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HomeMy WebLinkAboutApril 22, 2002PICKERING AGENDA FINANCE & OPERATIONS COMMITTEE Anne Greentree Supervisor, Legislative Services APRIL 22, 2002 Finance & Operations Committee Meeting Monday, April 22, 2002 1:30 p.m. Chair: Councillor McLean ADOPTION OF MINUTES Meeting of March 25, 2002 DELEGATIONS The Chair shall ask if there are any persons who wish to address an item on the agenda MATTERS FOR CONSIDERATION OPE}CATIONS & EMERGENC'f SERVICES REPORT OES 017-02 DURHAM REGION WEST NILE VIRUS RESPONSE PLAN TO FINAL D1C&FT DECEMBER 2001 PAGE 1-72 OPERATIONS & EMERGENCY SERVICES REPORT OES 009-02 AMENDMENT TO REGIONAL MUNICIPALITIES ACT 73-78 OPERATIONS & EMERGENCY SERVICES REPORT OES 015-02 AMENDMENT OF PARKING BY-LA\V 2350,87 CHIPMUNK STREET ADJACENT TO FRENCHMAN'S BAY PUBLIC SCHOOL pEPPERWOOD GATE ADJACENT TO VALLEY FRM PUBLIC SCHOOL 79-85 OPERATIONS & EMERGENCY SERVICES REPORT OES 014-02 TO REVISE THE LOAD LIMITS OF ANY VEH1CLE OR ANY CLASS THEREOF PASSING OVER A BRIDGE 86-102 PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT REPORT PD 19-02 CITY OPTION TO PURCHASE LANDS FROM MARIN~VOOD HOLDINGS, SOUTH-EAST OF 'CANOE LANDING' CONDOMINIUM TOWNHOUSE DEVELOPMENT SOUTH OF BEGLEY STREET~ ADJACENT TO FRENCHM.~N'S BAY 103-109 OPERATIONS & EMERGENCY SERVICES REPORT OES 010-02 ROADS BOUNDARY ROAD MAINTENANCE AGREEMENTS AJAX/UXBR1DGE/TORONTO 110-123 Finance & Operations Committee Meeting Monday, April 22, 2002 1:30 p.m. Chair: Councillor McLean OPERATIONS & EMERGENCY SER\;ICES REPORT OES 018-02 PARK & PLAYGROUND CONSTRUCTION VAR1OU S LOC ATIONS To Be Circulated Under Separate Cover OPERATIONS & EMERGENCY SERVICES REPORT OES 019-02 PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENT BEACHFRONT PARK To Be Circulated Under Separate Cover {IV) CONFIDENTIAL MATTERS FOR CONSIDERATION For Council to consider an Ontario Municipal Board case To Be Circulated Under Separate Cover For Council to consider a Land Development ,Agreement. To Be Circulated Under Separate Cover STAFF ITEMS FOR DISCUSSION OTHER BUSINESS ADJOURNMENT RECOMMENDATION OF THE FINANCE & OPERATIONS CONISIITIEE DATE MOVED That Report OES 017-02 from the Dix'ision Head. N1unicipal Property& Engineering, be received: and - ~ ~ ]'hat the Durham Region West Nile \'irus Response Plan be received tbr intbrmation and tile Region of Durham be so adxised: and That tile City of Picketing. Operations & Emergency Services Department appoint a stab representative to the Durham Region West Nile \Mrs Preparedness Committee: and That Durham Region be advised that the City of Pickerin~ considers the surveillance. control and prevention aspects o1-' \\est Nile \'irus to be th~responsibility of the Region of Durham's Health Department. and that a Reaional response program is the most effective means to ensure a consistent approach thrc~ughout the Region REPORT TO COUNCIL FROM: Richard W. Holborn, P. Eng. Division Head Municipal Property & Engineering DATE: April 10, 2002 REPORT NUMBER: OES 017-02 SUBJECT: Durham Region West Nile Virus Response Plan Final Draft December 2001 RE COMMENDATION: That Report OES 017-02 from the Division Head, Municipal Property & Engineering be received That the Durham Region West Nile Virus Response Plan be received tbr intbnnation and the Region of Durham be so advised That the City of Picketing? Operations & Emergency Services Department appoint a staff representative to the Durham Region West Nile Virus Preparedness Committee That Durham Region be advised that the City of Picketing considers the surveillance. control and prevention aspects of West Nile Virus to be the responsibility of the Region of Durham's Health Department, and that a Regional response program is the most effective means to ensure a consistent approach throughout the Region ORIGIN: Letter from Dr. Robert Kyle, Commissioner & Medical Officer of Health, December 20, 2001 Durham Region dated AUTHORITY: FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS: The costs associated with staff representation of the Durham Region West Nile Virus Preparedness Committee and efforts required to report dead sentinel birds are not significant and are of minimal concern. However, the Plan suggests that area municipalities identify and map mosquito breeding sites on municipal property of which in Pickering's case, the resources are not available. The plan also requires area municipalities to implement and administer mosquito abatement programs for source reduction and vector control and implement public education on mosquito abatement activities depending on the response category level. The costs associated with these activities are unkno~vn and funds are not budgeted for such activities. City of Pickering staff are of the opinion that these costs are to be incurred and funded by higher levels of government such as the Region, Province or Federal government. Report to Council OES 017-02 Subject: Durham Region \Vest Nile \'irus Response Plan Final Draft December 20()1 Date: April 16, 2002 Page 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: BACKGROUND: West Nile Virus (WNV) causes a viraI disease and is spread to humans bv mosquitoes. The majority of individuals infected have mild or no s>qnptoms, hex\ ex'er, thc case-fatality rate can be as high as 15 per cent in hospitalized cases. Thc elderh, those v, ith chronic medical conditions and imnmnoconlpromised individuals are most severely affected by \VNV. Young children have also been afl'ectcd itl outbreaks outside of North America. WNV was first identified in tile Western Hemisphere in New York City ill 1999. If and when \VNV will afl'ect humans itl Ontario is uncertain. A factor that may increase tile risk to humans is the density of virus in non-truman species t i.e.. birds, mosquitoes, and horses). On August 22, 2001, the first WNV positive birds xxcr'e identilTcd in Windsor and Oakville, Ontario. Thc first positive bird in Durham Region \vas submitted on :\uuust 29. 2001. in 2001, 5 WNV positive birds were confirnled itl Durham Region. all in the~]-own of Whitby. In Ontario. thc 2001 surveillance yielded about 121 positixe birds in 12 health units and positive mosquito findings in Peel Region and \Vindsor. The aft'ected health units cluster in Southwestern Ontario with Durham Region tile most eastcrtv affected health unit. It is certainly possible that there could be human cases of WNV itl the summer ot'2002. In response to the above, tile Region of Durham's Heahh Departnlent has put together a Durham Region West Nile Virus Preparedness Committee to discuss tile progress of the presence of West Nile Virus in the Region o~' Durham. develop a response plan. and clarify roles and responsibilities of the Region of Durham and the area municipalities. On May 23, 2001, the Regional Council directed the Committee to prepare a response plan. A Final Draft, December 2001 is attached to this report and file Re,ion of Durham has asked municipalities to review it and bring it to tile attention of area municil;-al coumcils lbr approval. The plan defines the roles of both thc Region and area municipalities with respect to West Nile Virus sum'eillance, control and prevention. Generally speaking, tile expectation is that the Region shall take a lead role in West Nile Virus su~'eillance and communication, and the area municipalities will take a lead role in source reduction and vector control activities. It is expected that the Province and Region would provide medical, legal and technical support. It is the opinion of Pickering staff that dox~nloading responsibilities of source reduction and vector control through mosquito abatement {larvacide or adulticide) is premature and unacceptable. This disease, and the control of it. is purely a medical issue and health issue, to be dealt with on a consistent larger scale by the Region and the Provincial and Federal governments. Area municipalities should cooperate and assist where possible and practical, but not be required to control or fired any activities. Most, it' not all municipalities on the committee either through their council or through staff' arc x oicing a similar response. The Durham Region West Nile Virus Response Plan attached to this report, should be received for information. Tile City of Picketing should maintain active membership on the Durham Region West Nile Virus Preparedness Committee to act as a liason betxveen tile Region and tile City and report matters of significance to City Council. The City of Picketing shall continue to cooperate with the reporting of dead seminal birds as it did in 20()1. The Re,ion o1' Durham should be advised that it is premature lbr the City of Pickenn~ to take on additional roles and responsibilities as outlined in the response plan and that tt~ City is not prepared to fhnd mosquito abatement pro.ams. Report to Council OES 017-02 Subject: Durham Region West Nile Virus Response Plan Final Draft December 2001 Date: April 16, 2002 Page 3 ATTACHMENTS: Letter from Dr. Robert Kyle Durham Region West Nile Virus Response Plan Prepared By: Hol~/rn, P. Eng Dix)i'sion Head, Municipal Property & I ,( 'OUN('IL OES4) I ?-02.docApr-02 Attachments Cop>': Chief Administrative Officer City Clerk Engineering Approved / Endorsed By: Everett Buntsma Director, Operations & Emergency Services Recommended for the consideration of Picketing City Council -~------'~/~ .4 ~ ~.. ~ , /. .~ / ,'. :~o~as J. Quinn, ,5]/hief Adm'~mistra~ Offic& December 20. 2001 ATTAC, ,~'~, Mr. Tom Ouinn Chief Administrative Officer City of Pickering 1 The Esplanade Picketing, ON L1V6K7 The Regional Municipality of Durham HEALTH DEPARTMENT Head Office 1615 Dundas Street Easl Suite 210 Whitby, Ontarro Canada L1N2L1 f905~ 723-8521 Fax: (905~ 723-6026 Tor: (905'~ 686-2740 Fncl. jbr OUt' CO31AIL,WITY" Dear Mr. Quinn: RE: West Nile V~rus Res2onse Plan As directed by the Regional Council on May 23, 2001, on behalf of the Durham Region West Nile Virus Preparedness Committee (DRWNVPC), I am pleased to forward to you the final (:raft of the Durnarn Region West Nile Virus Response Plan. I would appreciate t f your municipahty wouid review the plan and bring if to me attention of your Council for approval. As you can see. the Dursose of the plan ;s to define the respective roles of the Region of Durham and the area municipalities with respect to West Nile Virus (WNV) surveit once control and prevention. In general, the plan envisages that the Region shat lead WNV surveillance and communications activities and the area municipalities shal lead source reduction and vector control activities.. As regards these latter acuwt, es. the Region and the Province shall provide medical, legal and omar technical SUDDOrt as required. Moreover, appropriate reference materials SUCh as Health Canada's Mu/::c/pa/ Mosquito Control Guidelines shall guide these acWities. To coordinate t~ese activities and share information, it is proposed that a Durham Reg on West Ni e V~rus Response Committee, similar in nature to the DRWNVPC. oe struck. -he Region's Commissioner & Medical Officer of Health or his designate is prepared to chair the Committee and the Region ~s willing to sponsor tne Committee. In closing, after your Council nas considered the plan, please forward its decision and the accompanying staff report., including suggestions for improvement to Annette taferriere (annctte.lafcrriore ~ re~ion.durham.un.ca}. After we have received responses from all area municipalities, the information shall be collated and a staff report preparea for me consideration of the RegionaI Council. Finally, many thanks for appointing a representatn,'e for the DRWNVPC. Preparation of the plan woula have seer msossibte without tne_con?ibutions and wise counsel of R MD MHSc. CCFP, FRCPC '-: ~ .... ~ -~ ~ ~/(2~ Commissioner & Medical Officer of Hea',th~'~COPY/OIROU~TE TO: Regional Chai~ Roger Anderson ~:,~ ~ Regional Counc or ZS~ O'CoRRo~ '~% .... J Mayor Wayne Adhurs ~ . ..... DURHAM REGION WEST NILE RESPONSE PLAN VIRUS FINAL DRAFT DECEMBER 2001 Prepared by: Durham Region West Nile Virus Preparedness Committee ATTACHMENT # ~..~__TO REPORT # D~._.._.~ o I DURHAM REGION WEST NILE VIRUS RESPONSE PLAN F~nal Draft, 1.0 GENERAL 1.1. Background 1.1.1 .West Nile Virus (WN'¥ causes a viral disease and is spread to humans by mosquitoes. The majorit: of individuais infected have mild or no symptoms, however, the case-fataiib.' rate can be as high as !5 per cent in hospitalized cases. The elderly, those '¢,'itn chronic medical conditions and immunocompromised individuals are most severely affected bl, WNV. Young children have also been affected in outereaks ou;side of North America. WNV was first identified in the Western Hemisphere in New York City in 1999. If and when WNV will affect humans Jn Ontario is uncertain. A factor that may increase the risk to humans is the density of virus in non-human species (i.e., birds, mosquitoes, and horses). 1.1.2.On August 22, 2001, the first WNV positive ~irds were identified in Windsor and Oakville, Ontario. The first positive bird in Durham Region was submitted on August 29, 2001. in 2001,5WN/, positive birds were confirmed in Durham Region, all in the Town of Whitby. In Ontario, the 2001 surveillance yielded about 121 positive birds in 12 r~ealth units ann pcsitive mosquito findings in Peel Region and Windsor. The affected heaith units cJuster in Southwestern Ontario with Durham Region the most easterly affected health unit. It is certainly possible that there could be human cases of WNV in the summer of 2002. 1.2. Aim 1.2.1.The aim of this plan is to ensure that there is an effective response to the presence of WNV in the Region. 1.3. Objectives 1.3.1 .The objectives of the response plan are: · to limit the impact of WNV on human health · to reduce the availability of mosquito breeding grounds · to educate the public about personal protective measures · to provide timely, authoritative information on WNV to health professionals, the public and the media ° to employ the principles of Integrated Pest Management (tPM) to reduce the risk that mosquitoes could pose to humans. 1.4. Scope 1.4.1.This plan outlines the coordinated actions to be taken for the protection of the life and health of the citizens of the Region due to WNV. 1.4.2.This plan applies to Durham Region Health and Works Departments and the local area municipalities. Page 1.5. Legal Powers 1.5.1 .The Associate/Medical Officer of Health under the Health Protection and Promotion Act (HPPA), R.S.O. 199©, have the authority to control communicable diseases and the power to identify, reduce or eliminate health hazards. In addition, public health inspectors also have the authority to identify, reduce or eliminate health hazards. 1.5.2.The Re.qional Chai~r, under the Emergency Plans Act, R.S.O. 1990, may declare that an emergency exists in the Region or any part thereof and may take action and make orders as he considers necessary to protect the property and the health, safety and welfare of the citizens. 1.5.3.Every municipal council may pass such by-laws and make such regulations for the health, safety, morality and welfare of the inhabitants of the municipality in matters not specifically provided for in the Municipal Act 2.0 REGIONAL PLANNING BASIS 2.1. Regional Risk Assessment 2.1.1.To understand the magnitude of the problem and to develop response plans, estimates of the potential impact of WNV entering Durham Region need to be made. No one can accurately predict when the first human case of WNV will occur, nor can one accurately forecast who will become ill and suffer adverse health outcomes. However, the statistics in recent outbreaks can be used to estimate impacts. Since 1994, WNV appears to have increased in virulence. This is demonstrated by an increased number of outbreaks, an increase in the number/severity of human cases, and an increase in avian mortality with human outbreaks (see Appendix A for a list of recent WNV outbreaks reported worldwide). 2.1.2.1n the United States, the number of serious human cases has remained Iow relative to the population. In 1999 there were 61 cases in New York City. In 2000 there were 21 cases in 3 states and in 2001, there were approximately 54 cases in 9 states. Data for the first 2 years demonstrates a case fatality rate of 10 to 11% for hospitalized cases. It is well known that only a minority of humans who are infected with WNV develop symptoms. An estimate of less than 1% who are infected will develop severe symptoms. Currently there is no human vaccine against WNV and no specific treatment. The use of Integrated Pest Management to reduce the availability of mosquito breeding sites will reduce the risk mosquitoes could pose to humans. 2.2. Regional Planning Basis 2.2.1.Human cases of WNV may affect all of Durham Region and Ontario. For planning purposes, it is assumed that: · other than providing consultative services (and laboratory testing of specimens), there wilt be little or no direct financial assistance from the Province of Ontario or Health Canada · little or no direct assistance will be provided by neighbouring municipalities, the Province or Health Canada. Durham Region West Nile Virus Respons~'F~~F~7~; Draft ~'- Page 3 the Region of Durham and the area mun~cisaiiiies must plan to respond to the presence of WNV sn their own, using tnei~ own resources. 3.0 REGIONAL RESPONSE ORGANIZATION 3.1. General 3.1.1.For outbreaks of dsease and management of cases arc contacts tine Durham Region Health Departmen; (DRHD) responcs thrOUgh the provision of trained personnel in the En'.ironmenta; Health and Pu31ic Health Nursing and Nutrition Divisions. 3.1.2.Under the authority of Regional Council, the DRHD nas coordinated a Durham Region West Nile Virus Preparecaess Committee (DRWNVPC). This Committee is comprised of Regional, municipal, conservation authority and public representatives. This Committee has developed the West Nile Virus Response Plan. The terms of reference for this committee as well as membership are listed in Appendices B1 and B2. 3.1.3.A Durham Region West Nile Virus Response Committee (DRWNVRC) comprised of Regional, municipal and conservation authority representatives shall be established to co-ordinate WNV response activities in Durham Region. The DRWNVRC shall be sponsored bv the DRHD. 3.1.4.The DRHD shall lead the communication of information on WNV to the public, health professionals and Regionai,.mumc~pal/consen,'ation authority/district school board staff. The Associate/Medical Officer of Health shall be the lead spokespersononWNV. The DRHD shall be assisted in it's communications by the area municipalities, conservation authorities and district school boards. 3.2. Departmental Operations 3.2.1 .The DRHD shall: · coordinate sentinel bird surveiiian~e · conduct adult mosquito sun, eitiance · investigate human cases of WNV and report to the Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC) · maintain an inventory of the mun~c'pa! maps identifiying mosquito breeding sites · sponsor meetings of the DRWNVRC · provide advice, guidance or direction to the area municipalities on mosquito abatement The Durham Region Works Department (DRWD) shall; · produce an inventory of areas of stagnant water on Regional property · reduce or eliminate mosquito breeding sites on Regional property · administer and implement a mosquito iarvaciding or adulticiding program on mosquito breeding sites on Regiona~ property as required The Durham District School Board, me Durham Catholic District School Board, the Kawartha Pine Ridge District School Board and the Peterborough-Victoria- Northumberland-Ciarington Catholic District School Board shall: Durham Region West Nile Virus Response pl~i~al Draft Page 4 · reduce or eliminate mosquito breeding sites on school board property where appropriate 3.3. Municipal Operations. 3.3.1 .The area municipalities shall: · report dead sentinel birds to the DRHD · identify and map potential mosquito breeding sites on municipal property · have representation on the DRWNVRC · administer and implement a mosquito abatement program in accordance with Health Canada's Municipal Mosquito Control Guidelines (see Appendix C). 4.0 PLAN IMPLEMENTATION 4.1. Notification 4.1.1.The DRHD shall notify other Regional departments, area municipalities, conservation authorities, district school boards and the health community. 4.1.2.Information on WNV may come from many sources including the MOHLTC and Health Canada. 4.1.3.Levels: There are four levels or response categories in Durham Region for WNV: · Level 1. WNV Warning: No evidence of WNV in Durham Region but activity possible or probable. · Level 2. WNV Sentinel Alert: Confirmed presence of WNV in sentinel species in neighbouring health units · Level 3, WNV Sentinel Confirmed: Confirmed presence of WNV in sentinel species in Durham Region · Level 4. WNV Case Confirmed: One or more confirmed human cases of WNV in Durham Region. 4.1.4.Notification Procedures · The MOH or his designate shall contact DRWD and the municipalities and advise which level of notification should be implemented. · The DRHD shall notify the Regional Chair, Health & Social Services Committee and C.A.O., as required to update significant changes in the level of response. · The DRHD shall be responsible for notifying the health care providers and for issuing media release(s) to the general population. 4.2. Response Actions 4.2.1 .Actions to be undertaken at each level of notification are outlined below: 4.2.2.LEVEL 1: "WNV Warning" - No evidence of WNV in Durham Region but activity is possible or probable. Durham Region West Nile Virus Response ~F~na/, Draft - ~r~b. Page 5 The DRHDsnai: · coilect aha submit sentinei b~rds tc the Canadian Co-operative Wildlife Health Centre for WNV analysis · record reported s~gntings of dead sentinel ~ras and fonvard ihe report forms to the Canadian Co-operative ",%,'iidlife Health Centre· · develop protocols for the sentinel bir~ sightings and the collection of dead birds reported by' tine public (these protocols ,,viii be based upon Health Canada and IV,©H&LTC documents.) The area munic~paiities shall; · report any dead sentinel birds found cn municipal land · store any deae sentinel birds that the public may bring in at their animal control centres and inform the DRHD to arrange for submission for WNV analysis · respond to pubiic reports of ill sentinel birds and possibly euthanize birds for WNV testing as necessary. · refer calls about dead sentinel birds to the DRHD 1.I Surveillance - Mosquitoes: The DRHD shall: · distribute educational material on WNV, mosquito breeding and stagnant water to property owners in response to public complaints regarding stagnant water on private and public property · refer complaints regarding stagnant water on private property to municipalities · collect maps of municipa! and regionai mosquito breeding sites The area municipalities shall: · identify potential mosauito breeding sites, and create an inventory of these along with specification of size, location, drainage and ownership · provide the DRHD with a map of potential mosquito breeding grounds within their jurisdiction. B) Source Reduction: The DRHD shall: · provide educational materials to the public on ho~v to eliminate and avoid creating mosquito breeding sites on their properties in order to reduce the risk of exposure to WNV · encourage Regional and municipal departments to eliminate potential mosquito breeding sites using fact sheets and information exchange at meetings of the West Nile Virus Response Committee The area municipalities shall: · eliminate/remediate mosquito breeding sites on municipal property Durham Region West Nile Virus Respons~l~n/'- Final Draft Page The DRWD shall: · eliminate/remediate mosquito breeding sites on Regional property C) Vector Control: The DRHD shall: · gather information and resources on mosquito abatement The area municipalities shall: · prepare for mosquito abatement D) Communication/Education: The DRHD shall: · enhance and maintain information on WNV on the Region's web site · inform the public through media releases · develop fact sheets for distribution throughout the Region · ensure that information on WNV is included in various Regional publications · respond to public inquiries · provide clinical information on WNV to the health professionals and the health community · make presentations on WNV upon request 4.2.3.LEVEL 2: "WNV Sentinel Alert" - Confirmed presence of WNV in neighbouring health units. As in Level 1 plus: A) Surveillance: The DRHD shall: · remind hospitals and infection control practitioners of the human WNV surveillance protocol remind the public via a media release of the importance of reporting dead sentinel birds to the DRHD and keep them up-to-date re: WNV in Ontario implement mosquito surveillance B) Source Reduction: The DRHD shall: · enhance information (if appropriate) on source reduction in areas adjacent to where positive birds were found via media release · provide information upon request regarding source reduction · assist the area municipalities in mosquito abatement The area municipalities shall: · review and, where appropriate, implement mosquito abatement activities Durham Region West Nile Virus Resp~an - Final Draft Vector Control: Page 7 The area municipalities shall: · review and, where appropriate, implement mosquito aoatement activities D) Communication/Ed ucation: The DRHD shall; · enhance public education focusing on personal protective measures and source reduction around the home · enhance outreach to health professionais and the health community including a focus on human WNV sur,'eillance The area municipalities shall: prepare and distribute information on vector control options 4.2.4.LEVEL 3 "WNV Sentinei Confirmed"; Confirmed presence of WNV in sentinel species in Durham Region As in Level 2 plus: A) Surveillance: The DRHD shall: · enhance adult mosquito surveillance within a 5 km radius around the site where a WNV positive bird was found. The area municipalities shall: begin mosquito larvae surve,,s in potential mosquito breeding sites in the Spring of 2002 when weather conditions are favourabte to the development of mosquito larvae (see Appendix C) B) Source Reduction: The area municipalities shall: · promote elimination of mosquito breeding sites, particularly within a 5 km radius where a positive WNV bird was found. C) Vector Control: The area municipalities shall: · implement mosquito abatement activities in consultation with the Associate/Medical Officer of Health and in accordance with applicable legislation · begin mosquito larval surveys and map potential larval breeding sites when favourable weather conditions exist Plan - Final Draft Durham Region West Nile Virus Response ~cri{~? D) Communication/Education: The DRHD shall: · increase distribution of WNV information to the public Page The area municipalities shall: · increase public education about accordance with applicable legislation mosquito abatement activities in 4.2.5.Level 4: "WNV Case Confirmed"- A confirmed case of human WNV in Durham Region As in Level 3, plus: A) Surveillance: The area municipalities shall: · evaluate the effectiveness of mosquito abatement activities B) Source Reduction: The area municipalities shall: o implement mosquito abatement Associate/Medical Officer of Health activities in consultation with the c) Vector Control: The DRHD shall: · implement mosquito abatement Associate/Medical Officer of Health activities in consultation with the D) Communication/Education: The DRHD shall: · alert the public about a human case(s) of WNV and emphasize personal protection and early detection of human WNV messages · alert health professionals and the health community about a human case(s) of WNV · enhance meetings of the DRWNVRC to exchange mosquito abatement information The area municipalities shall: human health and · continue to education the public about mosquito abatement activities Recent VCNV Outbreak Summary Appendix 15 Algeria 1994: Romania 1996; Morocco 1996: Tunisia ! 