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Appendix A-I.
Corn arison of Nov. Work Plan and Pro osed Work Plan Status/Chan es
Nov. 3 WORK PLAN STATUS AND PROPOSED CHANGES
1. Ob 'ective Settin and Pro 'ect Start-u
-objectives -completed including decision to use generic
-land use structure neighbourhood study area and 15t Y2 day workshop
-approach and criteria for screening
-study area
-1/2 da worksho
2. Baseline Conditions and Sustainable Desi n Elements
-baseline conditions for conventional -design elements identified
design -some work on baseline conditions complete but more
-identify sustainable design elements discussion needed if comparison to base case will be
(long list/short list) needed/helpful
-consultation with project team -decision to use LEED-ND as starting point for list of
elements
3. Evaluation of Sustain ability Levels CHANGED TO Evaluation and Framework
Develo ment
-evaluation framework
-evaluation and interdisciplinary
reVIew
-evaluation framework identified (LEED-ND)
_2nd workshop completed as starting point for evaluating
strategies and targets
-work required to confirm optional and required
strategies.
- consolidate objectives where possible
- identify targets based on stakeholder feedback and case
studies.
- the case studies will involve reviewing best practices
from existing projects that are leaders in one or all of the
LEED-ND categories (energy, connectedness etc.)
- foclls for identifying targets will be on prerequisites I st
-two target levels could be proposed - one as the initial
start-u tar et and the final nei hbourhood desi n
4. Sustainabili Conce ts CHANGED TO Tar et Settin
-illustrate 2 sustainability concepts - design workshop completed as a part of determining
-design workshop base line conditions and sustainable design elements;
-targeted stakeholder consultation - detailed review and refinement by City staff.
-illustrations still to be done for sustainable features and
not a neighbourhood
-technical team meetings needed to identify targets and
confirm list of strategies. Groups will be created to focus
on different cate ories of the uidelines.
ortin
-all yet to be done
5. Recommendations and Re
-preferred concept description
- final report
-open house
-Council briefin
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November 3, 2005 Workplan
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ArT ACHMENT I / TO
REPORT I PO ~~q - ob
Figure 1
Illustration of Framework Combining Prerequisite and Optional Performance Measures
to Achieve Different Sustainability Ratings
I---~------~--~-~-----
Number and
I Quality of
Measures to
be Met
-~-_.~~---_.-----
t
Increasing
t
t
All
r---------- __~h_ --- --..
SUSTAINABILITY
LEV E L
~-----"'-'-~------'._------~-'-----------~'.'-----------.---,------_.~-~.~-
Platinum
Gold
Silver
Certified