997; Italy 1998; Israel 2000; France 2000; Russia 1999: USA 1999; USA 2000; USA 2001; 60 human cases. S deaths (CFR = -400 hospitalised cases. I7 deaths, est. cases 12 1005)00: continue to have -10 per )'ear with CFR = i3'o 1 human case. :--inorscs 173 cases. 8 deaths [CFR= 5% ). --horses 4-~horses 400+ cases. 29 deaths (CFR = ?,~), ----geese ?:o cases -900 human cases, t4 deaths, 0.~--8° ~ seroposSth'e, fCFR>8%), ticks, birds, mosquitoes 61 cases. 7 deaths ilCFR = 11%). serope~'aience - 2-3%, crows, mosquitoes 21 cases. 2 deaths (CFR = t0%) ~32 cases (as of Oct 24, 2001), 1 death tCFR = Durham Region West Nile Virus Preparedness Committee (DRWNVPC) Terms of Reference Purpose of Committee The Durham Region West Nile Virus Preparedness Committee (DRWNVPC) is a local ad hoc conLmittee which will develop a comprehensive plan to effectively respond to the occurrence of West Nile Virus. The plan is to be finalized by December 2001, and submitted to the members prospective principles als for approval and implementation in t!w spring of 2002 subject to the epidemiology of WNV in 2001. The committee will be sponsored by the Region of Durham Health Department. Membership Membership of the DR'~¥2'iVPC shall consist of the following: Representatives: Town of Ajax: 1 representative Township of Brock: 1 representative Municipality of Clarington: 1 representative Ci9? of Oshawa: 1 representative City of Picketing: 1 representative Township of Scugog: 1 representative Township of Uxbridge: 1 representative Town ofWhitby: 1 representative Toronto and Region Conservation Authori~ Ministry of the Environment Durham Region Health Department Durham Region Works Department Durham Emergency Measures Office Durham Environmental Network *Canadian Food Inspection Agency *Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs *Ministry of Natural Resources * Advisors to the committee · Additional representatives may be invited to participate on the conm~ittee. The total number of committee members wilt be approximately 15-20 individuals who will provide a balanced perspective from a wide range of stakeholders advising and assisting in the development and completion of a Durham Region West Nile Virus Action Plan. The roles and responsibilities of the committee members are to be detailed in the Action Plan. 0£~ o: -7 -O Z 5Ieetings: Work on the p]an wilt be conducted through a var:crv of communication channels including written cozTespondence, telept:one and c-n2ail, idoweve/, regular monthly meetings will be needed throughout the development of the plan. :~dviso~' representatives to Lite committee arc not required to attend each nqeeting, un]ess specifically invited. The Region of Durham will prepare and distribute aze~2das and record and distribute documents to the members. "APPENDIX B - 2" DURHAM REGION WEST NILE VIRUS PREPAREDNESS COMMITTEE MEMBERSHIP NAME Judy Ave~-Brock Twp. Jim Clark-CFIA Emma Followes-M2'4R ~iVince Gibbens Town of V~rhitb¥ - Fred ttorvath/Phil Broome N I unici~Jj_ty of Clayin___gton Ivan Ciuciura-DEMO Zcott Jarvie-Toronto and Region Conservation Authority Robert Kyle (M.O.H.) Durham Region Health Dept. TELEPHONE/FAX (705)432-2355 Ext. 242 (519)837-9400/ (519)837-9773 (905)713-7404 3-7361 905)430-4310/ 9_(2_922_686-5696 (905)263-2291 --Donna Reynolds (A.M.O.H.) (905)263-4433 905)668-7711 905)430-8635 (416)661-6600 t (905)723-8521 (905)723-6026__ (905)723-8521 905)723-6026 Durham Region Health Dept. , ~-ob Lee (Region Of Durhar~-~7905)655-3344 Works Department) I (905)655-4067 Ja~--~ McNeill (Durham Environ- / (905)985-3225 mental Network) Jeff Stewart (Town of Ajax) lngrid Svelnis (Uxbridge) Bill Slute (City of Oshawa) Laura Berger Durham Region Health Dept. Jay Todd (Scugog Township) Ext. 5312 Ext. 2117 Ext. 2141 Cathy Wright (MOE) (905)683-2957 ..(905)427-4003 (905)852-9181 (905)852-9674 (90>)436-3877 (905)723-0450 Ross MacEachem (Manager) (905)723-8521 Durham Region Health Dept. (905)433-1591 ~ (905)723-8~-~ (905)433-1591 (905)985-7346 90__(22}~85-1931 (416)326-3477 (416)325-6347 Ext. 2507 Ext. 2289 ! EMAIL ADDRESS iJaverv__~brock~&canada.com emma.followesCfi~Lmnr. °-or.on.ca _Oibbensv(~to_.___wn.whitbv.°n'ca _f. horvath~.claringt°n'°n'c ' Ivan.ciuciura(a),remon.durham-on-ca S_iarviefCtrca.on.ca .Robert.kvle(~,,r.egion.durham.on-ca Donna. reyngl_ds(¢rc =i on. durham, on. ca Lee_____b (_w, regi~on, durh am. on. ca J anetmcneitl(~) l:.~ook, c a Jstewart(&townofai ax,corn Uxbridgetwp(&interhop.net t ~B slute~city._oshawa.on.ca Maceac r(~r~egion.durham.on.ca ~ erger. 1 au. ra(&:re g ion. durham, on. c a Jto dd~township, scugo,~, on. ca -Wri~htc__a(_&ene-g_9~-on. ca APPENDIX C Municipal Mosquito Control Guidelines PREPARED BY: Roy Eiiis Prairie Pest Nanagement PREPARED FOR: Hem'.tn Cana,~a B,~reau of infe~ious Diseases DATE: Final version hla¥ 21,2001 1.2 2. 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 3. 3.1 3.2 3.3 4.2 5. 6. 7. Appendix A. Appendix B. Appendix C. Appendix D. Appendix E, Appendix F. Appendix G. Appendix H. Appendix I. Appendix J. Table of Contents Mosquito Vector Biology ........................................................................................ Nuisance Mosquitoes and Disease Vectors .................. . ........................................ 1 Life History of Mosquitoes ......................................................... Transmission of viruses by mosquitoes in North America ...................................... West Nile virus Transmission Cycle ......................................................... .. d Probable Mosquito Vectors .................................. . .................. 5 Means of Introduction of WNV into Canada ........................................... 5 WNV Transmission Period ....................................... 6 Reducing the Risk of Transmission ............................ Mosquito Control Strategies ....................... 7 'to Control .................................................................... Non-chemical Mosqul ...... . ......................... 10 Mosqu to Larv ciding ......................................................................... . ........ 17 Mosquito Adulticiding ..................................................................................... 23 Record-keeping ................................................................................................................... 23 Legal Requirements ............................................... . .............................. 24 Computerized Record-keeping System ................................................ 24 Assessing Proposals for Mosquito Control Services ................................................................. ......................... 25 Mosquito Control Resources ......................................... List of Appendices ............................................................... Larval and Adult Mosquito Survey and Control Forms ..................................................... 27 31 Products registered for larval mosquito control in Canada .............................................. Products registered for adult mosquito control in Canada ............................................... 32 Larval Sampling Procedure ...................................... 34 Mosquito Workers .............................................. Provincial Government Officials ............................................... 40 Suppliers of Services, Equipment and Materials ............................................................. Mosquito Control Related Websites ...................................................... Technical Reports and Publications ........................................................ Glossary of Technical Terms ......................................................................................... 49 Disclaimer Chemical trade names, companies, ser~ces and consultants have been provided in this publication solely for the purpose of providing information. ~lention of a trade name, company (service or supplies) or consultant does not constitute a guarantee or v,arranW of the produ~ or service by the author or Health Canada or an endorsement by the author or the Department over other products or companies or services not mentioned. Although specific pesticides have been mentioned, the reader should be aware that existing pesticide labels are regularly revised, that older produc~ are sometimes discontinued, and that new products continually become avaiiable for use in mosduito control programs. Because there are wide differences baleen pesticides and their formulations and because individuals may react differently to them, every pesticide should be handled with extreme care. Label instructions and other literature that accompanies a product must be foiioweq at ali times. One must a!ways read and carefully follow the pesticide product label because it is the final legal authori~ as to the use and application of that product. Although special care has been taken in preparing these guidelines, neither the author nor the Health Canada can be held responsible for any errors or omissions. No representation, guarantee, or warranty is made to the accuracy, reliability, or completeness of the information, specifications, procedures, methods, materials, or equipment in this document. Readers are cautioned to satisfy themselves as to the suitability of the material provided prior to its use and to follow label directions carefully. iii Municipal Mosquito Control Guidelines Mosquito Vector Biology 1.1 Nuisance Mosquitoes and Disease Vectors Mosquitoes are important insect pests from both a nuisance and a health point-of-view. Although Canada may be fortunate in having relatively few mosquito-borne diseases, there remain the risk of several mosquito-borne encephalitides viruses and various mechanically-transmitted pathogens. As a nuisance insect, mosquitoes have few rivals across southern Canada. Most people do not think about a mosquito control program until the adult mosquitoes are present and biting in large numbers. -i-hey become quite frustrated when they then seek advice on mosquito control and are told by professionals that it is 'too late'. Mosquito control requires considerable lead-time. Besides a provincial pesticide use permit, the program requires, at the very least, trained staff, mosquito survey maps and tools, vehicles, spray equipment, and insecticides. These requirements are all cost considerations that require advance budgeting, purchasing, and hiring or contracting. 1.2 Life History of Mosquitoes [dosquitoes pass through the egg, larval, pupal and adult stages during their life cycle. There are 4 larval instars. All stages except eggs are mobile. Female mosquitoes may lay their eggs either on moist soil or on the surface of water. The lst-instar larva is very small. As the larvae pass through their 4 instars, they become larger after each moult. During the larval and pupal stage, mosquitoes remain in the water. Both these stages are adapted for swimming. The larvae swim as they go to and from feeding to other activities, like swimming to the surface to obtain air. Many people call them 'wrigglers' because of way in which they swim. The larvae of most species can be seen resting at the surface, hanging from the surface film by their respiratory siphon. The pupal are shaped like commas. Some people think they look like miniature tadpoles. They use their flattened, paddle-like 'tails' to propel themselves through the water. They do not feed during this transitional stage of development, as they transform from larvae to adults. When mature, the skin of the pupa splits open along its back and the fresh, adult mosquito slowly emerges into the air. After resting on the surface of the water for a few minutes, the adult mosquito usually moves to a sheltered spot close by to allow its outer skeleton and wings to harden. Soon after emergence, mating takes place. Mating usually occurs in mating swarms, usually within 3 to 5 days after the adults emerge. Females are attracted to the mating swarm and are quickly fertilized. Females mate once and remain fertile for life. 1.2.1 Typical Larval Mosquito Habitats The typical habitat for mosquito larvae is a snow-melt pool or a summer rain pool. Pools that are created by melting snow in the spring or by heavy rains during the summer produce most of our pest mosquitoes. A summer rainfall of three or more centimetres can produce a major hatch of mosquitoes from eggs that were lying dormant in grassy depressions in fields or drainage ditches. Almost anything, whether natural or a't~nc~a, t,,~ v,,ill noid -;t=- mr as}u: a week or more rnay breed mosquitoes. These insects have adapted toe w~de .arvey cf a,.a. na~ita~and every one should be checked for la~,ae. A few examples of some larval mosquito ~reeding sites are g~ven be,ow: Margins of lakes, ponds, streams. irrigation ditches, ditches and vehicle ruts along roags, power lines, railway trac<s. Low-lying pasture pools and woodiot pools. Tree-holes and rock-pools. Gutters, barrels, bucketS, cans, tires, birdbaths, Vegetated edges of sewage lagoons storm-water retention ponds and reservoirs. Weedy margins of farm dugouts and prairie sloughs. Culverts, open wells, catch basins~ ornamental pOd;S, and wading poo!s. Pieces of polyethylene caught up in short vegetation. 1.2.2 Seasonal Occurrence of Larval and Adult Mosquitoes Larvae of spring floodwater mosquitoes hatch from the eggs in pools of v, ater formed by melted snow in the woods. The eggs occur in the leaf litter at the bottom of the poo!s. These larvae develop slowly because of Iow water temperatures. They emerge as adults in Hay, before the pools dq' up. The female spnng floodwater mosquitoes can be yen/iong-lived and may bite several times. They lay their eggs in the woods where they will be flooded by melting snow the following year. Spring floodwater mosquitoes have only one generation per year. Even if summer rains flood these eggs, they will not hatch until the following spring. Summer floodwater mosquitoes include several of our common pest mosquitoes (e.g., Medes vexan$). The larvae hatch from eggs a~er rainfall in the summer (usualiy 2.5 cm or greater) in shallow flooded areas such as grassy fields, roadside ditches, highway right-of-ways, tire tracks, cow hoof prints, and other habitats. The larvae develop very quickly (7-10 days). Several generations may occur each summer, depending upon the frequency and intensity of rainfall. We cannot predict in advance how bad the summer floodwater mosquitoes will be, because we cannot predict rainfall amounts or patterns. Although there are distinct species differences, generally mosauitoes are most abundant during the summer months. Some species may be more abundant, as adults, during the late spring; others may be most abundant during the late summer. Still others are abundant during the summer months but for only a few weeks after a heavy rainfall. Heavy snowfall during the winter months, followed by a quick thaw in the spring, tends to favour the development of large populations of the spring snowmeit mosquitoes. Heavy rainfalls during the summer months tend to favour massive populations of summer floodwater species. Temperature is another key factor affecting mosquito populations. During the larval period, warm temperatures speed up larval and pupal development. Warm temperatures during the adult stage favour mating between the sexes and host seeking by the biood-feeding adult females. Temperature and relative humidity have a major influence on adult mosquito populations. High temperatures, associated with Iow relative humidities, tend to sho~en the adult period and cause the early death of those mosquitoes unable to find cool, moist areas for shelter. Winds also have their affect on populations. Low winds facilitate swarming ~y the males and mating of the sexes. They also facilitate the adult female's search for b~ood. High winds, on the other hand, ATTACHHENT# ~ TO REPORT #_O_~5 generally have the opposite effects although they may be a positive factor for mosquitoes in some regards. For example, steady high winds, following a mass emergence of adult mosquitoes, tend to disperse the population widely, sometimes many kilometres. 1,2.3 Activity and Biting Behaviour of Mosquitoes Adult mosquitoes are usually found close to their original larval breeding sites. However, the females may disperse from several hundred metres to several hundred kilometres from their source, often aided by wind. Most mosquitoes rest during the day, seeking shelter in dense vegetation that is close to their swarm site, oviposition site, or blood-meal source(s). The adults of most species are active during periods of twilight, which is when winds are relatively Iow, temperatures are moderate, and relative humidities are high. in shady areas, mosquitoes may be active throughout the day. Like male mosquitoes, the female mosquitoes feed on nectar from flowers, aphid honeydew (i.e., sugar solution produced by aphids), and sap leaking from broken twigs to obtain the car- bohydrates that they require for their energy. Unfortunately for humans and other hosts, the adult females of most mosquito species require a blood meal. Each species seems to have its own range of host preferences but most female mosquitoes will feed on a broad range of hosts. Typical hosts include warm-blooded vertebrates, like birds and mammals. However, the females of some mosquito species feed on reptiles and amphibians. 1.2.4 Resting Sites of Female Mosquitoes Host mosquitoes tike to rest during the day in cool, moist locations. They are very sensitive to hot, dry weather. A few examples of some adult mosquito resting sites are given below: · Heavy vegetation near their larval breeding sites or their hosts. · Areas of high humidity along the shores of streams, rivers and lakes. · In culverts, under bridges, above catch-basins. · :inside buildings (e.g., houses, livestock barns, poultry houses, outhouses). · Under piles of firewood, lumber, or other materials. Transmission of viruses by mosquitoes in North America Mosquito control programs are typically instituted in areas where local mosquito populations consistently represent a significant annoyance or potential public health threat or both. The objective of this section is to provide basic information on how viruses, specifically West Nile virus (WNV), are transmitted between mosquitoes and other host (i.e., humans) or reservoir animals (i.e., birds). Although the vectors, hosts and reservoir species involved in transmission cycle of the different mosquito-borne viruses vary, the objectives and approaches used to minimize human or animal infection through mosquito control programs are similar. However, it should be remembered that control programs designed to suppress the numbers of nuisance mosquitoes may differ significantly from ones aimed at reducing the abundance of disease-carrying mosquito populations. 2.:1. West Nile virus Transmission Cycle West Nile virus is spread to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito and can cause encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) or meningitis (inflammation of the lining of the brain and spinal cord). West Nile encephalitis (WNE) has been documented in parts of Africa, West Asia, and the Middle East and WNV has been in northeastern USA since, at least, 1999. West Nile virus is closely related to the viruses that 3 /~i~ACHMENT#~ TO REPORT#~.S Ol cause St. Louis Encephalitis (SLE) and Western Equine Encephaiitis 'WEE). Outbreaks of WEE (in humans and horses) in Manitoba and Saskatchewan and SLE~,,,':~ humans) ~r, Ontario have occurred in the past. en~pna~.~,~ viruses. Wild birds are the principal reset, bits of mosmui[o-borne =~ '=~- ~ioseu~[oes feed on infected birds., picking up ~he virus wi~h ?,e Siood meal. The virus may circulate in the blood of the mosquito for a few daws. A~er ia/lng their eggs, the infected mosquitoes may then transmit the virus To other birds (at least 70 species; mainly corvids, such as crows and blue jays), mammals (e.g., horses, ca~, bats, chipmunks, skunks., seuirreis, and domestic rabbits), and humans when they take their next blood meal. Some newly ~nfe~ed hosts (e.g., American crows) maw become ill and/or die as result of an infection. The virus is located in the mosquito's saliva~, glands. During blood feeding, the virus may be injected into the new host animal where it ma,/multiply, possibly causing illness. Some of these newly infected hosts may allow the buildup or amplification of the v~rus in their blood with or without showing any signs of illness. WNV is not transmitted from one person to another or from birds directly to people. Birds may serve to spread the virus from one geographical area to another. One of the keys to the prevention of WNE or other infections caused by arboviruses is [he supmression of vector mosquito populations. 2.2 Probable Mosquito Vectors Thirteen species of mosquitoes have been identified as possible vectors of WNV in northeastern USA. The distribution of these ~3 species across southern Canada has been summarized in the table below. addition, two other potential vectors of WNV have been added. These b~o species do not occur within the present range of WNV but will likely be competen.: vectors of this virus, based on their efficiency in transmitting other viruses in Canada. Although it has ~een well established that Cu/ex species are primarily responsible for transmission of WNV to birds, the specific role that the other mosquito species will play in the transmission of WNV to humans has not been clearly defined. The mere presence of probable WNV vectors in a province does not mean that WNV activib, or outbreaks of WNE in humans are imminent. Cu/ex p/pzans Cu/ex res~uan$ Cu/ex sa#mar/us Cu//seta me/anura Mosquit° Species Infected with WN¥ In NE USA' i Och/ero ca tu$ japon/cus Och/erotatus tr/seriatus Och/erotatu$ trivittatus Aede$ vexan$ Aede$ Ochterotatus atropalpus Och/erotatu$ cantator Pso,rq~hora ferox Ano,~,~e/e$ punct/?enn/s oeS -F + + + + + + + + + Cu/ex tarsa//$ + + - Cul/~et~ inornata + + - Note that some of these species may be more widely distributed in southern Canada than the published reports indicate. Intensive sampling, especially in the Atlantic Provinces where mosquitoes have not been intensively studied, may extend the known range of several Cu/exand Cu//$eta species. Obviously, from the above table, the provinces of Ontario and Quebec have the greatest numbers of possible WNV vectors. Municipalities that are initiating new mosquito surveys would be well advised to note and deal with any breeding sites that are producing these species. 2.3 Means of Introduction of WNV into Canada West Nile virus could be (and, perhaps, has already been) introduced into Canada by infected mosquitoes or birds in 2000. The likely scenario of introduction is that infected bird(s) would move across the border into Canada from New York or other neighbouring states. These birds would then serve as a source of wrus for local blood-feeding mosquitoes. Once the virus was introduced into the local mosquito population, the mosquito vectors could infect more birds. Eventually, mosquitoes would transfer the virus from birds to mammals, including horses and people. 2.4 WNV Transmission Period WNE cases usually occur in the late summer or early fall in the temperate zone of the world (i.e., between latitudes 23.5° and 66.5° north and south). In the NE USA, symptoms of the disease begin to Known vectors of SLE and/or WEE are potential vectors of WNV. 5 A"Fi;,~,GH N ENi' # ' ,~. ~- --' --,<' Haman cases seem to peak in mid-Auaust; appear in humans by mid-july and, ~n horses, horse cases peak iniate-September, in mo-eseutner~ c;imaticzones, WNVisrepo~edto be transmitted by mosquitoes throughout the year. In Canada, as in no~heastern USA, transmission from mosgJ;:oes to people is iikei~' to ~eain during the mid- to late-summer period and to end with ;he firs: nard or se.rare frost :nat WDicaliy marks the end of mosquito biting for the season. 2,5 Reducing the Risk of Transmission People can minimize their risk of mosquito Dites through ,,,,'earing proper clothing and a repellent and avoiding times and situations when and ;,,,here mosquitoes are mos: acth~'e. Pre,ica', tips to pass along to residents are given in the section on puDli: education However, man? people, including municis, al employees, mus*. be outdoors in places and during periods of ~h~ day where mosquitoes are active, if there is a risk of WNx,.' transmission in the area, it is important that these people, especially the middle-aged and elderly, take, uh precautions to a~oid mosquito bites. Mosquito Control Strategies Host people do not think about a mosquito management program until the adult mosquitoes are present and biting in large numbers. They become quite frustrated when they then seek advice on mosquito control and are told by professionals that it is 'too late'. h'losquito management requires considerable lead-time. ]n addition to obtaining a government permit, the program requires, at the ve~ least, trained staff, survey maps and too!s, vehicles, spray equipment, and insecticides. These requiremen~ are all cost considerations requiring advance budgeting. Before attempting to launch a mosquito management program,, those persons who wili manage the program should take some preliminary steps: i. Determine how much support there is for mosquito control in tne municipalib'. You mercnanLs, will need the support of residents, ' ~ , and co'sP, ciiors. _. Determine the formal steps that must be taken to start a new re. esquire control program in your province, inciuding: · Establishing a steering commi~ee for implementing the program and consider developing a mcsquito control by-law which would give municipalities right to access private prope~' for the purposes of mosquito control. · Obtaining provincia! pesticide applicator licenses. · Fulfilling pest!cide-use permit requirements. · Purchasing of tools, supplies and equipmentz. · Renting vehicles and other equipment. · Training and assigning staff. 3. Learn as much as possible about mosquito control from aovernment officials, suppliers, university researchers, and consultan% and by reading available manuals on mosquito control (see aL-tached appendices). : Supplies will include such items as mosquito traps and insecticides; e:Joment wiil include such i~ems as a computer, dissecting microscope, and sprabers. 2'/ ~,. Have key staff and officials attend a mosquito control applicator's course [e.g., courses such as that offered by Clarke Environmental Mosquito management (http://www.cmosquito.com/inside/mu_objectives.asp) or those offered by the Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory (h~p://fmel.ifas.ufl.edu/index.htm)] 5. Determine the costs for the first year of work, including labour, equipment, and materials (allowing for inflation and increased labour costs). 6. Obtain applicator licenses and pesticide use permit, according to provincial regulations, well in advance of the season. 7. Hire responsible, trained, seasonal staff to carry out mosquito breeding site surveys, maintain mosquito light traps and collections, and carry out any necessary spray operations. 8. Record all survey and spray data to fulfill permit requirements and to plan for an even better program the following year. 9. Develop some basic policies and standard operating procedures for the mosquito management program and have these approved by senior management and/or elected officials. 3,1 Non-chemical Mosquito Control 3.1.1 Water Management Because of the temporary nature and small size of many mosquito floodwater habitats, they often can be altered to prevent or, at least, minimize mosquito production (see section on source reduction below). However, there are taws and policies regulating alterations of larger habitats such as wetlands. Contact your Department of Natural Resources or Conservation if planning such major projects. Although compromises must be made, it is usually possible to reduce larval mosquito sources and at the same time preserve wetlands and other desirable habitats. In some instances, water management can even enhance certain types of wetland habitats, l:or example, it is possible to change many very temporary, scattered pools into more permanent wetland habitats. Landscape planners should consider carefully the kinds of mosquito habitats they may be creating when wetlands are integrated into landscape or neighborhood designs or when designs are made for storm water retention ponds, sewage lagoons, or ornamental ponds. 3.1.2 SoUrce Reduction Prevents Mosquitoes Ideally, mosquito control should be based on a preventive program. This is simply the removal of mosquito breeding sites. Many breeding sites (e.g., salt-marshes, sewage and dairy lagoons, storm water-retention ponds, farm dug-outs) can be made unsuitable for mosquito breeding. This is done through a combination of good design (e.g., steeply-sloped and graveled shore-lines), water level manipulation, and emergent vegetation control. Sloped, graveled, rocky, or sandy shorelines will support few mosquitoes. Larvae will be exposed to wave action and have difficulty obtaining food. Sometimes, the easiest way to prevent mosquitoes is to alter their breeding sites to make them unsuitable for egg laying, in the case of shallow depressions or unnecessary ditches, this usually equates to improved drainage or filling with clean soil. Even scraping sediment from the bottom of roadside ditches every few years can make the ditches unattractive for mosquito breeding. 7 Ditches tr, at are slow to drain, form a senes of 0ocket ooois, an; sumoo~ iush grasses or weeds are pnme tar~.al ~reeding sites. Regu;ar mowir, c. e,'eG' 2 wee,~s ~r s~ ~ur~ng the summer months will reduce mosquito breeding. When oonsidenng citcn craina~e improve~*ents, condu~ a larval survey a~er a heavy rain to oetermine which ditcnes snou:~ receive hiehes: -r~o':~,' for ~ nf~nc~ Often ditches along main roads and r gnv,.ays are quite w~ae. Tne',~ form Srs~, expansive bree~ina sites. One way to restrict the size of the habitat anT: reduce the su4ace area tr, a: must be treated with a mosquito ianvicide is to run a narrower, seeper ditch throu~L the ~-~ .... of tne ~oader ditch, There ma'f be patches of flooded land (occupied by trees, shrubs and weed,;.' vegetation) that are acjacent to roadside ditches. The stacnant ~',ater in these ~epress~ons can usually be drained into the ,~r~,~,.,g site. ~f ~reeqino occurs in the roadside ditch, eliminating the d~, ~u,~-,~-~. ~ woodland ~ ~:~ roadside ditch, it is at least more accessible. . ~',~e. However, it may be possible to In other situations, it may not be sossible to drain an o~en breeding <'~ fiii ~c with soil, bringing it up to the level of the surrounding lanP~ and eliminating the standing water. Many small municipalities cannot afford to carry out an annual la'~,iciding program. Funds are unavailable for staff, equipment and insecticide. Yet~ most municipalities own or can eat access to earth-moving equipment of one type or another and could use it to advantage in mosquito source reduction. Managing or eliminatinq larval breeding sites can be an economical and effective means of preventing mosquitoes. it is worth cc~nsidering as either an alternative or a supslement to mosquito larviciding and adulticiding. When mosquito source reduction is being considered, it is advisable to consult local wildlife officials before starting. They can determine if the pianne~ water management projec, s are acceptable from a wiidtife habitat point-of-view. A poori/ planned ~rainace pro?c: might cause more prot)lems than it is worth. Source reduction of larval mosquitoes may invcive; · installation of a catchment. · installation of tile leading to a catchment or drain. · Modification of grade to permit drainage. · Filling and leveling of small water-filled depressions. · Conversion of a mosquito-producing area to a non-mosquito-producing body of water such as an ornamental pond, water hazard, or permanent wetianG. · Elimination of artifical breeding containers (criticai for control of C~,'ex species). · Reduction or elimination of emergent vegetation aroune storm-wa~er retention ponds thus making them less suitable for mosquito development. 3.1.3 Exclusion The use of mosquito screening on the doors ano windows of buildings is an obvious means of excluding mosquitoes. Doors should always be snug fitting aiong al! four edges. 3.1.4 Public Education Fact sheets, posters, school poster contests, media contacts, and formal presentations can all be employed to let residents know what the municipalib/ is doing about mosquitoes and to solicit their cooperation. One way that citizens can be encouraged to help control mosquitoes is through backyard source reduction. People need to be advised on where mosquitoes breed in their backyards: ,) Mosquito Sources How to Reduce'Backy~d MOsquito~g _ ' '_ '. ¥ ;- Ponds Stock with fish or use BTI~ remove excess vegetation. Swimminq poo~s Tree hOleS Keep water off cover; maintain water quality at all times. =il hole with sand or mortar. Plastic poo~s Drain water when not in use, or cover so mosquitoes cannot lay eggs. . Containers Empty water; store in an inverted position; dispose of; or cover. Chanqe water at least once a week. Bird baths Standing water Watering troughs Street gutter or catch basins Septic tank fields Roof gutters Rain Barrels Irrigated lawns or fields Eliminate by draining; Fih in Iow areas. Stock with fishr or change water weekly. Keep litter and garden oebris out of gutters; do not over water yard. Ensure proper drainaqe so mosquitoes cannot lay eggs. ' Clean once a year to remove debris. Cover with screening or empty weekly. i Avoid over-irriqation. Drain standinq water. 3.1.5 Personal Protection Citizens should be advised that the most effective method of personal protection from mosquito bites is to avoid places where mosquito densities are high and to avoid being out-of-doors at times of the day when mosquito activity is at its highest (during calm, warm, humid evenings). If people find themselves in situations where they must be exposed to biting mosquitoes, there are several things they can do. First, they can minimize the exposed skin surface by wearing a hat or head net, long trousers, and a long-sleeved shirt. Some mosquitoes will bite through lightweight clothing, but the number of bites received is definitely reduced if most areas of the body are covered. When mosquito densities become very high or there is a risk of disease transmission, people may want to apply a mosquito repellent. Most effective repellents contain DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide). Commercial repellents contain varying concentrations of DEE-F, usually between 10 and 50%. In general, the higher the concentration of DEET in a product the longer the duration of protection with a single application. Thus the lower concentration products provide i or 2 hours of protection, whereas higher concentration products are effective for 4 to 6 hours. The duration of protection of lower concentration DEET products can match that of higher concentration products, if they are reapplied at regular intervals (e.g., hourly). The efficacy of any repellent will depend on weather conditions (i.e., strong wind speeds and high temperatures or relative humidity will decrease the duration of protection) and amount of physical activity of the user (i.e., sweating will result in rapid declines in protection times). DEET-based repellents do have some minor drawbacks. DEE--t- can be an irritant to some people and it may damage synthetic materials such as rayon, nylon or certain plastics. When applying repellents, always read the label instructions carefully and thoroughly apply the material to all exposed skin, including behind the ears. If people wish to avoid using DEET, there are few, if any, effective alternatives. Plant oils, such as oil of lavender or citronella, have been shown to be somewhat repellent to mosquitoes. However, most other plant oils are not available as commercial mosquito repellents. More detailed information concerning the selection of a repellent and safe use of insect repellents can be obtained from Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) at http://www.hc- sc.gc.ca/hpb/Icdc/publicat/info/repell_e.htmh , her~ is a vast array of other produc5 that are marc, eras rc, raze mcsau;:oes, mos; of which are totally ineffectwe. These include wristbanos ;ne; cc. ntain an, aroma:it repel ant. u;srason~c emi~ers, eie~ric grids, electronic repellers, aromatic pian~ ~'tr, e mos; common one is the s,c-caliec mosauito plant), incense coils, vitamins, and even mixtures of brewer's ,;'east and garlic. %esearcn nas sho,,vn that all of these methods are of little or no value in ~ nc ..moscuitoes. 3.1.6 Biological Control Mosquitoes are affected by a host of nasura; enemies, inciu,sing a wide variety of ~arasites, predators, and pathogens. Unfortuna~Jy, because mosquito numbers can exp,o~e a,~er ~n~ spring snowmelt or a _n_m,_~ ,Co ii~le to keep mosquitoes a~ a ~o,~, as,_ level. heavy summer rainfall, natural ~ ~ ;~- Tnere are exceptions to this ruie. Tnere nave been caseswnere, inindMduai breeding sites, a parasite (e.g., certain kinds of nematodes) or a predator (e.g., fathe~ minnows) have kept mosquitoes to a tow level. However, the general success of mosquitoes serves to underscore their ability to adapt to widely divergent natural phenomena. They are not likely to succums in any meaningful way to natural controls. Fortunately, one natural enemy can be easily manipulated to control mosquito larvae. The microbial insecticide, BT]; (see section 3.2.3.1 below) is an example of a natural mosquito pathogen that has been commercialized and is now widely used in mosquito control programs across Canada. Because BT]: has no effects on other natural enemies, it is the ideal mosquito tanvicide. 3.2 Mosquito Larviciding 3.2.1 Rationale for Mosquito Larviciding Mosquito control programs are ~pica',l',,.' instituted in areas where local mosquito populations consistently represent a significant annoyance or potentiai public health threat or both. it should be clear that mosquitoes are involved in one or both of these activities before implementing a control program, since it may not be necessary to use larvicides (lot other mosquito control measures) in areas where mosquito populations rarely reach annoying leve;s or where mosquito-borne diseases are not present or expected to be present. Many people think that the best time to begin a mosau~:o control program is when the numbers of biting female mosquitoes reach an intolerable level. However, the best time tc begin a mosquito management program is before the mosquitoes emerge. Prevention should ~)egin immediately after the mosquito eggs have hatched, the pool has been inspected~ and the numbers of larvae present iustify the use of an insecticide. The larvae are most efficiently and economically destroyed wren they are concentrated in their breeding site. Preventing the larvae from becoming adult mosquitoes minimizes the area that would have to be treated, it prevents the development of an annoyance or health problem. Larviciding can reduce overall insecticide use in a mosquito control program by reducing or eliminating the need for ground or aerial application of insecticides to kill widespread adult mosquitoes. 3.2.2 Information Required for Effective Larviciding 3.2.2.1 Monitoring Mosquito Breeding Sites and Larval Populations Mosquito monitoring is a prerequisite to an effective, efficient, and environmentaliy sound mosquito control program. Monitoring is used to: 10 · Define the nature and extent of the mosquito problem by determining the species composition of mosquitoes and the age structure of immature mosquitoes (i.e,, early or late larval instars or pupae), · Calculate the amount of larvicide required, · Give direction to daily mosquito control operations. · Determine the proximity of environmentally sensitive areas to larval breeding sites. · Determine which larval breeding sites can be eliminated. · Evaluate the effectiveness of control operations. · Generate the data needed to comply with provincial larvicide use permits. · Evaluate the potential for transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. The first step in determining which mosquitoes must be monitored routinely is to establish which species cause problems. Control efforts can be justified when certain mosquitoes pose a nuisance or are an economic or health-related pest. A nuisance mosquito bothers people, typically in and around homes or in recreational areas. An economically important mosquito reduces property values, slows economic development of an area, reduces tourism, or adversely affects livestock production. Health-related mosquito problems include adverse reactions to mosquito bites and the transmission of infectious diseases (e.g., West Nile Encephalitis). A list of mosquito species can be compiled from a review of the literature for species that bite humans or that may vector disease in the area of concern. For example, in southern Ontario, the main nuisance species might be Ae. vexans and the main disease vector species might be Cz. p/piens. Once the key target species have been determined, the jurisdiction involved can be surveyed, with special emphasis on the breedinq sites of these species. The survey should include the collection of adult mosquitoes and larvae. ObViously, someone must be trained to identify the larval and adult mosquitoes. That person will require a dissecting microscope, processing supplies, and a key to identify mosquitoes3. ]:nformation from the survey can be used to determine the abundance and seasonal distribution of each species and its relative importance as a target for control efforts. Because mosquito collection methods differ in their effectiveness for sampling different species, more than one collection method may be used to accurately determine the relative abundance of all the species in an area. Comparing the numbers of a single mosquito species collected in different types of traps can be misleading and should be avoided. The temporal and spatial changes (when and where) in mosquito populations and the problems that mosquitoes cause are measured by monitoring four factors: · Telephone requests for mosquito control services. · Adult mosquito population studies. · immature mosquito population studies. · Long- and short-term weather patterns (e.g., rainfall and temperature) Both a mosquito-breeding site inventory and a larval surveillance system should be developed. The mosquito-breeding site inventory is a permanent collection of descriptions of all breeding sites. A larval surveillance system describes the numbers of mosquitoes breeding at each site when it was sampled. Inventory and survey data can provide a record of mosquito breeding over time, assisting in the decision to either larvicide the breeding site or eliminate it. 3 Wood, D.PI., P.T. Dang, and R.A. Ellis, 1979. The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 6. The Mosquitoes of Canada (Diptera: Culicidae). Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Supply and Services Canada, Hull, Quebec. 390 p. 1l 3,2.2.2 :.:, ,4,, -, .- ~ ~ 7'0 REPOFfi" Mappin§ Larval Breeding Sites Initially, a sTstema:ic survey is made ;o maF a!i ~;.;e~;~a mossui;3 ee.,e~oom, ent sites within tne muniopality. For each mapped site, tne acreage ~o~ nec;at,ce is se:ermined ans a reference number and habitat b/pa are assigned. The site information can then be entered into a database which wiii contain a detailed breeding history for each site, includine.; · A map reference location (e.g., street address or concession roaSs, se~ions or GPS coordinates). · Description of sites that have ~roduced larvae. · The time of the season when ~ne sites have mosquitoes. · The larval density at each si~e. · The species associated with in each si;e. · Type of equipment most appropna;e ;o dispatch to tne location (i.e., heiicop~er, backpack, truck- mounted units, etc.). · Any restrictions associated with the site (e.g., permission required, phone ahead., BTI only, close gate, 24 hours notice required). After a multi-year development period, the municipality can produce a field inspection and control strategy for each site within its ]urisdi~ion. The sites can be split into non-breeding sites and targeted sites. The non-breeding si~es are considered a Iow-priority. Bi-weekly or monthly inspections will maintain the database for these si~es. The sites with a history of producing significant mosquitoes can be targeted for intensive field inspeCions and appropriate larval control measures. A mosquito control program will have maps tha~ show the location of all the mosquito-breeding sites in its jurisdiction. These maps are used to maintain a program for larval surveillance and to plan larviciding operations. The map inventory must Pe updated on a routine basis. For example, as new residential or commercial developments occur, natural dra~nac, e patterns will be interrupted and the characteristics of mosquito breeding in those areas will change, in turn, the spades composition of the mosquitoes at each site may change. Deciding which characteristics of the breeding site should be recorded in an inventory is difficult. Estimates of various factors will help to determine if treatments are needed. The factors include; · Water surface area. · Water depth. · Water temperature. · Mosquito stage and density. · The presence or absence of predators or parasites. Although monitoring mosquitoes is time consuming, creating and maintaining hard copy maps of breeding sites is even more difficult. A computer-based mapping system is needed, especially for larger municipalities. A computer system will facilitate the compilation and extraction of data. It can even be used to estimate the total surface area of all the breeding sites and, from that, be used to ensure that sufficient larvicide is ordered and available to treat all the infested breeding sites. 3,2.2,3 Monitoring Mosquito Larvae Many devices and procedures that have been developed to sample mosquito eggs, larvae, and pupae. Larvae can be collected with dippers, nets, aquatic light tra~s, suction devices, and container-evacuation methods. The most commonly used tool is the mosquito dipper. The dipper can be used simply to 12 determine the presence of larvae. However, standardized sampling methods are required if mosauito densities are to be quantified. The most efficient method for larval sampling and ranking of breeding sites is to use a simple sequential sampling technique (see appendix D). Most large control programs rank mosquito breeding sites (nil, iow, medium or high density) so they can plan their larviciding efforts, concentrating on breeding sites with moderate or high mosquito populations. When there is limited time available for larviciding, it is makes more sense to treat the major sources of mosquitoes than waste time and resources on larval breeding sites that produce only a few mosquitoes. 3,2.2.4 Monitoring Environmental Factors To maximize the usefulness of mosquito surveillance data, key weather events (e.g., rainfall) must be noted. Rainfall will dictate when breeding sites will be flooded and when they will need to be inspected for mosquito larvae. Rain gauges are important anywhere mosquito production is being monitored. Data from numerous inexpensive backyard-style rain gauges, scattered throughout the municipality, can be supplemented with more precise data from the Environment Canada Weather Service and local weather watchers. Because rainfall is often highly localized, it is important to record rainfall amounts from as many locations as possible. These data allow you to pinpoint the areas most likely to have mosquito hatching. When rainfall data is coupled with temperature records, one can predict, almost to the day, when the adult female mosquitoes will emerge. Typically, larviciding crews will start in the areas having the highest rainfall. Weather conditions are important considerations during aerial or ground applicaBon of mosquito larvicides and adulticides. High winds, Iow temperatures, rainfall, and high humidity can affect adult mosquito activity, as well as the effectiveness of the mosquito control operations. 3,2.3 Mosquito Larvicides 3.2.3,1 Microbial Larvicides Microbial larvicides are bacterium that have been registered with Health Canada as insecticides for the control of mosquito larvae. The target application sites include: · Irrigation ditches. · Flood water. · Standing ponds. · Woodland pools. · Flooded pastures. · Marshes, · Storm water retention ponds. Though the duration of the effectiveness of these larvicides depends on the mosquito species, weather conditions, product formulation, and water quality, generally these larvicides have short residual activity (i.e., less than 24 hours). Microbial larvicides are well suited for use in an integrated mosquito management program. 13 The only m~crobial la~vicide use in Canada !s Ssc,'/'/,~'s ?u',ff.*-?s. cs.~ ,,S.~ele.cs/J: or BTI. It is currently sold under the trade names of Vectosac, Aeuabac or Tear, ar. ~T] s a na:urai v occurring bacteria that producesa cry, s~ai ;nat is fatal to mosaui;oeswhenea;en, i: ]s narm'.ess to beneficial organisms in the mosquito environment. Extensive testing snows this micros:a ia~'icide does not pose a risk to wildlife, non-targe~ species, or the environment. Mosquito larvae move ~nrouqh the wa~er~ fil;ering out food as they go. 'Wisen BTI is applied to the water, the mosquito larvae ea~ it. -~he BTT spores tXat contain a crys~aliized ;oxn are released by the larva's stomach fluids. The toxin then ruptures ;ne stomach of the moss. uito, causing the iarva's ~eath. Timing of BTt applications is extremely' impocant. Optimal benefir_s are generally obEained when treating 2na or 3~ instar larvae. Although 1~: instar l~rvae are susceptible so BTi, ;~eatmen~ is usually targeted a~ these later instars to ensure that hatch is compiete, Treatmen~ at other sevelopmental stages may provide less than desired resul~ because the hatch is incomplete (1~; instar) or larvae s:os feeding instar larvae prior to moulting to pupae). Therefore, a disadvantage of using [}Ti is the limited treatment window available. 3.2.3,2 Biorational Larvicides Methoprene (sold as Altosid) is a compound that was developed after scientists discovered and analyzed a hormone in mosquitoes that kept the mosquitoes in the juvenile or immature stage. A!tosid is one of the so-called 'biorational' compounds, meaning the impact on the environment is minimized by using natural products or chemicals that are similar to these natural products. Remember that mosquitoes, after hatching from the egg stage, go through fouriarvaiinstars. While they are in the iarvai stage, a juvenile hormone is present that stops them fr°m bec°ming adul:S' Altosidis formulated as a slow-release briquette. The benefit of the slow release is that the brique~es can be placed in difficult to reach locations and continue con;roliing mosquitoes for a tong time. By placing a small amount of this compound in the water (less than 70 g/ha), the mosquitoes are prevented from maturing. They simply die during the pupal stage. Another benefit of using AItosid is that larvae remain in the food chain, reducing the impact on other organisms sharing the aquatic habitat. Note that Ail:osid must be present when the mosquito larvae are in the idler stages of ia,~,ai development for it to work. Hethoprene used in mosquito control programs does net pose unreasonadie risks to wildlife, people, or the environment. The toxicity of methoprene to birds and fish is Io,,'~. Tt iS non-toxic tc bees. Reports of frog abnormalities due to Altosid have been wideiy c~rculate.,~ ~ut these re~orts nave not stood up to scientific scrutiny. Hethoprene breaks down quickly in water and soil and will not leach into groundwater. However, methoprene is highly toxic to some species of freshwater, estuarine, and marine invertebrates such as crayfish, if misused. For that reason, PkIRA has included s~ecial precautions on the container label to reduce such risks. Although B-FI and methoprene are expensive, they work to control mosquitoes without harming other organisms present in the breeding site. Diflubenzuron is a chitin-synthesis inhiPitor, i: ac:s on contact with mosquito larvae to disrupt the moulting process. At the end of an insect moult, chitin is required as the hard component of the new outer skin of the larva. A failure to synthesize larva', chitin halts moulting, leading to physiological difficulties, desiccation, and ultimately death. For these reasons, it is variously called an "insect growth inhibitor" or "insect growth regulator". Diflubenzuron is available as Dimilin, a we~able powder formulation. ~....~able powders are not easy to mix. They must be mixed with v~ater before being applied as a liquid spray. Another drawback is that, because it also affects other arthropods, it cannot be used in habitats in which crustaceans are a valuable component (e.g., in marshes). A granular formulation of Dimilin is actively being pursued and is currently in the developmental stages. 3.2.3.3 Chemical Larvicides Conventional chemical larvicides that can currently be used in Canada include chlorpyrifos, fenthion, and malathion. Chlorpyrifos has, for decades, been the chemical larvicide of choice. It has had a good record as a relatively safe, effective, and environmentally acceptable mosquito larvicide. :it also is much less expensive to use than any of the microbial or biorational products. However, as a result of a recent PN1RA review, the use of chlorpyrifos will be restricted in the future, especially in and around residential areas. Fenthion, although registered as a mosquito larvicide, is rarely used for this purpose because of its toxicity to birds. No municipalities in Canada are currently known to use this product as a mosquito larvicide and its future is uncertain. Malathion is an effective larvicide but has essentially no residual activity. It is rapidly hydrolyzed in water. Studies have shown it to be ineffective 24 hours after treatment. However, its use may increase in future years unless new chemical larvicides or more inexpensive non-chemical larvicides become available to replace those being lost. Even so, because there are no granular formulations of this product available, the use of malathion will be limited to ground-based application equipment. 3.2.4 Larviciding Equipment 3.2.4.:L Granular Application Equipment For the most part, two types of larviciding equipment are used' i.e., granular and liquid spray equipment. These pieces of equipment may be manually or power operated. They may be hand or shoulder carried or mounted on All Terrain Vehicles (ATV), trucks, or aircraft. Granular larvicides are the most frequently used dry pesticide formulation. Granular larvicides are products in which the active ingredient is applied to the surface of a carrier (the granule). The active ingredient is bound to the surface (whether it be bentonite, vermiculite, or some other inert substance) with some type of binder or sticking agent. This keeps most of the active ingredient on the carrier in transit but allows the active ingredient to release when the granular is applied to the larval habitat. Granule applicators or spreaders are usually used to apply granules and pelletized pesticides to larval breeding sites. The tank usually consists of a gravity-fed hopper. At the base of the hopper, the granules are ejected through a simple opening or with the aid of a powered auger. There are several ways to apply granular larvicides. The simplest way is to broadcast them by hand. fvlany small municipalities use a "belly grinder", a shoulder-carried, crank-operated granule dispenser. These spreaders are supported by straps and look like 20 L pails with a side crank for auguring out the granules. They can hold up to 10 kg of granules. These equipment is useful for small area treatments when the person applying the product can get into the breeding habitat and auger out vew small amounts of granules. ];f larger areas need to be treated, powered backpack blowers are often used. These blowers will spread the granules up to :t0-15 m from the operator. Backpack blowers (e.g., Solo 400 or 423; Stihl SR420 or SR423; see supplier listing) can also be mounted on A-I-Vs. This enables them to treat relatively large 15 ............. =.,ng wide., roadside areas more efficiently. Specia'. truuK-i.,.~sn~ sranu]ar btowers are use~, for ~-'~ , ditches. When hundreds or thousands of hectares cf ~reeding sites need to be treated auickly, aircraft are used to apply the granules, r,~any aerial applicators use Simplex or similar granu e spreader systems. If there is a choice between using helicopter or fixed-wing application ser~ices, most municipalities will choose helicopters. Even though more expensive on an hourly Pasis, they are much more maneuverable and they can be refilled with fuel and larvicide close to the treatment areas. 3.2.4.2 Liquid Application Equipment The basic sprayer unit used by pest control technicians to app,~,' residual sprays for insect control is the compressed ali sprayer. These 'hand sprayers' are made wltn galvanized meta',, stainless steel, or poiyethylene tanks. Air is pumped into them with the aid cf a plunger-¥,pe apparatus or pump. The spray is delivered through an attached hose with a hand shut-off valve and an adjustable or changeable nozzle tip. There are several brands avaiiable. One example is the B & G stainless steel sprayer. They are easy to use, efficient, and readily available in 1-, 2-, and 3-US gallon sizes. These small sprayers are used for spot spraying of small larval breeding sites. The powered, backpack sprayer (comparable to the backpack blower above) is a more useful unit. it consists of a small engine and gasoline reservoir, a liquid insecticide tan~., and a spray nozzle system. These components are attached to a rigia metal frame and supported by wide shoulder straps and a belt. Depending on the spray nozzle system used, the,/are used to produce a soiid or variable coarse spray (e.g., for applying mosquito larvicides to ditches or other small larval Preeding sites) or to produce an air- ~riven mist (e.g., used as a mist-blower ~o appiy a residual spray and con;rol adult mosquito in their daytime resting sites). These uni~ are good for off-road breeding sites and, like the backpack blower, can be carried on one's back or they can ~)e mounted on an A-i~¥ for more efficient operations. There are also a host of differen~ truck-mounted liquid sprayers available. The tank, hose, and reel unit is most common. Municipalities with tree spraying programs may have a large mist-blower that can also be used for liquid applications, particularly along wide roadside ditches. Liquid applications of larvicide are rarely made from the air because most breeding sites are heavily vegetated or occur in wooded areas. Most of the droplets would "hang up" on ;he vegetation and never make it to the pool where the target mosquito larvae are present. 3.2.5 Larviciding Permit The pesticide licensing and permit system is the key means by which a province controls pesticide use. Licenses are issued to pesticide applicators that have passed an examination on a particular type of pesticide use (e.g., mosquito and biting fly control). Permits may be required by municipalities for certain specific types of applications (e.g., application of restricted mosquito iarvicides to water; application of pesticides to public lands). Any municipality considering a new mosquito controi program should contact their provincial agriculture and/or environment department (well before sta~ng) to determine what licenses and permits may be required. Note that a provincial permit for mosquito larviciding ma'/set conditions that restrict the use of a particular larvicide beyond those already specified on the product label. 3.2.6 Larviciding Procedures For an established municipal mosquito control program, the mosauito control season may follow the following progression of events: 16 · Maintenance and calibration of larviciding equipment in the early spring. · Larval surveys in the sprin§, once snow melt and hatching begins. · Larviciding of snowmelt: mosquito breeding sites. · Monitoring of rainfall and temperature to anticipate summer mosquito hatching. · Larval surveys of summer, floodwater breeding sites. · Larviciding of floodwater mosquito larval breeding sites following each significant rainfall. Typically, as mosquito larval breeding sites are identified and ranked, operations crews are assigned to apply the chosen larvicide to the specified sites. The larvicide is then applied, according to any permit conditions and all label directions and precautions. Surveillance or supervisory staff should randomly check the treated breeding sites, within a few days of treatment, to ensure that the larvicide applications were effective. in some cases, where the larvicide was only partially effective, residual adulticide treatments may be made to vegetation surrounding the breeding site to kill any emerging adult mosquitoes. In other cases, the breeding site may be assessed to determine if it can be filled or drained to prevent or minimize future mosquito breeding. 3.2.7 Monitoring the Effectiveness of Larviciding Individual pools can be selected to assess the effectiveness of a specific larvicide. Larval sampling is done on the pools, before and after treatment, to determine the number of larvae per dip or per square meter. Typically, a larvicide will give >95% control within 24 hours of treatment, if all label directions were followed and the larvicide still gave significantly less than 95% control, that batch of the larvicide should be tested more rigorously to determine if it meets specifications. Rigorous testing may include controlled bioassays and chemical or biological assays, depending on the product involved. A larviciding program may be evaluated by various methods. Citizen complaints of intolerable levels of mosquitoes or higher than expected numbers of mosquitoes collected in landing counts or mosquito traps may indicate a failure of the overall mosquito larviciding program. Such a failure may be due to weather conditions. Strong winds may have brought mosquitoes into the municipality from outside the control zone immediately following larviciding. This may indicate the need to extend the control out further around the municipality. High temperatures, in the days following the mosquito hatch, may have accelerated mosquito development and allowed many adults to emerge before the entire control zone could be treated. This may indicate inadequate staff and equipment for the size of the control zone. In addition, operator error or improper calibration of insecticide application equipment can result in less than optimum levels of larval control. 3.3 Mosquito Adulticiding 3.3.1 Rationale for Mosquito Adulticiding Mosquito adulticiding is normally started if: · Mosquito larviciding has failed to control the larvae present. · Adult mosquitoes have blown in from outside the larviciding zone. · Funds do not permit an adequate larviciding program. · Adult mosquitoes reach annoying levels. · A mosquito-borne disease threat was apparent. 17 Ftosquito light trap collections an,s/or mosquito biting counts ,',s,:s,S .~.or,mal;',' determine the need for adulticiding. 3.3.1.1 Mosquito Trap Counts Hosquito light traps are an obiect~ve measure of mosquito aniv:,.~,'. The New _]ersey Light Trap (N_]LT) is the standard mechanical mosquito iicnt t~aS used in most mosoui~o control programs. The NILT was developed at Rutgers Universib/in the 19305. ~ecause N_~LTs usuali'/operate in the same locations for many {/ears (they require 110 VAC power), the historical monitoring da;a become valuable for documenting the long-term changes in mosoul;o poDuiations. Although N_]LTs are usually operated overnight (using a timer), the number o; ?as sites and the frequen%.' of trapping vary among mosquito control programs. Hany programs also use Center for Disease Controi light traps (CDC ~raps', to monitor adult mosquitoes. The CDC trap is a miniature version of the NILT that operar, es on 6 VDC and can be used anywhere, it costs less to purchase than the N]LT, does not require permanent installation, and collects only mosquitoes. Some mosquito control programs use carbon dioxiqe (either On;' ice or bottled gas) or octanol as a supplemental bait for the CDC trap. As with the NiLTs, there is no standard design for placing or operating CDC traps. hlosquito traps are generally located in a known mosquito area, out of sight from the public, and in as secure a spot as possible. Some organizations place them in parks and golf courses; others place them in the backyards of people who volunteer to assist in the program. Long-term, monitoring adult mosquitoes ¢,",~, ~, ~=~ ;','nero mosquitoes *re a reouiar problem and where preventive measures (including source reduction an¢ ian~clding) need more aRention. Both of the above traps are available in Canada from Pos;alto ~see supplier iis;ing for full contact details) or can be ordered directly from the manufacturers. Before adulticiding campaigns are undeXaken to control nuisance mosouitoes, the N]LT collections should average more than 25 adult female mosqui;oes per trap per nigh: for 3 consecutive nights. This value recognizes that some traps may coliec; iow num:)ers and o;hers hi?, num.zers of mosquitoes on any given night as a result of their placement. It also recoanizes that mosquitos a~ivity may be unusually nigh or tow, depending on weather conditions., on an? given nidnL There does no~ appear to be a standard numoer of mosouitoes coliec~ed per trap per night with the CDC ~raps. Because there are several differen; designs, ii~h,L sources, and ~ai:s associated with these traps, comparisons are difficult. 3.3.1,2 Landing Biting Counts Mosquito landing and/or biting counts can also be used as an index of mosquito activity. The counts, carried out according to standard methods, should average 1- bite per minute over a JO-minute period at sunset before application of adulticides lo con~rol nuisance mosquitoes are started. Although mainly used to justin' mosquito aduiticiding, these counts have several other uses: · Justification for source reduction projects. · Evaluating the effectiveness of adulticiding. · Locating major larval habitats. · Assessing the vector potential of biting populations. · Determining where to place lign~ traps. 18 · Improving larval surveillance. · Comparing biting populations versus light trap data. When arbovirus activity, has been documented in an area, counts should be restricted to landing counts only (i.e., subjects do not allow the mosquitoes to bite). Landing counts are easy to do and require minimal gear. it is best if two people work together as a team. Instructions can be as simple as: · Wear dark-cotoured coveralls, a bee veil (over a hat), and thin disposable gloves. · Do not wear repellents, after-shaves, or perfumes. · Go to the location at dusk, selecting a grassy area in the shade and out of the wind. · Count the mosquitoes landing on the front of the other person over a 10-minute period. If the mosquitoes are collected from the other person, as they land, making counts is less confusing and enables the collected mosquitoes to be identified at a later time. If only one person is available, simply count the mosquitoes landing within view. Use the sample form for record-keeping. Mosquitoes coming to bite and landing on the front of the body can be counted over a 10-minute period. Dividing the total count by 10 will give an average landing count of "x mosquitoes/minute" for that time and location. Usually, when mosquitoes exceed :~ mosquito/minute, they have reached a level that will not be tolerated by most people. These N_]LT and landing count values (25 females per trap per night and I landing/biting count per minute at dusk) are comparable and they also seem to match the public's tolerance of nuisance mosquitoes, in areas where mosquito control is routinely undertaken. Likewise, when these values are exceeded, the public usually demands an adult mosquito control program. The exact abundance of adult mosquitoes that would result in adulticiding, when arbovirus activity is detected in an area, is unknown; however, the "trigger values" for nuisance adult mosquito control can be used as a guide. 3.3.~.3 Vector Surveillance Traps If there is a threat of an encephalitis outbreak, the rationale for adulticiding is slightly different. Mosquito vector surveillance may include the techniques and equipment that are used in the monitoring of nuisance mosquitoes (noted above) plus some specialized methods, equipment and materials. Live mosquitoes are usually collected to determine the percentage of suspected vector species that are infected with the virus and their reproductive age. Live or dead mosquitoes are collected to obtain an estimate of the population size of the mosquito vectors. The most commonly used trap for live collections of vector mosquitoes is the CDC miniature light trap (e.g., Hock's New Standard Miniature UV Light Trap Model 1212) baited with dry ice. The efficiency of this trap can be enhanced by placing it close to an oviposition site that is attractive to the adult female mosquitoes of Cu/ex species. This trap will collect some female mosquitoes which have already laid eggs and may be infected with a virus. Female mosquitoes of the Cx. p/pien$ complex are less readily attracted to a CDC trap, baited with dry ice, than they are to a N_ILT. Other collecting methods must be used. Traps baited with chickens work well for Cx. p/p/en$. In areas where arbovirus activity is documented, the use of CDC gravid traps (i.e., traps that collect egg-laying female mosquitoes) would be useful for assessing the prevalence of infection in Cu/ex species mosquitoes. Chicken-baited shed traps have been used to collect Cx. tarsa//$ in southern Canada. Counts of vector mosquitoes can be used to assess their activity throughout the season and to compare their activity over the years. 19 3.3.2 Lnform~tion Required for Effective ~dulticidin~ Mosquito control Drograms use one or m-:~e of the aDc. va me:noos to measure adult mosquito populations before a decision to contro~ acui: moseuitoes is made. Before adulticides are be applied, an adult mosquito-monitorinq program sho, d detect an increase in the population above a predetermined baseline (e.g., 25 femaie mosqui;oes per ~;2LT for three conse;u:i~e n~gnts,;, ;nou~n this threshold may not be precisely known for all mosquito-g~grne diseases. Alternat:veh, :he rs~ of disease transmission in an area may call for immediate adultic ding, even when the nuisance mosquito popuia~ion is below the normal numerical threshold for taking su? action. 3.3.3 Mosquito Adulticides in nuisance mosquito control operations, app;ying products to con:ro~ aau/; mosquitoes is a "last resort". I~1ost mosquito control work goes on throuenou~ the spring an~ summer, 'behind the scenes", using source reduction and tarviciding. ControJii.~g adult mosquitoes is more difficult because they are spread out and moving. When there is a serious tnrea; to public or animat health t~ecause of a mosquito- transmitted virus, applying adulticides ma.~' be a necessary first course of a~ion, to reduce the abundance of potentially infected host-seeking females. Although there are a number of factors to consider when selecting an adulticide (e.g., metlnod of application, efficacy under certain environmental conditions, impa~ on the enwronment and non-target oraanisms, cost and availability, etc.), it is recommended that on'.f procu~s ',vitn a history of use in C~nada and recent human health and environmental risk assessments, conducted by' the US Environmental Protection Agency or the P~,IP& of Health Canaca, be used. ',',hen applied using ground- based equipment, malathion and chlorpyrifos meet these criteria. However, malathion is the only product currently registered for aerial application which sat:sties these criteria. Alternative application techniques (e.g., thermal fogging or residual sprays) or other reoistered adulticides (e.g., resmethrin or propoxur) could be used, if the recommended ones are not readily available. Appendix C provides a list of adulticides currently registered in Canada. 3.3.4 Adulticiding Equipment 3.3.4,1 Equipment Used for Residual or Barrier Treatments: One way to control adult mosquitoes is to use barrier spray treatments. Th:.s invoives spraying a dilute insecticide onto a band of vegetation surrounding the area to be prorated (e.g., a backyard, a cemetery, a park, or a golf course). The treatment leaves the insecticide on plant leaf surfaces. When mosquitoes fly from the harborage or resting areas (e.g., nearby woods) through this zone, they land on the treated vegetation and die or they are repelled and do not move into the open to bite. Only chtorpyrifos, methoxychlor and permethrin are registered for this type of ap~iication in Canada, and permethrin is not intended for perimeter control around large areas such as parks. Equipment for such applications varies v, ith the s~ze of the area to be prote~ed. Lt can range from a small hand sprayer to a motorized backpacx sprayer to larger truck or aircra~-mounted units. 3.3.4.2 Equipment Used for Large-Area ULV Treatments Ultralow volume sprayers (sometimes called cold loggers) produce ciouds of tiny droplets that slowly drift downwind from the sprayer, killing any mosquitoes that are conta~ed. The droplets are usually less than 25 microns 15-20 micron range) in diameter (human naif is at)out :LO0 microns thick) and typically are broken down rapidly (within hours) after inse~icide applicatuon, Because the distribution of the droplets depends on air currents and temperature., care must be exercised in determining when to carry out the 20 42 treatments. Likewise, to maximize the efficiency of an adulticiding program, spray programs should be conducted under conditions that favour mosquito activity (i.e., low winds and warm temperatures) and when mosquitoes are most active (i.e., during the evening or early morning hours prior to dawn and shortly after dusk). A Iow level temperature inversion helps to hold the droplets tow to the ground and consistent light wind (15 km/h maximum) serves to propel it through the habitat. Under good conditions, such as a temperature inversion with a slight breeze, an effective swath width up to 100 m or more may be obtained with truck-mounted equipment. For large areas, a heavy-duty, skid-mounted, gasoline- powered, ULV sprayer is needed. The units can be truck-mounted to facilitate treatment of large areas. These truck-mounted units are substantial (and expensive) pieces of spray equipment. The ULV liquid tank usually has a capacity of 20 L. It is normally mounted on a half-ton pickup truck. The driver can operate the equipment remotely from the cab of the vehicle. Flow controllers are available that automatically adjust flow rates to match vehicle speed. The ULV flow unit can be programmed to shut off whenever the when the vehicle stops. Some of the ne,,~er flow controllers are GPS-guided. The vehicle speed, path and output can be satellite-guided and monitored. There are several manufacturers of ULV aerosol generators designed for mosquito control (see Appendix G for supplier listings). 3.3.4.3 Equipment Used for Small-Area ULV Treatments There are very few good sprayers of this type and size. These small sprayers are either carried using a handgrip and/or shoulder strap or are backpack-mounted. A small gasoline engine powers them. Using a special nozzle, an air blast breaks the liquid concentrate up into very small droplets. They are most commonly used for adult mosquito control around tents, buildings, and small recreational areas. Few seem to be designed for rugged use in the field. Note that some workers, after hand holding these units for several hours per day, have reported symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome. If purchasing one of the hand-held units, it would be best to order the optional shoulder sling to minimize this problem (see Appendix G for supplier listings). 3,3.5 Adulticiding Permit As noted above, the licensing and permit system is the key mechanism used by the provinces to control pesticide use. A permit may be required by the municipality for the application of a mosquito adulticide in public parks and golf courses or on residential streets and lanes. A municipality considering a mosquito adulticiding program should contact their provincial environment department (well before starting) to determine if a permit is required. Note that a provincial permit for mosquito adulticiding may set conditions that restrict the use of the adulticide beyond those already specified on the product label. Conditions may include the publication of an official notice to the public and/or the setting of distances for an untreated buffer zone around residents not wishing their properties to be included, exclude certain types of properties (e.g., school grounds, hospital grounds). Municipalities considering mosquito adulticiding as a possible component of their mosquito control program are advised to determine the conditions for such a permit well in advance of the mosquito season. 21 3.3,6 Public Notice of Spray Operations Requirements vary between provinces o~t some sort of pu~i~c notice o" planned spray operations is usually required. Organizations usuali.,,, issue a public notice in ~oca~ ne,vspapers, stating which inse~icides they wil! be using for 'whic~ insec; problems. Persons with sensitive medical condir.~ons may request and ~e ,cranked an untreated buff:er zone around their properties. If the public is concerned about insecticides, they shou,d monitor the caiiv news for spray schedules and they can be advised to take these precautions; · Whenever possible, remain indoors wnen spraying is taking place. · Close winqows during the evening hours. · ]~f you have to remain outdoors, avo~ e';,e contact with the s~ray, if vou get drops of the insecticide spray in your eyes, immediately rinse them with water or eye drops. · Wash exposed skin surfaces with soap and water if you come in contact with insecticide. · Wash homegrown fruits and vegetables with water before cooking or eating them. · Cover outdoor tables and play equipment or rinse them off with water after spraying is finished. · Bring laundry, toys, and pets indoors before spraying ~egins. · Cover ornamental fish ponds to avoid direct exposure. Orcanizations can be proa~ive with pesticide-related health concerns by usina the least-toxic materials in their mosquito control programs and by ensuring that the public is fuliy aware of the reasons for choosing a given insecticide. 3.3.7 Adulticiding Procedures When a larviciding program fails to proviae aaequate mosquito control, b~o procedures may be followed to reduce adult mosquito levels; residual adulticide treatmen~ and ULV treatments. First, residual adulticide treatments may be made to mosquito restlng sites, rflosquitoes resting in these areas may be killed for several days after treatment, depending on the residual activiq/of the insecticide that is used. Resting sites include: · Vegetation surrounding larYal breeding sites to kill any emerging adult mosquitoes. · Vegetation surrounding breeding sites that cannot be treated with larvicide (e.g., wildlife refuge). · Vegetation surrounding an area to be protected (e.g., outer margins of a park). · Vegetation in wide, grassy ditches where mosquitoes rest during the day. Second, ULV spraying may be carried out in recreational and/or residential areas. When objective data indicates an adult mosquito nuisance or disease problem, ULV treatments usuali,/begin as soon as possible. A b/pical sequence of events is as foliows: · Above-tolerable mosquito leve!s or disease risk is apparent. · Public notice of the problem and a schedule for the planned spray program is given. · Crews are assigned areas to treat, usually in the evening hours~ bebveen dusk and dawn. · Areas are treated, usually beginning in recreational areas or the worst infested residential area. · Areas are treated on a rotational basis until the problem is resolved. 4 3 22 3.3.8 Monitoring Effectiveness of Adulticiding Small areas can be selected to assess the effectiveness of a specific adulticide. Landing counts are made, before and after treatment, to determine the number of landing adults per minute. Typically, a mosquito adulticide will give >85% control within 8 hours of treatment. :If all label directions were followed and the adulticide gave significantly less than 85% control, that batch of the adulticide should be tested to determine 'if i~: meets chemical specifications. Reduced levels of control can be caused by reduced potency of insecticide due to poor (or extended) storage conditions. Rigorous testing may also include caged mosquito bioassays. An adulticiding program may be evaluated by various methods. Continuing citizen complaints of intolerable levels of mosquitoes or higher than expected numbers of mosquitoes collected in landing counts or mosquito traps, after the ULV treatment, may indicate a failure of the overall mosquito adulticiding program. Such failures are usually the result of limited operational resources. There may not be as many operators and ULV sprayers available as necessary to treat the entire control zone in a timely manner. Although only one operator-ULV unit may be adequate for a small town, 15-20 operator-ULV units may be required for a large city. Similarly road access may have an impact on effectiveness of control when truck- mounted adulticiding equipment is used. Spray equipment mounted on ATVs can provide access to remote areas (,i.e., bicycle pathways, walking trails, golf courses, etc.) that may harbour significant numbers of adult mosquitoes. As with application of larviddes, operator error that results in improper as~[ication rates or calibration of spray equipment can also lead to reduced levels of adult mosquito control. Unfortunately, because most mosquito control organizations emphasize larviciding, they are under-equipped when the need for adulticiding becomes apparent. 4. Record-keeping Legal Requirements All pesticide use programs in Canada require some record-keeping. Host provinces require detailed records of when and where pesticides are used, the kinds and amounts used, who made the applications, the weather conditions occurring during the treatment, and the areas involved. In addition, some agencies require that all treatments be justified through pest monitoring surveys and records. To facilitate record-keeping by municipalities carrying out mosquito larviciding and adulticiding, several basic record forms have been developed (see Appendix A) that will allow municipalities to record larval and adult mosquito surveys and larviciding and adulticiding operations. F4ost mosquito control agencies maintain a host of other records directly relating to mosquito control operations. These other records may include: · Employee classroom and on-the-job training. · Occupational safety and health training and information distribution. · Employee health records. · Citizen inquiries and complaints. Alt of the forms that are used can be filled out manually or be converted so they can be used to make computer records directly in the office or field. Computerized record-keeping is the most efficient means of completing, maintaining, and summarizing mosquito surveillance and control operations. 23 4,2 Computerized Record-keeping System Although some mosquito control ac, encies ha..,e developed s2ecia~ ~a;ah~ases for their records, a new so~,~areprogram has recently~ecomeavailablethetisspeoai~ ~es~ne~ for this purpose, it is called the "Vector Control ,qanagement~ysr,=~-- ..... or VCrvlS. it is an integrated database, computer mapping, and field data coile:ti3n s,stem desiened for mosquito control organizations. ]t includes modules for: · Logging and trackine of citizen compiaints and service reoues%. · Mosquito collection and trapping. · insecticide applications and reguJator? reports. · Tracking of work assignments, ~nc!uding detailed dali'./time ant task recording. · Virus testing (sentinel flocks, mosquito pools, e[c.) and reiated lap reporting. · Mosquito breeding and trap site mapping. Although this system could be used on a laptop computer in the fie~C, it can a'.so be combined with Palm Pilot and Windows CE devices for ease of field data collection. Assessing Proposals for Mosquito Control Services Although most municipalities prefer ~o cart>.' out their own mosquito control program, some municipalities may prefer to hire a professional mosquito control service. S~,~Jn.~'=-,~ ~ a mosquito control service best suited to a municipality's needs is not an oas';,' task. There. are several things to consider. First, consider the legalities. Anyone perform~ne commercia', pest control must be licensed in the province involved. Make sure that the company that you dee, w'.tn uses OhiO' employees that have valid mosquito control applicator licenses to pe~orm sen¢ices that ~'ou need. Operators of mosquito control equipment must be trained not only in the proper use and maintenance of the equipment but also in the proper application of the insecticide that they are using. Second, investigate such services carefuhy and well in ad,'ance of the neee. Although mosquitoes can cause a significant problem if left unchecked, do not rush to make a decision about mosquito control services, it is betl:er to spend a few extra gays or weeks evaiua?no the safest, most effective, and economical way to solve the problem. Review the listing of the major companies in Canada involved in mosquito control provided in Appendices E and G. Also, consult with provincial regulatory officials to aetermine who else might be licensed to provide the full range of services that you require in your area of the province. Talk with mosquito control workers in other municipalities to see if they have used such services or have used the company that you are considering. Find out which companies have done a good job and why. Ask about their particular mosquito problem, the services the company provide¢,, how satisfied they were with the results, and the company's fees. A reputable, experlenced company wiil be glad to provide references for you on work done in other mun~cipaiities. Ask: for the names and telephone numbers of key contacts in those other municipalities. Because mosquito control, whether it be mosquito lan~'icidine or mossuito adulticiding, must be based on good surveillance data, determine who is Pest suited to provi¢e this information (i.e., the municipality, For more information, contact sales{~h~ex..:om or telephone 24 4 46 another independent company, or the company paid to conduct the adulticiding or larviciding). P~emember that any statements made by the company that larviciding or adulticiding is necessary must be supported by valid data. Reputable firms will give you the names of the products that they intend to use and provide you with information on any required precautionary measures, You should be able to obtain a copy of the Canadian product labels and material safeb/data sheets upon request. If a pest control service is unable, reluctant, or unwilling to provide any of this information, seriously consider hiring another company. Talk with representatives from several mosquito control companies and get written quotations. Get all of the facts and details straight before signing a contract. You should have several companies assess the proPlem and present a plan for correcting it. The lowest bidder or the firm in your area may not necessarily provide all the services you need. Check with the Better Business Bureau in their area :o see if any complaints have been lodged against the company. A detailed, written proposal should be obtained prior to any mosquito control work. The written contract should include a complete listing of ail of the services and costs included. The services to be performed must be fully documented. Ask for a complete inventory of the mosquito surveillance and spray equipment that the firm intends to ~se in your municipality (including a detailed description of the type and number of units in good working condition). Don't settle for a contract or an invoice that simply says, for example, "mosquito control". If the mosquito control company needs to treat specific areas, these areas should be listed. The name, concentration, and total volume of any insecticide to be used should also be stated on the contract or invoice. Determine the steps you need to take (e.g., issuance of a public notice) before the mosquito control program begins. This helps everything go smoothly during the program and ensures that you receive maximum results. Double check that everything is understandable and reasonable before you enter into a contract. Good communication with your mosquito company helps prevent misunderstandings and problems. The mosquito control professional servicing your municipalih/considers you a valued customer and is there to help you. Never hesitate to ask questions about the service you are receiving. Mosquito Control Resources There is no shortage of information available on mosquito biology and control or disease vector surveillance and control. Experts in government, industry, and universities who can be consulted about mosquito control. Mosquito control workers in municipalities across Canada can advise on the practical aspects of mosquito surveillance and control. Suppliers can be contacted regarding the prices and availability of services, equipment and materials. Research can be done on the ]:nternet by visiting mosquito control related websites. Reports and publications on mosquito biology and control can be obtained for in-depth study. A series of appendices, listed below, has been attached to facilitate the implementation of new mosquito control programs. 25 J List of Appendices To facilitate the implementation of a musiopa~ mosquito sun~eiiiance and control program and the location of key resources, a series of a33endices have been anached to this report.,: Appendix A. Appendix B. Appendix C. Appendix D. Appendix E. Appendix F. Appendix G. Appendix H. Appendix I. Appendix 3. Larval and Adult Mosquito Survey and Controi Forms. Mosquito Larvicides in Canaca. Mosquito Adulticides in Canada. Larval Sampling Procedure. Hosquito Workers. Government Officials. Suppliers Of Services, Equipment And Haterials. Mosquito Control Related Websites. Technicai Reports and Publications. Glossary of Technical Terms. 26 48 Appendix A. Larval and Adult Mosquito Survey and Control Forms. LARVAL HOS(~UITO SURVEY FORM COLLECTION DATA Date: Location No.:~ Collector's Name: Location Desc;,ption (if no location no,): BREEDING SITE DESCRIPTION Site Type (Check one): Catch Basin_ Tire Dump_ Tire_ Watering Trough_ Artificial Container_ Roadside Ditch_ Right-of-Way Ditch_ Woodland Pool_ Field Pool_ Sewage Lagoon_ Dugout_ Creek_ Culvert_ Slough_ Pond_ Rock Pool:_ Tree Hole:_ St,'-e: ¥,De of Site :33 Length/m): __ Width (m):__ Depth (m):__ tEmergent Vegetation: Nil_ Low_ Mod._ High_ SEQUENTIAL SAMPLING Pooi rating: Nil__ Low__ Moderate__ High __ Dip No. No. of Larvae Cumulative No, Dip No. No, Larvae Cumulative No. 1 6 2 7 3 8 4 9 5 J 10 Species Code No. Identified Species Code No. Identified Species Code No. Identified 27 LARVAL MOSQUITO MANAGEMENT FORM APPLICATION DATA Da[e: ~ccation: Apphcatc, r s Name: Appiiea:c-s F, em: TAP,?ET MOSQUITO LAR",,'~,E L Other (speci[7): Aedes: __ Ouiex __ ',.",uiiseta ___ r z,,. er:ta~,,~s __ Anopne;es __ ~c:..: etL: a __ ~'ssrg?cra __ LARVIC1DE USED ingredient:: L hame :?--'Reg Nc Rate uses: Amount Use:: Wind speed: ___ xc-.h Ambient Temsers.:~,re ____ ,se~c S Spray Equipment Used: Specifc Areas Treated tindicate number of hectares for oas;' area PERSONNELINVOLVED Authorizedby: Name Rank: &pphcaDcn made by: Name F, ap, K 28 ADULT MO$flUITO SURVEY FORM COLL=,STION DATA Date: Location No.: Collector's Name: Location Description (if no location no.): HABITAT DESCRIPTION Habitat Type (Check one): Playground _ Sports Field _ Golf Course _ Swimming Pool _ Backyard _ Undeveloped Area Woodland _ Landfill _ Sewage Lagoon _SchooIyard_ OtherType of Site Characteristics: Weedy Vegetation: Nil_ Low_ Mod._ High_ L'~RD]!,,C.-BITING COUNTS (10 minutes each) Time of Day: h Number No. of Mosquitoes Count Number No. of Mosquitoes Count Number No. of Mosquitoes 6 11 7 12 8 13 9 t4 10 15 Average No. of Landing or Biting Mosquitoes per Minute (based on minimum of 10 minutes) Mosquitoes/Minute SPECIES IDENTIFICATION Species Code No. Identified Species Code No. Identified Species Code No. Identified 29 ADULT MOSQUITO CONTROL FORM APPLICATION DATA Date Applisator's Name: ,&,:Diisatcr s r~,arl? '"' ~ ADULTICIDE USED Active Ingredient:: Spray Equipment Used: Soec:,fic Areas Treated (indicate number of hectares fcr ea:- area' PERSONNEL INVOLVED Authorized by: Name: Fosition: Application made by: Name: Pos~uon: 3O Appendix B. Products registered for larval mosquito control in Canada. Active Registrant Reg. Product Name5 Ingredient no. BT~6 Abbot~ Laboratories 19455 Vectobac 600L Biological Larvicide Ltd. 19466 Vectobac-200G Biological Larvicide 21062 Vectobac 1200L Biological Larvicide Pestalto 26860 Aquabac xt 26863 Aquabac 200G (t8.1 kg bag) 26862 Aquabac 200G (5 kg bag) Thermo Trilogy 19241 Teknar HP-D Larvicide for Hosquito and Blackfly Corporation7 Control 19239 Teknar Granules Larvicide for Hosquito Control Chlorpyrifos Dow Agrosciences 12223 Dursban 21/2 G Insecticide Granules Canada Inc. Makhteshim Agan N.A. 23704 Pyrate 480 EC for Non-Food Uses United Agri Products 24649 Klor 2.5 G Insecticide Granules Diflubenzuron Uniroyal Chemical Ltd. 13816 Dimilin 25% WP Insecticide Insect Growth Regulator Fenthion Ditchling Corp. Ltd. 10146 Fenthion 50E EC Insecticide Malathion Cheminova Inc. 4590 Fyfanon Emulsifiable Concentrate Insecticide Ditchling Corp. Ltd 9975 Malathion 50E Emulsifiable Liquid Insecticide Sanex Agro Inc. 16099 Wilson Malathion 50 E.C. Liquid Inse~icide Methoprene Weltmark International 21809 Attosid Pellets Mosquito Growth Regulator s Some of the products in this listing are currently under re-evaluation by Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (e.g., chlorpyrifos and fenthion) and may cease to be available or may become highly restricted in the near future. 6 BI1 = Ba£i//u$ thuringien$/$ israe/en$/$. 7 GDG Environnement Ltee., 375, rue Vechon, Cap-de-la-Hadeleine, QC G8T 8P6, Tel 819-373-3097, Fax 819-373-6832, supply Vectobac. Pestalto (Dr. Barry Tyler), R.R. #2, Erin, Ontario, NOB 1T0, Telephone 519-833-0084-, Fax 519-833-0084-, h~tp://www.pestalto.com, supply Aquabac. 5ylvico [nc., 195 St. Charles Street West, Suite 305, Longueuil, QC .14-H 1C8, Tel 4-50-64-6-4-74-6, Fax 450-646-5532. Email: reNan.bergevin@sylvico.com, supply Teknar. 31 AppendixC. Products registered for adult mosquito control in Canada, I Active predients Class' Number of products&registration numbers~ Method of application Ultralow volume (ULV) sprays IMaiathion Propoxur Dichlorvos Resmethrin Pyrethrins aP aP ~ py PY (5). Re.g. Nos. 9237,16099,!6!98,23840,25635 (6). Reg. Nos. 116,29, 11313, 13112, !8565, 16069,24380 (5). Reg. Nos.!3349,16476,!9683,22751, 23914 ,'~),,_. Rea. No. ~q!$7, (3). Reg. Nos. i!$55, 13378, 14632 Ground or Air Ground or ,Air Grc, undonb Ground only Ground only Fogs or residual sprays Malathion Chlorpyrifos Dichlorvos PropoxuF Methoxychtor Pyrethrins aP aP aP aC 'py (3). Reg. Nos. 4590,9975, 16099 (3). Reg. Nos. 23704, 24414, 24945 (8), Reg. Nos. 11819, 13349, 16476, 19680, 22761,22776,22777 (7). Reg. Nos. 13212, 13934, 14831, 15565, 22590, 24380 (i). Reg. No. !3727 fag (ground) residua! sprav (ground) "o ~ (ground) ~n~rm~l fog thermal fog (ground) thermal f~c~_, (ground), residual spra',' ('~ fog (ground) *CA= carbamate; OC=organochtorine; aP= organophosphate PY = pyrethroid ~ The registration numbers of these produ~s are ~rovided as examples only This ~st will soon become outdated because many of the insecticides are currentiy under ree',alJatic, n. 32 Appendix D. Larval Sampling Procedure, A standard system for sampling mosquito breeding sites will save time and simplify record-keeping. A sequential sampling technique, such as that developed by Wada (1965) and used by several Canadian municipalities, can be used to estimate larval abundance and to determine if larviciding is necessary. The method described below enables an inspector to rank a pool as without larvae or with larvae at a iow, moderate or high level. Depending on the time and mosquito management resources that are available, this sampling system allows one to decide on which level of pools to treat. If there was sufficient time and resources, pools that were ranked as medium or high could be Treated. If not, only the high-ranked pools would be treated. Unless very large in size, the pools ranked Iow would contain too few mosquitoes to justify treatment. If the number of pools involved in the control program are all relatively small and few in number (e.g., less than 150), a priority system might be established to treat only those pools with moderate or high numbers of larvae. The larval survey form (shown in Appendix A) can be used by the person carrying out the survey of larval breeding sites. It is based on the following sequential sampling table: Cumulative Number of Mosquito Larvae Number of Dips Low Moderate High 1 > 31 2 > 36 3 >41 4 2-3 >46 5 4-5 >51 6 5-7 >56 7 7- 10 > 61 8 7 - 15 > 66 9 1 7 - 20 > 71 10 t - 2 7 - 30 > 76 Thus, the pool sampled is ranked by the surveyor using the following method: · If the number of larvae collected in at least 5 dips is 31 or more, the site is rated as "high". · If only i or 2 larvae are collected in 10 dips, the site is rated as "low". · if no larvae are collected, the site is rated as "nil". · 10 dips must be taken to distinguish between "moderate' and "high". Note that, if the surface area of the larval breeding site is greater than 50 m by 50 m (2500 m2), then the number of dips taken must be doubled. As a result of the above information sheet and map records, a mosquito abatement operation will become much easier with time. The importance of such larval surveys will diminish as the years pass and the survey approaches completion. However, it must be remembered that each new land development may change the number and location of breeding sites. In addition, there will always be an ever changing number and distribution of container breeding sites that require monitoring, not so much for the number but rather the kinds of mosquitoes present. 33 Appendix E, Mosquito Workers. There area number of mosquito biolog'/ and control experts ir, Canada. Some are private consultants whiie others are municipal officials or un~versi~/ researchers. PossiOle contacts in:iude' Consultants Dr. Roy Ellis Prairie Pest Management PO Box 757 Carman, MB ROG 0]0 Tel 204-745-6200, Fax 204-745-6200 Email: royellis@mb.sympatico.ca Services: Consults on all aspects of integrated pest management, inctudin:~ the methods, materials, and equipment used in mosquito surveillance ana control. Municipal Mosquito Control Workers Jeffrey Balone, Foreman, Pest l~anagement City of Saskatoon, Infrastructure Services Department 1101 Ave. P North Saskatoon, SK Canada SSL 7K6 Tel 306-975-2766 Email: jeffrey.balone©city.saskatoon.sk.ca Services; Can advise on mosquito control methods, materials, and equipment. Bill Boieeie City of Port Coquittam 2580 Shaughnessy Street Port Coquitlam, BC V3C 2A8 Tel 604-944-5447, Fax 604-944-5448 Emait; wboieeie©hotmail.com Services: Can advise on mosquito control methods, materials, and equipment. Randy Gadawski City of Winnipeg Insect Control Branch !5 Conservatory Drive Winnipeg, MB R3P 2N5 Tel 204-986-3794 Fax 204-986-4050 EmaiI: rgadawsk@city.winnipeg.mb.ca Services: Directs the largest mosquito control program in Canada and can provide advice on methods, materials, and equipment used in mosquito surveillance and control. Grant Moir City of Red Deer PO Box 5008 Red Deer, AB T4N 3T4 Tel 403-342-8159 Email: Not available Ser~.'ices: Can advise on mosquito control methods, materials, and equipment. 34 56 o V-07_ Wade Morrow City of Regina 2476 Victoria Avenue Regina, SK S4P 3C8 Tel 306-777-7731 Email: wmorrow@cib/regina.com Services: Can advise on mosquito control methods, materials, and equipment. Todd Reichardt Park Development & Operations #82 Community Vitality & Protection P.O. Box 2:100 Stn "M" Calgary, Alberta CA Tel 403-22:1-3977, Fax 403-221-3982 Email todd.reichardt@gov.calgary.ab.ca Sen/ices: Can advise on mosquito control methods, materials, and equipment. Chris Saunders C%' of Edmonton Community Services P,i.~'er Valley, Forestry & Environmental Services PO Box 2359 Edmonton, AB TS_] 2R7 Tel 403-496-6395, Fax ~03-496-~978 Email: chris.saunders@gov.edmonton.ab.ca Services; Can advise on mosquito control methods, materials, and equipment. Jeff Scott, Assistant General Director, Greater Ntoncton Mosquito Control Commission City Hall, 655 Main Street Moncton, NB Canada, E1C 1E8 Tel: (506) 859-2605 (506) 859-2670 Fax: (506) 853-3543 Email: jeff. scott@moncton.org Services: The Greater Moncton Pest Control Commission follows an :integrated Pest Management model in its efforts to control mosquitoes. The Commission has information on its mosquito control program annually conducted in the greater Moncton area. University Researchers Dr. Rob Anderson Department of Biological Sciences Simon Fraser University Burnaby, BC, V5A 1S6 Tel 604-29:1-~q62, Fax 604-291-3496 Email: raa@sfu.ca Services: Can provide advice on methods, materials, and equipment used in mosquito surveillance and control. (Note: Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Avenue Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, R3B 2E9, as of July 1, 2001) 35 Dr..~acques Boisve~ Department of Biology University of quesec Trois-Rivieres, QC GgA 5H? Tel 8i9-376-5053, Fax 8i9-376-50S4 EmaiJ: jacques_boisvert 8uatr.uque~ec.ca Services; Can provide aavice on metho_ns, materiais, end equipment used rn rr,,osquito surv'eillance and control. Dr Jean-Pierre Bourassa D6partement de chimie-biologie, Universit~ du Quebec a Trois-Rivi&res, 3351 boul. des Forges, Trois-Riviares, Ou6bec GgA-SH7 Tel 819-376-5053 poste 3361 Fax 819-376 5084 Email: jean-pierre_bourassa~'uq?, uquebec.ca Services; Can provide advice on mosquito surveillance methods and ma:erlals. Dr. Donna Giberson Department of Biology Universi~ of Prince Edward Island 550 University Avenue Charlottetown, PE CiA 4P3 Tel 902-566-0797, Fax 902-566-0740 Email; dgiberson@upei.ca Services: Can provide advice on mosquito su~eillance methods and materials. Dr. David Lewis I~lacdonald Campus klcGill University Nat. IRes. Sci., Ste. Anne-de-Bellevue, QC HgX 3V9 Tel 514-398-7909, Fax 5:1.~-398-7990 Email: lewis&~nrs.mcgill.ca Services: Can provide advice on mosquito su~eiilance methods and materials. Dr. Gord Surgeoner, President Ontario AgriFood Technologies i Stone Road Guelph, ON NiG qY2 Tel 519-826-4195, Fax 519-826-3389 Email: oaft@sentex.net Services: Can provide advice on mosquito surveillance methods and materials. 36 Appendix F, Provincial Government Officials. For information on applicator licensing, regulations and permit requirements associated with mosquito control, contact your provincial representative: Karen Ryan Manager, Pesticides Control Section NF Department of Environment and Labour 4th Floor, West Block, Confederation Building P.O. Box 8700 St. 3ohn's, NF A:1B 4J6 Tel 709-729-5707, 1-800-563-6:181, Fax 709-729-6969 Email: kryan@mail.gov.nf.oa PEI Agriculture & Forestry Pesticide Regulatory Program P.O. Box 306 Kensington, PE COB 1M0 Tel 902-836-8925, Fax 902-836-8921 Email: dreeves@agric.gov.pe.ca Website: hLtp://www.gov.pe.ca/ NS Department of the Environment and Labour 5151 Terminal Road, 5th Floor P.O. Box 697 Halifax, NS B3.1 2T8 Tel 902-424-5300, Fax 902-424-0503 Centre for Continuing & Distance Education, Pesticide Applicator Training Nova Scotia Agricultural College PO Box 550 Truro, NS B2N 5E3 Tel 902 893-6666, Fax 902-895-5528 Email: cde@nsac.ns.ca Brad Skinner, Amherst District Manager NS Department of Environment and Labour 32 Church Street Amherst, NS B4H 4A8 Tel 902-667-6205 Fax 902-667-6214 Email: skinnebl@gov.ns.ca Kathy Stapleton Pesticide Management Unit NB Department of Environment and Local Government P.O. Box 6000 Fredericton, NB E3B 5H1 Tel 506-453-7945, 1-800-561-4036, Fax 506-453-2390 E-mail: pesticides@gnb.ca 37 Quebec Ministere de l'Environment Direction r~gionale de Montraa! 5199, rue Sher~)rooke Est, Bureau 3860 Flontr~al, QC HiT 3X9 Te 514-873~3636, Fax 514-873-5662 Email '. (~r06(~menv.gouv.qc.ca Min!stere de I'Environnement Direction des politiques du secteur agricoie 67.5, boul. Rene-Levesque, Est, 8e etage, boite 26 Quebec (Quebec) GiP~ 5V7 Tel 418-521-3829, Fax 418-528-1035 E-mail; cecile.laverdiere~,menv.gouv.qc.ca Website: http://www.mef.gouv.qc.ca Geoff Cutten Senior Pesticides Regulatory Scientist Pesticides Section Standards Development Branch 40 St. Clair Avenue West, 7TM floor, Toronto, ON M4V 1M2 Tel 416-327-5174, Fax 416-327-2936 Email: geoff.cutten@ene.gov.on.c~ ON Ministry of Environment and Energy (Pesticide Applicator/Operator Licensing) Approvals Branch - Approvals & Client Se.~ices 2 St. Clair Ave. W., 12A Floor Toronto, ON M4V ILS Tel 416-314-8292, Fax 416-3!4-7271 Website: http://vvww.ene.gov.o n. ce Ken Plews Pesticide/Fertilizer Approvals Environmental Stewardship Branch Manitoba Conservation 123 Main Street, Suite 160 Winnipeg, MB R3C 1A5 Tel 204-945-7482, Fax 204-945-1211 Email: kplews@gov.mb.ca Website: http://www.gov.mb.ca/environ Rhona Kurtz Manitoba Agriculture Pesticide Licensing Room 201 - 545 University Crescent Winnipeg MB R3T 5S6 Tel 204-945-7706, Fax 204-945-4327 E-mail: r. kurtz@agr.gov.mb.ca Website: http://www.gov.mb.ca 38 6O Scott Hartley Saskatchewan Agriculture Sustainable Production Branch Room 125, 3085 Albert Street Regina, SK 54S 0B1 Tel 306-787-4669, Fax 306-787-0428 Emaih n/a Joe Muldoon Saskatchewan Environment Environmental Protection Room 224, 3211 Albert Street Regina, SK S4S 5W6 Tel 306-787-6178, Fax 306-787-0197 Ernail: joe.muldoon.erm@govmail.gov.sk.ca Neil Wandler Alberta Environment 5th Floor, Oxbridge Place 9820 - 106 Street Edmonton, AB TSK 236 Tel 780-427-0054, Fax 780-422-5120 Emait: neil.wandler@gov.ab.ca Website: http://www.gov.ab.ca/env/protenf/pesticide/ ]ock NIclntosh Alberta Environment 5th Floor, Oxbridge Place 9820 - 106 Street Edmonton, AB TSK 236 Tel 780-427-0031, Fax 780-422-5120 Email: jock.mcintosh@gov.ab.ca Linda Gilkeson BC Ministry of Environment, Lands & Parks Pollution Prevention & Remediation Branch P.O. Box 9342 STN. PROV. GOVT Vi~oria, BC V8W 9rvll Tel 250-387-4441, Fax 250-387-9935 Website: http ://www.env.gov.bc.ca/ Email: linda.gilkeson @gems3.gov.bc.ca 39 RE. POET Appendix 6. Suppliers of Services, Equipment and Materials. Major Canadian suppliers of se,~,~ces, eguipmen:, an,: mater;a~s relating to mosquito control are listed below. The listing shouidoniyDeconsiderec asa sta~;rg po~ntforD,.rchasers ?rovincialapplicator licensing officials can also provide the names of ioca~ 3es~ controi firms that offer some level of mosquito control service. Forest Protection Limited Fredericton Airport 2502 Route ~02 Hwy, Lincoln, NB E3B 7E6 Tel 506-445-6930, Fax 506-446-6934 Contact: David Davies Email: Ddavies~forestprotectionltd.com Services: Large fleet of fixed wing aircraft. (TB!,'., ATS02, M18 Dromader, Cessna :t$8 AgTruck) available for aerial application of adulticides and larvicides. Use latest tecnno ogy indJd, n¢ DGPS, A];MMS, Micronair rotary nozzle systems for UULV applications, spreaders for granu,a, s. Have carried out numerous laree-scale pest control operations in central and eastern ¢~*~ GDG Environnement Ltee. 375, rue Vachon Cap-de-la-Madeleine, qC GST 8P6 Tel 819-373-3097, Fax 8:[9-373-6832 Contact: Christian Back Email: gdg.environnement~,gdg.ca or cnr!stian,back:~gdg.ca Website: http://www.gdg.ca Services; Have carried out mosquito control for several municipalities in eastern Canada, using Vectobac. Sylvico Inc. ]95 St. Charles Street West, Suite 305 Longueuil, QC J4H 1C8 Tel 450-646-4746, Fax 450-646-5532 Contact: Rejean Bergevin, President Emait: rejean.bergevin@sylvico, ca Services: Provide both mosquito surveiliance and larvai control programs, using Teknar. Caledon Helicopters Ltd. RR #3 Dundalk, ON, NOC :[BO Tel 519-923-3563 Contact: Andrew Dobb Services: Have carried mosquito control for municipalit',es and military bases in Ontario. 40 N.K. Rittenhouse & Sons Ltd. Toni Davies, Sales Manager RR 3, 1402 4t~ Avenue St. Catharines, ON L2R 6P9 Tel 905-684-8122; 1-800-461-1041, Fax 905-684-1382 Webpage: www.ri~enhouse.ca Email: toni@riL-tenhouse.c~ Services: Supplier of mosquito control equipment, including sprayers and ULV equipment. Pestalto Environmental Products Inc. Dr. Barry Tyler 5476 Wellington Road 24 R.R,. 2 Erin, ON NOB 1T0 Tel 519-833-0084, Cell: 5:~9-829-8373 Webpage: http://www.pestalto.com/ Email: info@pestalto.com Services: Supplier of mosquito surveillance and control equipment, including Stihl backpack sprayers, ULV sprayers; also distributes Aquabac larvicide. Zimmer Air Services Inc. 9706 Burk Line RR 7 Blenheim, ON N0P lA0 Tel 519-676-9550, Fax 519-676-9552 Webpage: www.zimmerair.com Emait: info@zimmerair.com Services: Have carried out mosquito control programs in Ontario and Labrador. Viceroy Distributors Inc. _~oel Gosselin 65 St. Anne's Road Winnipeg, NIB R2M 2Y4 Tel 204-925-7939, 1-800-565-9995, Fax 204-231-8507 Email: jgosselin@viceroydistributors.mb.ca Services: Supplier of mosquito control equipment, including ULV sprayers. Alpine Helicopters Limited 165 George Craig Blvd N.E. Calgary, Alberta T2E 7H3 Tel 403-291-3100, Fax 403-250-7074, Cell 403-620-3763 Contact: Jim Reid Emaif: Not available Services: They have extensive experience with conventional, accuflow, micro foil and Thru Valve boom spraying systems. Their current spray fleet consists of Bell 212, 206B and 206L-3 helicopters. Conair Aviation ~ick Pedersen, Vice President P.O. Box 220 Abbotsford, BC, V2S 4N9 Tel 604-855~7~, Fax 604-855-~189 Conta~: George Simon or Rick Pede'son Email; rpedersen~aviation.cona~r.ca Se~ices: Large fleet of helicopters and fixed wing aircra~ (DC-6s and 802 Tra~ors) available for aerial application of inse~icide. Use iatest technoiogy~ including GPS and Beecomist no~ie systems for ULV applications. Have carried out numerous iarge-scale emergency mosquito control operations and spruce budworm spray programs in central ant eastern Canada. Western Aerial Applications Ltd., Hangar 1, 8409 Lockheed Place, Chilliwack, BC V2P 8A7 Tel 604-792-3354, Fax 604-972-3358, Toil Free: :1-800-969-299:1 Contact: Jim Cooper Email: ops@western-aerial.com Services: Western Aerial Applications has a fleet of Hiller/Soioy :1heiicopters that are well suited for aerial application work. They have many years of experience in mosquito control, forestry applications, and agricultural work. The'/have carried out the CiT/of Winnipeg's aerial mosquito larviciding for many years. Beecomist Systems 3255 Meetinghouse Road Telford, PA 18969, USA Tel 215-721-9424, Fax 2:15-721-075:1 Services: Manufactures and distributes a varie~' of insecticides, misters, loggers, and sprayers. Clarke Mosquito Control Produo:s Inc. P.O. Box 72288, 159 N. Garden Avenue Roselle, IL 60Z72, USA Tel 708-894-2000, Fax 708-894-1774 Email: info@clarkemosquito.com Website: h~cp://www.cmosquito.com,,'cmo3 defau~;.as[, Services: Provides municipal mosquito controi ser~,ices and distributes mosquito surveillance equipment, including traps, and control equipment, including a varie¥' of ULV sprayers. Curtis Dyna-Products P.O.Box 297, 17335 U.S. Hwy. 31 Nomh Westfield, IN 46074, USA Tel 317-896-2561, Fax 317-896-3788 Email: dynafog@iquest, net Website: http ://www.dynafog.com Services: Manufactures and distributes mosquito adulticiding equipment. 42 3ohn W. Hock Company P.O. Box 12852 Gainesville, Florida 32604 USA Tel 352-378-3209, Fax 352-372-:~838 Email: jwhock@ acceleration, net Website: http://home.acceleration, ne~jwhock/#~ohn%20W.%20Hock%20Company Services: Nlosquito traps and other sampling devices. London Fog :inc. 505 Brimhall Avenue Long Lake, MN 55356, USA Tel 952-~t73-5366, 1-800-448-8525, Fax 952-~t73-5302 Email: (see website for direct: link). Website: http://www.londonfoggers.com Services: Manufactures and distributes mosquito control equipment. 43 Appendix H. Mosquito Control Related Websites, There are literally hundreds of web pages on the interne,t ir, at deal specifically with mosquitoes. Unfortunately', very few of tlnem are Canadian. When visitin: non-Canadian web pages, remember that many of the insecticides mentioned are net registered in Canada. Some of the more informative web pages are listed below and nave links to additional mosquito biology and control web pages; · City of Winnipeg's Mos~uiEo Con:roi Program · City of P. eeina's F1osquito Contro! ?to,ram · American iviosquito Control Associatior, · Michigan Mosquito Control Association · Mid-Atlantic Mosquito Control Association · New _~erse¥ Mosquito Control Association · Northeastern Mosquito Control ?',ssoc;ation · Northwest Mosquito &Vector Control Association · US EPA mosquito pesticide information · EXTOXNET, The EXtension TOXi.:oiog) I'q:-Twork · Florida Medical Entomology La~ · ~t-' ' Harvard School of Public Heal.pi, hloszu~to-Borne Viruses · US CDC's Home Page · World Health Organization · F~osquito-L Mailing List · ]:owa State University Entomology image Galie~' · Key to the Mosquito Genera of North American and Mexico · Mosquito-Borne Diseases · West Nile Fever · Greater Moncton Pest Control Commission 44 Appendix I. Technical Reports and Publications. There are hundreds of thousands of technical publications on mosquito biology and control. A few key publications are listed below. A municipality that is just beginning to develop a mosquito control program is advised to obtain a copy of the publications marked with an asterisk (*) below. Akesson, N.B., and W.E. Yates, 1982. The use of aircraft for mosquito control. AMCA Bull. 1:Z-96. Anonymous, 1974. Equipment for vector control. WHO Manual, Geneva, Switzerland. 179 p. Anonymous, 1977. Guidelines for municipal mosquito abatement programs. Ont. Ministry Envir., Facts About Pesticides 20-02-15.7 p. Anonymous, Z990. Equipment for vector control. World Health Organization, Geneva. 3:~0 p. Artsob, H., and L. Spence, 1979. Arboviruses in Canada. p. 39-65 :In Kurstak, E. (Ed.). Arctic and tropical arboviruses. Academic Press. Artsob, H., L. Spence, and C. Th'ng, 1979. Horses as monitors for arboviral activity in southern Ontario. p. 233-243 in NI.S. Mahdy, L. Spence, and 3.M. _Joshua (Fds.). Arboviral Encephalitides in Ontario With Special P,eference to St. Louis Encephalitis. Ontario Ministry of Health. Berry, P,.A., and K.W. Ludlam, 1976. Field evaluations of ULV applications to control adult mosquitoes in Maryland. Proc. NJ Mosquito Exterm. Assoc., p. 194-t96. Brust, R.A., and P,.A. Ellis, 1976b. Assessment of the emergency mosquito control operation in Manitoba, 1975. Can. ]. Publ. Hlth. 67 (Suppl.):69-71. Brust, P,.A., and P,.A. Ellis, 1976a. Mosquito surveys in Manitoba during 1975. Can. J. Publ. Hlth. 67 (Suppl.):47-53. Brust, R.A, 1982. Population dynamics of CLz/ex tarsa#$Coquiltett in Manitoba. in Sekla, L. (Ed.), 1982. Western Equine Encephalitis in Manitoba. Manitoba Health Services Commission. p. 21-30. Brust, P~.A, 1984. Mosquito Control Evaluations. in Final Technical P,eport Volume Environmental Monitoring Program for the 1983 Aerial Spraying of Malathion to Combat Western Equine Encephalitis. Manitoba Environment, Workplace Safety and Health. p. 189-225. Brust, R.A., P,.A. Ellis, and K.W. Plews, :1.976. Guidelines for mosquito control in Manitoba. Manitoba Nines, Resources, and Environmental Management, :1.9 p. Buth, 3.L, 1983. The bionomics of three potential vectors of Western Equine Encephalitis in Manitoba. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Manitoba. Z12 p. CDC, 1979. Mosquitoes of public health importance and their control. USHEW/CDC, Atlanta. Chapman, H.C. (Ed.), 1985. Biological control of mosquitoes. Bull. Amer. Mosquito Control Assoc. 6. Clarke, _I.L, 1943. Studies of the flight range of mosquitoes. _1. Econ. Fnt. 36:121-122. 45 Cepps, P.T., G.A. Surgeoner, and B.V. HeJso:, :g84..'--,: assessment of sampling techniques for adult mosquitoes in southern Ontario. Pro:. Eh:. Darsie, R.F., and R.A. Ward, :981. :~:~ -~:-~r geographical distribution of the mosquitoes of North America, north of Mexico. Amer. Fiosquito Control Assoc., Fresno. 313 p. Donogh, N.R, 1976. Public information on Western ~-ncepna~omye~,~s and emergent)' mosquito controi ~n Manitoba, 1975. Can. ,~. Pubi. Hith, 67 '.{5'appi. 1):61-62. Eidridge, B.F, 1987b. Strategies for vector surveiilance, ~revent~on, and. control of arbowruses in western America. Am. ]. Trop. Mad. H';,:~. 37" "~' (s,~pp,.~.77-85. Ells, R.A, !982. Emergencymoscui;ove.NorcontrolinFlanitoba. Pa~Z. AerialULVappiicationof inse~cideforlargeareave~orcontro!. Prairie PestMana_~ement. 188 p. Ellis, A.A., and R.A. Brust, 1982. Effectiveness of the emergent)' moseulto ve~or control operations. In . ' ~'~a,,toD~. i,lanitoba Health Sciences Commission. Sekla, L. (Ed.), 1982. Western E(:uine Encer)nai::s in ~ - p. 209-222. ' o~,a~,o,,s during the 1975 Western Ellis, R.A, 1976. Emergency measures and mos,~u!~o control '~' *~ '~ encephalomyelitis outbreak in Manitoba. Car:. :. ~''-: '~:~ 57(Suppl.):59-50. Ellis., R.A., 1976. Emergency measures an,: mosquito control operations Curing~ :975 western encephalomyelitis outbreak in Flanito_na. Can..]. Pus. iic "~ 57(SuDpi.):Se-60 Lon~ro~. Amer. Mcsqui:c Control Assoc. Bull. 4. 'Gray, H.F.., ~96i. Organization for mosquito ~ ~ ' Harwood, R.F., and M.T. James, 1979. Entomology in human, an~ anima ;real:h. M~cmillan, New York. 548 p. Helson, B.V., G.A. Surgeoner, R.E. Wrigr, t., and S.A. Allen, :~:,~, C..~.,.'ex t~,~,.'F a~ze: so///'~'/'~-~/~',.% Aede$ ?~:$beck~. new distribution records from southwestern Ontar c. hlos:u to :,,e,','s 3~.~.~,-1,~8. _ _~ . sou= ~,,:~=,n Ontario, their Heison, B.V., G.A. Surgeoner, and R.E. ?~.'rimht, ~m79 Mosquitoes of .......... seasonal distribution, prevalence and ne,',' records. In Mah:'f, i,!.S., L. S~ence,. and 3.M..Joshua, (Eds.). Arboviral EnceDhalitides in Ontario With S~e:ial Reference t: St. ~' '~ Ence:hailtis. Ontario Ministry of Health. p. ],81-198. Ke~le, D.S., 1984. Medical and veterinaq/entomology. John Wiley and Sons, New York. 658 p. Lofgren, C.S., 1972. Ultralow volume application of inseC:icides. Amer. _}. Trop. Med. Hyg. 21:819-824. *Lofgren, C.S., 1970. Ultralow volume applications of concentrated insecticides in medical and veterinary entomology. Annu. Rev. Ent. 15:32t-342. *Lowe, R.]., 1977. Starting a mosquito contro; program. !.leseuito Ne'~',s 37(1):141-1~2. MacKenzie, D.L, !979. Mosquito controi in Ontario prior t:, durin~q and fo!iowing the St. Louis encephalitis outbreak, in Mhady, M.S., L. Spence, and _].Fl. Joshua (Eds.). Arboviral Encephalitides in Ontario With Special Reference to St. Louis Encephalitis. Ontario Fiinistq' of Health. p. 282-332. 46 MaddeF, D.J., G.A. SuFgeoneF, and B.V. HeIson, 1983b. NumbeF oF geneFations, egg pFoduction, and developmental time of Cu/exp/g/em.s and Cu/ez festuan~c {DipteFa: Culicidae) in southeFn OntaFiO. J. Med. Ent. 20:27_5-287. MaddeF, D.J., R.S. MacDonald, G.A. SuFgeoneF, and B.V. Helson, 1-980. The use oF oviposition activity, to monitoF populations oF Cu/ez p/p/ems and Cu/ex Festua~ (DipteFa: Culicidae). Can. Ent. 112:101- 3-1017. · Magu, M.R., 1981. A survey oF the administFation, oFganization and opeFation oF AmeFican mosquito contFoI agencies. Mosquito News 41(1):13-17. Mahdy, M.S., L. $pence, and J.M. Joshua (Eds.), ~979. AFbOViFal Encephalitides in OntaFio With Special ReFeFence to St. Louis Encephalitis. In The Committee on PFOgFams FOF the PFevention oF Mosquito-boFne Encephalitis. OntaFio Min]stFy OF Health. xiii + 364 p. ~lcLean, D.M, 1975. AFbOViFUSeS and human health in Canada. Associate Committee on ScientiFic CF]teFia FOF EnviFonmental Quality. National ReseaFch Council oF Canada, No. 1-4106. ID. t_-35. McLintock, J., and J. IveFsen, 1975. Mosquitoes and human disease in Canada. Can. Ent. 107:695-704. McLintock, J, 1978. Mosquito-viFuS FeIationships oF AmeFican encephalitides. Ann. Rev. Ent. 23:1-7-37. McLintock, J, 1-976. The aFboviFUS pFoblem in Canada. Can. 3. Publ. HIth. (Suppl. 1):8-12. Monath, T.P, 1979. AFthFopod-boFne encephalitis in the AmeFicas. Bull. W.H.O. _57:51-3-533. Fqonath, T.P. (Ed.), 1-980. St. Louis Encephalitis. AmeF. Public Health Assoc., Washington, D.C., 680 p. ~lomath, T.P, ~984. EcolOgy and contFoI Of mosquito-boFne aFbOviFUS disease. In KuFstak, E., and R.G. PlaFuSyk (Eds.), 1-984. COntFoI O~ ViFUS Diseases. MaFcel DekkeF, Inc., New YOFk. p. 1-15-~34. Mount, G.A., 1-979. UItFa-low volume application of insecticides: a guide fOF vectoF contFoI pFOgFams. VVHO/VBC/79.734. OfiaFa, D.D., and J.R. Atlison, 1986. A compaFison of alteFnative mosquito abatement methods using beneFit-cost analysis. ]. AmeF. Mosquito ContFol Assoc. 2(4):522-528. ~KOHaFa, D.D., and J.R. Allison, 1986. On assessing the benefits of public mosquito contFoI pFactices. ]. AmeF. Mosquito ContFol Assoc. 2:280-288. Pal, R., and R.H. WhaFton (Eds.), 1974. COntFoI oF aFthFopOdS Of medical and veteFinaFy impoFtanc~. Plenum, New YoFk. 1-38 p. Panetta, _l. (Ed.), 1980. DEE-i- pesticide FegistFation standaFd. U.S. EPA, O~ce oF Pesticides and Toxic Substances, 136 p. Raddatz, R.L, 1985. A biometeoFological model oF an encephalitis vectoF. BoundaFy LayeF MeteoFol. 34:185-199. Raddatz, R.L, 1982. Forecasts of Cu/exCa~$a//$popuIations in Winnipeg. In Sekla, L. (Ed.) Western Equine Encephalitis in Manitoba. Manitoba Health Services Commission. 296 p. 47 RcLnburn, C.B., A.H. Boike, C.F. Halimon, and R.L. ~e,,~_, !98i Field tesB of inse~icides applied as ULV sprays by ground equipment for the c~,,~r:~ of a~ult mosquitoes. Nosquito News 4~(1):~32-i35. Reeves, W.C, L974. Oven~intering of arbov~ruses. Progr. ~ed. Viro[. ~7;~93-220. Reeves, W.C, [965. Ecoiog?' of mos~:J~toes in relation to arbov~ruses. Ann. Rev. Ent. 10:25-46. ~Sekla, L.H. (Ed.), ~976. Special Su:,~ement - Western Encephaiitis. Can. J. Pub'.. Hlth 67 (Suppl.). 75 Sekia, L. (Ed.), L982. Western equine encephalitis in r~ani~oba, f, lanito:a Heal?, Se~ices Commission. 295 p. S~k]a, L., and W. Stackiw, I982. ArbovJrus sc.~ations from mosquito~s ~n ~.lap tot. a' vaiue in decision making. In Sekla, L. (Ed.). Western Eq~'~ne Ence~naiids b, [,laa~to~a, ~anitoZa ~ea~th 5e~ices Commission. p. 50-60. *Se~ice, N.W, [976. t~os~uito ezo]o~? -fieid sampling metnoas. John Wiley and Sons. New York, Toronto. xii + 583 p. Se~ice, N.W., i983. Biological controi of mosquitoes - has it a ~uture? r~.losquito Smith, A., 1982. Cnemica~ methods for the control of',e~ors ano ~es~ of ~ubl~: health impo~ance. WHO/VBC/82.84I, 69 p. Steeiman. C.D., ].N. G~ssie, and B.R. Craven, 1967. L~:crat:e.. and fie?~ stucies on mosquito control waste disposal lagoons'in Louisiana. Flosqufto News 27(1):57-59. Steickman, D., 1979. F1alathion as ground-a~pi~ed ULV evalua:e: a~a~ns: natural po:u~ations of ~/g/ens and Cx. resru'~,~s. Ftosq'u~to Ne'.~'.s 39:64-67. Surgeoner, G.A., and B.V. He,son, i978. An oviposition tra? for ar~o~:rzs sur, e~ l~:ce in Cu/exsp. mosquitoes (Diptera' Culicidae). Can. Ent. 110: 1049-1052. Tr~mbte, R.N., i972. Occurrence of ~ ' ' ~,..~ m~hnesor~ anz 2e:es tr/v,'~r~s ( D~:tera: Culicidae) in h~anitoba, including a list of mosquito~s from ~.lanitob~. :~n. tint. Wada, Y., i965. Population studiesoaEamontonmosqu]t~es. ~uaest~on~sen:. [:187-222. West, A.S., and A. Hudson, 1960. Notes on mosquitoes of eastern Ontaxo. Proc. NJ ~%squito Exterm. Assoc. 47:68-74. Wong, F., and ]. Neufeld, 1982. S~ntinei flock monitoring procedures for Western ~quine Encephalitis in Nanitoba, 1976-1981. In Sekla, L. (Ed.), 1982. Western Equine Encephalitis in Nanitoba, Nanitoba Health Se~ices Commission. p. 86-97. Wood, D.H., 1977. Notes on the identities of some common near~ic Ae~s mosquitoes (Diptera, Culicidae). [~osquito News 37:71-81. *Wood, D.N., P.T. Dang, and R.A. Ellis, 1979. The ~nse~ and aracnnids of Canada, Pa~ 6. The ~losquitoes of Canada (Diptera' Culicidae). Canadian Government PuOJishim~ Centre, Supply and 5e~'ices Canada, Hull, ~uebec. 390 p. 48 0 ..... ~;,CHHENT# ~ TO REPORT# Appendix ]. Glossary of Technical Terms, Active Ingredient -- An ingredient which provides either stimulating or killing action. In pesticide use, this generally is equivalent to the amount of technical material in a formulation or amount of technical material (AI) applied per hectare. Adulticide -- Pesticides used to control insects at the adult stage of their development. In mosquito control, any insecticide used to kill adult mosquitoes. Adulticiding - The application of chemicals to kilt adult mosquitoes by ground or aerial applications, is usually the least efficient mosquito control technique. Nevertheless, adulticiding, based on surveillance data, is an extremely important part of any IPNI program. Adulticides are typically applied as an Ultra- Low-Volume (ULV) spray where small amounts of insecticide are dispersed either by truck-mounted equipment or from fixed-wing or rotary aircraft. Ground or aerial applied thermal application of adulticides is also used in some areas but to a much lesser degree. Mosquito ULV adulticiding differs fundamentally from efforts to control many other adult insects. For good adult mosquito control, the fine ULV droplets must drift through the habitat and impinge on flying mosquitoes for effective control. Application Rate -- The average volume or weight of the field formulation of chemical material (including both toxicant and diluent) which is applied per unit of area or volume treated. Arbovirus -- Arthropod-borne virus. 'Arboviruses' are a large group (more than q00) of enveloped RNA viruses which are transmitted primarily (but not exclusively) by arthropod vectors (mosquitoes, sand-flies, fleas, ticks, lice, etc). They were previously grouped together under the name 'arboviruses' but "arbovirus" is not a taxonomic classification. This grouping has now iseen split into four virus families. Arthropod -- Invertebrate animals in the phylum Arthropoda, a group that have a segmented body, jointed appendages, a usually chitinous exoskeleton moulted at intervals, and a dorsal anterior brain connected to a ventral chain of ganglia. Includes insects, arachnids, crustaceans. Blood-feeding -- Some arthropods take blood, a behaviour known as 'blood-feeding'. The blood they that they ingest is known as a 'blood-meal'. They use the blood-meal to mature their eggs. Some biting arthropods also require a sugar source to meet their energy requirements for mating, locating their hosts, and oviposition. Breeding Place -- Any body of water which contains or produces mosquitoes. "Breeding place" has been finally established in the laws and regulations and in the scientific literature. Some workers prefer the term "mosquito source" as more descriptive. Concentrate -- A form of commercial pesticide preparation which generally requires further dilution to decrease the concentration of its active ingredient before it is applied. DEET -- DEET (chemical name = N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) is the active ingredient in many insect repellent products. Dead-end Hosts -- People and animals that become diseased as a result of being infected by an arbovirus usually are "dead-end" hosts. They may suffer disease but the virus does not spread from them to other vertebrates or to other mosquitoes. 49 Diapause-- A period of suspender cev_,op .' ' ~ --~:n,,~ or o~o'~,~h_, .... , characterized by inactivity and decreased en~_, reprocu~i,'e GiapaJse ~ metabolism. Cu/exspecies 'o' ' ia,, in the summer or fall and seek overwintering sites rather than blood-feeding. 71 Disease -- 'Lack of ease'. Depa~urefrom~a~,_ ~a~e-~ ~ of nee'~,~nornor,maii~-,', A condition in which bodily health is impaired; sickness; .v ~. . An archaic form, '~- ~ ,-ease , means Ecology -- The interrelationships of living organisms to one an,stner and to their environment, or the studyof 'o~ so .....of such interrelationships. Ecosystem -- A unit of biologica! organization made up of all the organisms in a given area (community) interacting with the physical environmen; and with each otner; an ~.ul~g,~, sy~em. En.zephaiitis -- An inflammation of the brain that can be cause~ ~',~' viruses and ba~eria, inciuding viruses transmi~ed by mosquitoes. Endemic (adjective) -- Belonging or native to a pa~icular peop!e or coun;7..,, and thus continuously present at the expected frequency of oc:urrence; restricted or pecuiiar to a locality or region (endemic diseases; an endemic species). Synonym=Native. -- ~ pr_s~n~ in a Enzootic Referring to animal diseases ;ne, are peculiar to or constantl.~. ~ ~ ~ locality. Epidemic (adjective) -- Affecting or tenting ;o affect a dispropo~ionatei'? large number of individuals within a population, community or reeion at the same time; i.e., a; a higher than expected frequency. Used to refer to diseases that are not consistently present in an area, and which are brought in from the ou~sice or a temporary increase in the number of cases of an endemic C!sease. Formulation -- A mixture of one or more pesticiaes plus other materiais neeged to make it safe and easy to store, dilute, and apply. Properties or spray formulation can afro,2 effectiveness of pesticides (toxicib/ anc residual life), insecticide mixture as produced and delivered by the manufacturer is a formulation. Once the formulation is diluted with oii or water for spraying, it is referred to as the tank mix. Examples are solutions, emulsions, granules, and we2able powders. Habitat -- The natural region or abode which an organism inhabits. The :e~m as applied to particular surroundings may be made more specific or critica! by adding qualifyinc expressions (e.g., sand dune habitat, flood plain habitat, and rock pool habitat). The place wnere the organism lives; "address". Habitat is not equivalent to niche. Host -- An individual infested by or upon wnicn a parasite grows. An individual preyed upon. Regarding mosquitoes, the plants and animals from which they obtain ne~ar or b~ood. Regarding disease, the source of the aisease organism. instar -- The form assumed by insecls De~m~een ian,,ai moults. Mosquitoes develop through ~ larval instars. The first is formed when the iarva issues from the egg, the second follows the first moult, the third larval instar follows the second moui:, and the fourth instar occurs prior to and ceases to exist when the pupa is formed. Integrated Mosquito Control -- Applied mosquito control which combines an7 ~+,'o or more measures that tend to suppress or destroy mosquitoes (e.g., source redu~ion and chemical control). The manipulation of pest or vector populations, taking advantage of nature o:cumng morrell?/. The integration of all suitable management techniques with the natural regulating and limiting e..ements of the environment. 5O La~a (plural = la~ae) -- The immature stages be~een the egg and the pupa, of an inse~ with complete metamorphosis. The form of the inse~ during the la~al stage differs radically from the adult. La~icide -- Pesticides used to control inse~ at the ta~al stage of their development. Nosquito ta~icide refers to the inse~icides that are used to control mosquito la~ae. La~iciding -- A general term for the process of killing mosquitoes by applying natural agen~ or commercial produ~ designed to control la~ae and pupae (colle~ively called la,icicles) to aquatic habitaB. La~icide treatmen~ can be applied from either the ground or air. Nosqui~o Abatemen~ or Control -- Refers to the programmed effo~ of local mosquito abatement or con~rol districB or other agencies to eliminate the sources or to suppress the population of the target mosquitoes to a level which can be tolerated. Hultivoltine (adje~ive) -- Having several broods in a season, as in "multivoltine species of mosquito". Ove~intering -- A period of rest or hibernation by which mosquitoes su~ive the winter. The stage that mosquitoes ove~inter varies with mosquito species. Cu/exspecies ove~inter as unfed females, most of the floodwater O~h/erotatu~or Aedesspecies get through winter as eggs while others ove~inter in as ia~ae (e.g., Coqu///e~id/a species). Pest -- Any organism (usually a plant or animal species) that is considered unacceptably abundant. Pupa (plural = pupae) -- The immature stage, be~een the la~a and adult, of an inse~ with complete metamorphosis. Rese~oir -- A population or group of populations of veRebrate or inve~ebrate hos~ in which the pathogen is endemic (i.e., permanently maintained). Although human populations can form rese~oirs of this kind, the concept is usually applied to non-human populations from which the pathogen periodically escapes, causing individual infe~ions or epidemi~ in humans or epizooti~ in other animals. Source Reduction -- The elimination of la~al mosquito breeding sites; ranges from removing containers that collect water and simple drainage, using pumps or creating ditches, to a~ual filling of the site. A wide varie~ of equipment and materials may be used. Usually, a municipali~ will already have all the required gear to car,-out the work. Ultralow Volume -- The application of a p~ticide, usually a more concentrated formulation, by spraying relatively small amounB over a large area (usually less than i litre of product per he,are). A method of inse~icide distribution in which a small poRion of the compound is fragmented into extremely fine drople~ for aerial dispersal. Abbreviated as 'ULV'. VeZot -- Any mosquito that is capable of transmiEing a disease agent (pathogen) from an infe~ed animal to a susceptible human or animal. An organism, as an inset, that transmi~ pathogens to planB or animals. Any disease carrier. Virus -- A non-cellular infectious organism that can only reproduce within living cells. Viremia -- The presence of virus in the blood of a host. Zoonoses -- Diseases in which pathogens are harbored by other animals as well as by humans, and which are communicable from animals to humans under natural conditions. 51 73 RECOMNIENDATION OF THE FINANCE & OPERATIONS CONIMITTEE DATE MOVED That the Council ofthe City oC Picketing request the Council of the Region of Durham, to make application with the Province or'Ontario to amend Section 34 subsection (13) of the Regional Nkmicipalities Act. to include the Region o~' Durham 74 PiCKE ING REPORT TO COUNCIL FROM: Richard Holborn, P.Eng. Division Head Municipal Property & Engineering DATE: April 15. 2002 REPORT NUMBER: OES 009-02 SUBJECT: Amendment to Regional Municipalities Act File: RTC009-02 RECOMMENDATION: That the Council of the City of Pickering request the Council of the Region of Durham, to make application with the Province of Ontario to amend Section 34 subsection 1713) of the Regional Municipalities Act, to include the Region of Durham ORIGIN: Finance & Operations Committee Meeting, January, 28, 2002 AUTHORITY: The Regional Municipalities Act, Section 34 (13) FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS: N/A EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: N/A BACKGROUND: A question was raised at the Finance & Operations Committee meeting of January 28, 2002, inquiring as to why the process of having a new stop sign approved takes such a long time. It was explained that this process included the time involved to obtain approval from the Region of Durham. The process of passing a local by-law for traffic control purposes other than parking currently requires process and approval by the Region of Durham. This process adds significant time (months) and administration costs to address local traffic control issues such as stop sign installations and speed control on local roads. The Regional Municipalities Act Section 34 (1) states: No by-law passed by an area municipality for the regulation of traffic on a highway under the jurisdiction and control of the area municipality, except a by-law for the regulation of parking, shall come into force until it has been approved by the Regional Council. The Municipal Property & Engineering Division was advised that there is also a clause in the Regional Municipalities Act, that gives the regional municipality Report to Council OES 009-02 Subject: - Amendment to Regional Nlunicipalities .-,,ct _.. ~00. Date: April 1c" Page 75 the authority to exempt specified area mLmicipatities ffrom requiring regional approvals tbr the passing of by-laws regulating local trat-Ilc It is our request that the Region of Durham make application with tile Province off Ontario to amend Section 34 (1_3) to include the Regional Municipality of Durham As an included regional municipality to this section of the act. the Regional Council may pass by-laws to provide that such by-laws regulating trat'f~c, or such class or classes thereof, may be passed b'v area municipalities that are specified in the bv-lax~ of the Regional Council. do not require the approval of the Regional Council as long as such terms and conditions as the Regional ('ouncil may specie, in its by-law are complied with This request would follow suit with other regional municipalities inclt~din~ Halton, Niagara, Peel, Waterloo and '~'ork. which have been granted inclusion to this section of this act. ATTACHMENTS: 1. Regional Municipalities Act - Section 34 Prepared By: B. Kuzma Administration Supervisor R/hard Ho~-/r~-.-P Eng. //Division Herod, Municipal Property& Engineering :Xttachments Copy: Chief Administrative O~cer Director, Operations & Emergency Serxices City Clerk -\pproved ' Endorsed By Ei\'t2r-et t J~1_l nt sn~a Director. Operations and Emergency Se~ices Recommended Ibr the consideration ot' Pickerin~g City Council ThOm~sJ QuinnfCh~f~dmin'" ' Regional Municipalities Act 76 ": / ,:: , e-'5 ooq - oogb page ': of 118 32.--(1 ) In respect of the roads in the regional road system and the regulation of traffic thereon, the Regional Corporation has all the powers conferred, and is subject to all the liabilities imposed, upon the council or corporation of a city by the Municipal Act, the Highway Traffic Act and anv other Act in respect of lfighways. b;srablishmen! r?'bux icme3, (2) The Regional Council may by by-law designate any lane on any road over which the council has jurisdiction as a lane solely or principally for use by public transit motor vehicles, or any class or classes thereof as may be defined in the by-law and by taxicabs and by private motor vehicles carrying such number of passengers as mav be specified in the by-law, and prohibit and regulate the use thereof by all other vehicles to such extent and for such period or periods as may bc specified. Dqfini~ion (3) For the purposes of subsection (2), "public transit motor vehicle" means any motor vehicle operated by, for or on behalf of the Regional Corporation or any other municipality, including a metropolitan or regional municipality, or by a transit commission, in connection xvith a regular passenger transportation service and includes such other motor vehicles operated in com~ection with a regular passenger transportation service as may be specified in the by-law. R.S.O. 1990, c. R.8, s. 32. 33.--(1 ) The Regional Commil may by by-law prohibit or regulate the placing or erecting oI~ (a) any gasoline pump within forty-five metres of an5' linfit of a regional road; (b) any sign, notice or advertising device xvithin 400 metres of any limit of a regional road. P cfm il,v (2) A by-law passed under this section may provide for the issuing of permits for the placing or erecting of any gasoline pump, sign, notice or advertising device and may prescribe the tbrm, terms and conditions thereof and the fbes to be paid theretbr. R.S.O. 1990, c. R.8, s. 33. 34.--(1) No by-law passed by an area municipality for the regulation of traffic on a highway under the jurisdiction and control of the area municipality, except a by-law for the regulation of parking, shall come into force unless it has been approved by the Regional Council. (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to a by-law for which the Regional Council has provided under subsection (3) that its approval is not required. filc://C :\QL_PRO\QLTEMP\RS OT-00000610.HTM 02/05/2002 Regional Municipalities Act Page 24 of 118 77 (3) The Regional Council may pass bv-iaxx s to provide that such by-laws regulating tratt~c, or such class or classes thereot~ as are specified in thc bv-laxv c)t' thc Regional Council and as may be passed by such one or more area municipalities as are spccilied in the bx-iaxx of the Regional Council do not require the approval of thc Regional t'ouncii or alternativelx do not require thc approval of thc Regional Council it: such terms and conditions as the Regional Council may specil~v in its bx-laxx arc complied with. (4) Where a bv-laxv of the Regional Council passed under subsection (3) is repealed or amended, the clerk of the Regional Corporation shall lbrthwith send a notice of the amendment or repeal by registered mail to the clerk of each area municipality affected by thc repeal or amendment. (5) The repeal or amendment of a bv-iax~ passed bx thc Regional Council under subsection (3) does not aiTcct the validity of a bv-lax~ ft)r regulating tr'aI'I2c passed by the council of an area municipality while an exemption under that subsection xxas in effect and the bv-laxx of tiao an'ca municipality continues in force until it is amended or repealed. (6) A by~law submitted tbr approval t)t' the Regional Council m compliance with subsection (1) may he approved in whole or in part and. where t)art ora bx-laxv is appr~)xcd on13. that part only shall become operative. (7) The Regional Council max xvithdraxv its approx al to anx bv-laxx or anx part thereof by notice sent by registered mail to the clerk of the area municipality and such bx-laxx or part thereof shall be dcelncd to be repealed twenty-one days after the sending of the notice. 18) All signal-light traffic control devices heretofore or hereaI~er erected on a hi[zh,xav under the jurisdiction and control of an area municipality shall bc operated, or erected and operated, in thc rammer prescribed by by-law of the Regional Council. and thc Regional Council may delegate anx of its powers in respect of the operation of such devices t~ an officer of the Regtonal Corporatio~ designated in the by-taw. (9) The Regional Corporation may contribute toxvard tine cost of the erection of signal-light traffic control devices erected by m~ area municipalits. file://C :\QL_ PRO QlJt'EMP\RSO'I'-001)0()01 ().t tT* I 02/05/2002 Regional Municipalities Act :15 !';?;*~.~?~ O0~-0~Page 25 of 118 (10) Subject to the Highway Traffic Act, the Regional Council may pass by-laws to regulate traffic on anv highway under the jurisdiction and control of an area municipality for a distance of thirty metres on either side o17 the limit of a regional road, and, where there is any conflict between such a bv-law and a by-law of an area municipality, the by- law passed under this subsection prevails to the extent of such conflict. R.S.O. 1990. c. R.8, s. 34(1-10). (11) REPEALED: S.O. 2000, c. 5, s. 21(10), effective January 1. 2001 (Act, s. 43(2)). 112) REPEALED: S.O. 2000. c. 5, s. 21(10), effective January 1, 2001 (Act, s. 40(,_)). (13) Subsections (2), (3), (4) and (5) apply only to the regional municipalities of Halton, Niagara. Peel, Waterloo and York. ** Quicklaw Table ** Changes prior to Quicklaw Tables: R.S.O. 1990, c. R.8, s. 34(13). Please see other sources tbr in tbrce dates. Provision Changed by In force Authority 34(13) 2000 c5 s21 2001 Jan 1 Act, s43(2~ 34(13) 2001 c9 Sch 2001 Jun 29 R.A. J s3 R.S.O. 1990, c. R.8, s. 34; S.O. 2000, c. 5, s. 21; S.O. 2001, c. 9, Sched. J, s. 3. Agreemems /br pecles,'ian wa//<s' 35.--(1) The Regional Council may by by-law authorize agreements between the Regional Corporation and the owners or lessees of land abutting on a highway for the construction, maintenance and use of walks for pedestrians over, across or under the highway upon such terms and conditions as may be agreed and for contributing to the whole or any part of the cost thereof, and for leasing or licensing the use of untravelled portions of such walks and adjoining lands to persons for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as may be agreed. respecting buildings, etc., beneath re,gional roads (2) The Regional Council may by by-law authorize agreements between the Regional Corporation file://C:\QL_PRO\QLTEMP\RSOT-00000610.HTM 02/05/2002 7,9 ?ICKERIN RECOMMENDATION OF THE FINANCE & OPERAYIONS COMMITTEE DATE MOVED That a by-law be enacted to amend Schedule 'A' By-law 2359/87 regulating parking, standing, and stopping restrictions on certain highxvays PICKERING REPORT TO COUNCIL FROM: Richard W. Holborn, P. Eng. Division Head Municipal Property & Engineering DATE: April 15, 2002 REPORT .NUMBER: OES 015 - 02 SUBJECT: Amendment of Parking By-law 2359/87 Chipmunk Street adjacent to Frenchman's Bay Public School Pepperwood Gate adjacent to Valley Farm Public School RECOMMENDATIONS: 1. That a by-law be enacted to amend Schedule 'A' By-law 2359/87 regulating parking, standing, and stopping restrictions on certain highways. ORIGiN: Follow-up investigation of on-street parking/stopping complaints related to the operation of the Kiss and Ride programs at Frenchman's Bay Public School and Valley Farm Public School. AUTHORITY: Municipal Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. M.45, as amended, section 210.123. FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS: The manufacture and installation of regulatory no-stopping signs costing approximately $800.00 will be accommodated within the Roads Current Budget account, 2320-2409. EXECUTWE SUMMARY: Not applicable. BACKGROUND: In response to several complaints, staff of the Operations & Emergency Services Department, Municipal Property & Engineering Division recently investigated traffic movement operations in the vicinity of each school site. Site visits confirm that there is a high level of unsafe traffic and pedestrian crossing movements accessing Frenchman's Bay Public School and Valley Farm Public School during the morning and afternoon periods. By-law amendments are recommended to alleviate traffic congestion on minor streets and to allow for two-way traffic flow. Frenchman's Bay Public School On November 1st, 1999, By-law #5570/99 was approved to prohibit on-street parking/stopping along Oklahoma Drive and Breezy Drive in the area of Frenchman's Bay Public School. This by- law was specifically implemented along the north and south sides of Oklahoma Drive and Breezy Drive to protect sightlines and improve vehicle and pedestrian movement operations. On February 4th, 2002, the 'Kiss and Ride' program was implemented to improve the vehicular and pedestrian traffic congestion fronting and adjacent to the school. The 'Kiss and Ride' Report to Council OES 015 - 02 Subject: Amendment of Parking Bv-la~x 2359 Date: April 15, 2002 Page 2 8i pro~am has coordinated traffic movements on school property, hoxvever, an increased level of vehicular and pedestrian traffic is occurring on C`itv streets near the school. To improve thc safety on Oklahoma Drive and Chipmunk Street. staff proposes a bv-laxv amendment that will prohibit "stopping" along the east side of Chipmunk Street from Oklahoma Drive to Sunrise .:_,Il a.m.- 4'~ p.m.. Monday to Friday, Avenue. The by-law amendment is to be in effect from '~" _ September 1 ~t to June _ 0'. Valley Farm Public School On October 22, 2001, Valle',' Farm Public School implemented the 'Kiss and Ride' program. No- stopping by-laws were implemented to prohibit on street parking and stopping in thc vicinity of the school. These prohibitions are regularly enforced and are effective Ibr smooth operation of the new program. Recently, the School Community C,ouncil i SC'C) has expressed concerns about parking issues beyond the no-stopping zone and has requested start to inxestigate thc parking conditions. Staff' has been monitoring the area in cooperation with Bx-laxv Set\ices to en/brce the prohibitions. Staff has met on site with SCC members to discuss tine concerns and Ibund ttnat an extension of' the current by-law is required. The proposed bv-laxv amendment on Peppetgvood Gate will prohibit "stopping" along the norttn and east sides of Pepper\rood Gate fi-om Major Oaks Road to 322 meters east of Major Oaks Road. This distance is required to protect s~ghtlines and to increase mobility for emergency service personal and \chicles. The by-lax\ amendment, as proposed, is to be in effect from 7:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m., XIondav to Fridax, September 1': to June 30th. All parking by-laws fronting or adjacent to school property must receive regular entbrcement to be effective. Without monitoring and enforcement oi' these regulatou by-la\rs, fine Kiss and Ride programs and the operating safer\ of tine roadway will bc compromised. ATTACHMENTS: 1. Draft By-law 2. Location Maps Prepared By: Renata V. 5'. Rozinger Technician, Traffic Engineenng Approved £ndorscd Bx': Ex'ere~ -B~ui2tsina -~ Director. Operations & Emergency Services Submitted by: ivision Hea~, Municipal Property & Engineering Report to Council OES 015 - 02 Subject: Amendment of Parking By-law 2359/87 Date: AprillS, 2002 Page 3 Copy: Chief Administrative Officer Supervisor, Traffic Engineering & Waste Management Supervisor, Roads Manager, By-law Services Recommended for the consideration of Pickering City Council qZhomas J. Quinn,,tShief Addministr~fficot THE'CORPOP~,TIOX OF THE CITY OF PiCKlinG 83 BY-LAW NO. standing WHEREAS, pursuant to the Municipal Act. R.S.O. 1990, chapter M.45, sections 218.52, 210.73,210.123-126, 210.131,310, 314.7, and 314.8, the Council of the Corporation of the City of Pickering enacted By-law 2359 87 regulating parking, standing and stopping on highways and on private and on municipal property: NOW THEREFORE, the Council of the Corporation of the City of Picketing HEREBY ENACTS AS FOLLOWS' Schedule 'A' to Bv-laxv 2359 87, as amended, is hcrcbx amended by deleting therefrom the folio\ring items: H_~hwav Peppem'ood Gate Side Between And Prohibited Times and Days North Major Oaks Road and 226 meters east of Major Oaks Road -'3() a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Mondav - Friday Schedule 'A' to By-law 2359 87, as amended, is hereby amended by adding thereto the following items: Chipmunk Street Pepperwood Gate Side BetweenAnd ' Prohibited Times and East North and East Davis Oklahoma Drive 7:3(.) a.m. to 4:30 p.m., and Suztrise Avenue Xlondavto Friday, September l~t to June Major Oaks Road and 322 meters cast of Major Oaks Road "3(} a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Xlondav Friday. September 1': to June BY-LAW read a first, second, and third time and finally passed this G:~ day of May 2002. Wayne Arthurs. *lavor Bruce Taylor, City Clerk DCRT. AVENUE )x( AHOMA ~_,NX BOXWORTH PLA, CE SAMFORD LAN E PARKETTE BA¥S½ORE CRT. F£EAICHMAAI T BAY PUBLIC SCHOOL DRIVE ~ NO STOPPING m N~ B~"LAi/¢S~-REET SUNRISE AVENUE TU LLO ST. VI: TULl OPERATIONS & EMERGENCY SERVICES DEPARTMENT MUNICIPAL PROPERTY & ENGINEERING DIVISION SCALE: j PLOT OAT: 1:4000 i MAR 4~2002 TRAFFIC REPORT LOCATION OF PROPOSED STOP SIGNS SN/IlT~ COUR~ G~BBNMOUNT OPERAI'IONS & EMERGENCY SERVICES DEPARTMENT MUNICIPAL PROPERTY & ENGINEERING DIVISION PLOT DATE: ~>-~ I MAR 4/2002 1:4000 i ATTACHMENT #'°1'O ~ #%~_A o/O -o ¢-~ PU~L/C ,~ / SCHOOL / / -AW N B Ei TRAFFIC REPORT ,i c.~,,¢ ,,,¢,,, _ LOCATION OF PROPOSED 1.~~ NO STOPPING ZONE_. HCKEI qG RECOMMENDATION OF THE FINANCE & OPERATIONS COMMITTEE DATE MOVED BY That Report OES 014-02 regarding the revision of load limits of vehicles passing over a bridge be received: and That City Council pass the attached Draft By-laws limited the gross vehicle weight of any vehicle or anv class thereof, passing over certain bridges, under the jurisdiction of the Corporation of the City of Pickering. PICKERING REPORT TO COUNCIL 87 FROM' Richard W. Holbein, P. En<. Division Head Municipal Property& Engineering _0~)_ DATE: April 12. '~ '~ REPORT NUMBER' OES0144)£ SUBJECT: To revise the load limits of any vehicle or any class thereof passing over a bridge. RECOMMENDATION: 1. That Report OES 014-(.)2 regarding fine revision of load limits o1: vdaicles passing over a bri&,e be received: and tlnat 2. City Council pass the attactned Draft Bv-laxvs limiting tiao gross x etaicte xxcight of any vehicle or an>; class thereot: passing over certain bridges, trader thc jurisdiction of the Corporation of the City of Picketing. N ORI©I: : The passing of Bill 92 in 199- introduced new approxal and inspection procedures for the Highway Tr~{(fic Act and Brh(.~c .qc'~ related services on Nlunicipal Roads. AUTHORITY: Highway TrqfficAct, R.S.O. 1900. c. H.$. Section 123t2) FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS: None. The signs required in accordance xxith the recommended changes to the load limits. bv-laxvs arc in place. as there are no EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: The tfigh~O' Traffic Act and Bridge .4c; that affect municipal roads requires that every bridge structure be kept safe and in good repair ttwougtn tt~e performance of periodic inspections under the direction of a Professional Engineer and in accordance xxith the provisions of tile Ontario Structure inspection Manual, or equivalent. Subject to these requirements, a visual inspection was completed by Totten Sims Hubicki Associates on four (4) bridges currently under load restrictions ttnat are under the jurisdiction of the City of Picketing in March 2002, The results of their exaluation tnas resulted in the preparation of the attached draft by-law to update the load I/mits on tiao applicable structures. BACKGROUND: Tine Highavay Traffic Act and Bridge .4c~ references Bridges and Structures and includes the following requirements. 88 Report to Council OES 014-02 Subject: Revise Load Limits of any Vehicle or any Class thereof Passing Over a Bridge Date: April 12. 2002 Page 2 Bridges and Structures a) Design, Evaluation, Construction, Inspection or Rehabilitations of existing bridges shall conform to the standards set out in the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code, Third Edition. b) Designs, Evaluation, Construction, Inspection or Rehabilitation of existing bridges shall conform to the standards set out by the Ministry of Transportation in the following manuals (or equivalent): i. Structural Manual ii. Drainage Manual iii.Roadside Safety Manual iv. Ontario Provincial Standards for Roads and Municipal Services v. Structure Rehabilitation Manual c) Every bridge shall be kept safe and in good repair. The structural integrity and condition of every bridge shall be determined through the performance of periodic inspections under the direction of a Professional Engineer and in accordance with the provisions of the Ontario Structure Inspection Manual, or equivalent d) The limit on the gross vehicle weight of vehicles passing over a bridge shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of the Ontario Highway Bridge Design Code, Third Edition. e) Load Limit by-law recommendations, shall be signed and sealed by two (2) Professional Engineers who have recommended the load limit at which the bridge may be posted, and the duration for which the load posting remains valid. Approval from the Ministry will no longer be required for municipal bridge designs and load limit by-laws, except for those on Connecting Links, Private Roads and other Road Authorities. The submission of drawings and documents to the Ministry is no longer required. This includes general arrangement drawings, final structural drawings, reports and load limit by-laws. Consultants should be informed of each municipality's review process. g) Approval will still be required from the Ministry for the following: i. Bridges or culverts that form part of a highway designated as a connecting link. ii. Bridges or culverts on private roads that do not fall under the jurisdiction of a Municipality, or that are owned by another Road Authority. In March 2002, the Engineering firm of Totten Sims Hubicki Associates completed a visual inspection of four (4) bridges under the jurisdiction of the City of Pickering. These four bridges have been under load limits in the past and require updating. Other structures throughout the City will be reviewed through a comprehensive program, as legislated, commencing this year. The following bridges were reviewed in March 2002. 1. Rosebank Road - 0.12km north of Toynevale Road 2. Sideline 34 - 0.4km south of 8th Concession Road 3. 8th Concession Road - 0.10 km west of Sideline 34 4. Pickering/Uxbridge Townline, 0.1 km east of Concession 1 (Uxbridge) Report to Council OES 014-02 Subject: Revise Load Limits of any Vehicle or any Class thereof Passing Over a Date: April 12, 2002 Page 3 As per the current legislation, once the by-laws have been enacted, a schedule to the by-law will be signed and sealed by two (2) professional engineers and will roma part of the by-law. A sample schedule is provided with each bx-laxv. .ATTACHMENTS' Draft By-laws Location Maps Letter from Totten Sims Hubicki Associates Prepared By: D/i~ision Head' - Municipal Property & Engineering Rid:ds Attachment Copy: Chief Administrative Officer Approved Endorsed Bx': Everett Buntsn:/a. Director Operations & Emcrucncv Sen'ices Recommended for the consideration oi' Picketing, City Council /.. - ,/~' T~omas J. Qu~, Chief Admini~r ~) ATTACH,~Ei',F. ;',:_.~/TO REPOi:I,T#O E- 5 o 14 'oz._. CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF PIGIC~RING BY-LAW NO. Being a by-law to limit the gross vehicle weight of any vehicle or any class thereof passing over a bridge under the jurisdiction of the Corporation of the City of Pickering pursuant to the Highway, D'affic Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. H. 8, as amended WHEREAS pursuant to section 123 (2) of the Highway Traffic Act, R.S.O. 1990 c. HS. as amended, the municipal corporation or other authority having jurisdiction over a bridge may by by-law, limit the gross vehicle weight of any vehicle or any class thereof passing over the bridge. NOW THEREFORE THE COUNCIL OF THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF PICKERING HEREBY ENACTS AS FOLLOWS: In this by-law "gross vehicle weight" means the total xveight in tones transmitted to the highway by a vehicle or combination of vehicles and load. No vehicle or combination of vehicles or any class thereof, whether empty or loaded, shall be operated over those bridges as set out below. Bridge No. Location Rosebank Road, 0.12 km north of Toynevale Road Maximum Gross Vehicle Weight 14 tonnes This by-law shall not become effective until a notice of the limit of gross vehicle weight permitted, legibly printed, has been posted in a conspicuous place at each end of the bridge. Any person violating the provisions of this by-law is guilty of an offence and on conviction is liable to a fine as provided in the Highway Traffic Act, R.S.O. 1990,c. tt.8, as amended from time to time. That the engineers' statement verifying the gross vehicle weight limit specified in Section 2 of this by-law are set out in Schedule "A", attached hereto and forms part of this by-law Bylaw Number 5641/00 is hereby repealed. BY-LAW read a first, second and third time and finally passed this day of ,2002. Wayne Arthurs, Mayor Bruce Taylor, Clerk SCItEDULE "&" TO BY-LAVe 1 and , professional engineers of tile consuhing finn of Totten Sims Hubicki Associates. have reviewed tile restriction of the gross vehicle weight passing over Bridge Nc). 5 (Rosebank Road, !).12 km north of To,mevale Road) and more particularly described in tile above i~oted bv-laxv. EtTcctive as of the date of approval o£this by-law, I agree with tile recommended gross vehicle weight limit as set out in By-law No. for a period of twenty-four months. Signature Signature DATED' 92 S.~U N D OW N I CATTAIL PLACE __ DUNFAIR I~ROOKRIDOE GATE COURT EVELYN AVENUE A~O~ SUBJECT BRIDGE ROAD MAITLAND DRIVE DRIVE ROUGE COWAN CIRCLE GILLMOSS ROAD GALLANT ENGEL HOUSTON COURT ~H PETTICOAT CREEK CONSERVATION AREA bJ OPERATIONS & EMERGENCY SERVICES DEPARTMENT MUNICIPAL PROPERTY & ENGINERING DIVISION 1:10,000 APRIL 2002 REPORT TO COUNCIL BRIDGE No. 5 ROSEBANK ROAD L:\UP~dEX, ThematJc MaplflmJ\Maps,' ,&dmin\Repor[\Repo~ At:tochment 02.dwg THE CORPOILATION OF THE CITY OF PICI(ERING 93 BY-LAW NO. Being a by-law 'to limit the gross vehicle weight of any vehicle or any class thereof passing over a bridge under thc jurisdiction of the Corporation of the City of Picketing pursuant to thc Traj~c Act, R.S.O. /990, c. H.& as amended 1_~_ ( of the //z'~k, tz~tcz.x' 75'~:fic ..~c:. R.S.O. 1990 c. tiS, as WHEREAS pursuant to section amended, the municipal corporation or other authority having jurisdiction over a bridge may by by-law, limit the gross vehicle weight of any vehicle or any class thereof passing over the bridge. NOW THEREFORE THE COUNCIL OF THE CORPORATION OF THE CiTY OF PICKERING HEREBY ENACTS AS FOLLOWS: In this by-law "gross vehicle weight" means the total weigh't in tones transmitted to the highway by a vehicle or combination oFvehicles and toad. No vehicle or combination of vehicles or any class thereot: xvhether empty or loaded, shall be operated over those bridges as set out below. Bridge } Location Maximuln Gross No. i Vehicle X~,'eigfl~_t- __ 31 ]Sideline 34, 0.4 l-an south of STM ; l l tonncs : Concession Road This by-law shall not become elT~ctivc until a notice of the limit o: g:oss vehicle weight permitted, legibly printed, has been posted in a conspicuous ]-)lace at each end of the bridge. Any pcrsou violating the provisions o: this by-law is guilly o£ an offence auld on conviction is liable to a fine as provided in the Highwuy D'affic ,qcL R.S.O. 1990, c. H.8, as amended from time to time. That the engineers' statement yetiS'lng the gross vehicle weigh! limit specified in Section 2 of this by-law are set out in Schedule "A", attached hereto and tbnns part of ti-ds by-law Bylaw Number 5642/00 is hereby repealed. BY-LAW read a first, second and third time and ilnallx passed this day o: ,2002. \Vavno Arthurs. *Iavor Bruce Taylor, Clerk 94 &TTACHMENT# ~ TO~# ~gE S SCHEDULE "A" TO BY-LAW I and , professional engineers of the consulting firm of Totten Sims Hubicki Associates, have reviewed the restriction of the gross vehicle weight passing over Bridge No. 31 (Sideline 34, 0.4 km south of 8th Concession Road) and more particularly described in the above noted by-law. Effective as of the date of approval of this by-law, I agree with the recommended gross vehicle weight limit as set out in By-law No. for a period of twenty-four months. Signature Signature DATED: A-jlrACl. iH ENT #, i ~,_~ ,t.O ~ O~Z oI,q-OZ- T~AN$--CANADA PiPE~ Ld Z hi EI,~r-TH SUBJECT BRIDGE CO OPERATIONS & EMERGENCY SER\ ICES DEPARTMENT MUNICIPAL PROPERTY & ENGiNERING DIVISION t :10,000 APRIL 2002 REPORT TO ~0UNc'IL ~ BRIDGE No. 31 SIDELINE 3_4 L;~MPandE~'Fnemot~c Mopplnq%Mopa%MP&:E -- Admtn\Report\Report Attachment 02.d~g 96 ATTACHNENT# _.~ "ro~# C)fi-S O~L~-~5~__.. THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF PICKEI~NG BY-LAW NO. Being a by-law to limit the gross vehicle weight of any vehicle or any class thereof passing over a bridge under the jurisdiction of the Corporation of thc City of Pickering pursuant to the Highway D'affic Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. H. 8, as amended WHEREAS pursuant to section 123 (2) of the Highway D'affic Act, R.S.O. 1990 c. H8, as amended, the municipal corporation or other authority having jurisdiction over a bridge may by by-law, limit the gross vehicle weight of any vehicle or any class thereof passing over the bridge. NOW THEREFORE THE COUNCIL OF THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF PICKERING HEREBY ENACTS AS FOLLOWS: In this by-laxv "gross vehicle weigh means the total weixht in tones transmitted to the highway by a vehicle or combination of vehicles and load. No vehicle or combination of vehicles or any class thereof, whether empty or loaded, shall be operated over those bridges as set out below. I Bridge Location Maximum Gross No. Vehicle Weight 32 8th Concession Road, 0.10 km west of 15 tonnes Sideline 34 , This by-law shall not become effective until a notice of the limit of gross vehicle ~veight permitted, legibly printed, has been posted in a conspicuous place at each end of the bridge. Any person violating the provisions of this by-law is guilty of an offence and on conviction is liable to a fine as provided in the Highway D'a?Jic Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. H.8, as amended from time to time. That the engineers' statement verifying the gross vehicle weight limit specified in Section 2 of this by-law are set out in Schedule "A", attached hereto and forms part of this by-law Bylaw Number 5643/00 is hereby repealed. BY-LAW read a first, second and third time and finally passed this day of ,2002. Wayne Arthurs, Mayor Bruce Taylor, Clerk ATTACHHENT ~_~TO RBORT # SCItEDUEE "A" TO BY-LAW O/c~ I and , professional engineers of tile consulting fim~ of Totten Sims Hubicki Associates, have reviexved the restriction oFthe gross vehicle weight passing over Bz-idgc No. 32 (Ss: C'oncession Road, 0.10 km west of Sideline 34) and more particularly desc~-ibed ii1 tile above noted by-law. Effective as of the date of' approval of this b.v-laxv, I agree with the recommended gross vehicle weight limit as set out in By-law No. Jbr a period oftwentv-lbur months. Sigt~ature $ig~a'ture DAWED' , .,~: i~,., ~ _TO 0 TRANS--CANADA PIPE < hi bJ SUBJECT BR/DGE EIGHTH C( OPERATIONS & EMERGENCY SERVICES DEPARTMENT MUNICIPAL PROPERTY & ENGINERING DIVISION 1:10,000 APRIL 2002 BRIDGE No. 32 8TH CONCESSION ROAD ATTACHHENT # . THE CORPOFLATION OF THE CITT OF PICKERING BT-LAW NO. Being a by-law to limit tile gross vehicle weight of any vehicle or an,,' class thereof passing over a bridge under tile jurisdiction of' the Corporation of the City of Picketing pursuant to the High,'ay Traffic Act, R.S.O. 7990, c. H. 6', as amended WHEREAS pursuant to section 123 (2) of tile l:[igl~v~O' 7)'~{/~1~c :IcL R.S.O. 1990 c. H$, as amended, the municipal corporation or other authority having jurisdiction over a bridge may by by-law, limit the gross vehicle weight o£ any vehicle or any class thereo£ passing over the bridge. NOW THEREFORE THE COUNCIL OF THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF PICKERING HEREBY ENACTS AS FOLI.OWS: In this by-law "gross vehicle weight" means tile total weiglnt in tones transmitted to the highway by a vehicle or combination of vehicles anti load. No velniclc or combination of vetnicles or any class thorcot', whether empty or loaded. shall be operated over those bridges as set out below. Bridge l.ocation 31aximum Gross No. Vehicle X'Veio~ht 43 Pickering ,'Uxbrid~,c Townline. } l() 11 tonncs km east of Concession 1 o This by-law shall not become effective until a notice of the limit of gross vehicle weight permitted, legibly printed, has been posted in a conspicuous place at each end of the bridge. Any person violating thc provisions off this bv-laxv is guilt>' off an offence and Oil conviction is liable to a fine as provided in tile/~D.gh,'rO' 7)'~/ic ,,tel, R.S.O. 1990, c. l:t.S, as amended from time to time. That the engineers' statement vcrif}Sng thc gross vehicle weight limit specified in Section 2 o£this by-law are set out in Schedule ":k*'. attached hereto and f'onns part o£this by-laxv Bylaw Number 5640/00 is hereby repealed. BY-LAW read a first, second and third time and finally passed this day of' , ~ TM \Vax7~e Arthurs. Mayor Bruce Taylor. Clerk ATTACHMENT# 4 TOKE'POR,T# SCHEDULE "A" TO BY-LAW I and , professional engineers of the consulting firm of Totten Sims Hubicki Associates, have reviewed the restriction of the gross vehicle weight passing over Bridge No. 43 (Pickering/Uxbridge Townline, 0.10 km east of Concession 1) and more particularly described in the above noted by-law. Effective as of the date of approval of this by-law, I agree with the recommended gross vehicle weight limit as set out in By-law No. for a period of twenty-four months. Signature Signature DATED: Pi :RING I,I bJ TFRANS-- CANADA Z EIGHTH // Ld ~iPE!INE CO OPERATIONS & EMERGENCY SERVICES DEPARTMENT MUNICIPAL PROPERTY & ENGINERING DIVISION 1:25,000 APRIL 2002 REPORT TO COUNCIL BRIDGE No, 43 PICKERING/UXBRIDGE TOWNLINE I*~MPandE-~Thematic Mopplr~g%Wope~MP&:E - Admin~Report%Rep~-t Attachment I April 4, 2002 engineers architects planners 40 ) ars ATTACHH i !T City of Picketing Picketing Civic Complex One The Esplanade Picketing, Ontario L1V 6K7 Attention: C. Anne Greentree, B.A., AMCT Supervisor of Legislative Services Administration Department Re: City of Pickering Structure Load Limit By-laws CiTY OF P~CKERING ?~ ~ '-T~'fl~.n Sims Hubicki Associates 300 Water Street ~l~lOntarlc,, Canacs t ihl 9J2 E-maih tsh~tsn.ca RE, CE[VED APR ,9 2002 CI'FY OF P~CKERING MUr~ICIPAL PROPERTY & ENGIf',EERING Dear Ms. Greentree: Further to the City's request through Mr. R. Holborn, P. Eng., we have reviewed the structures wig load limit bydaws covered by By-laws 5640/00, 5641/00, 5642/00 and 5643/00 and advise that the existing load limits as follows be renewed for a period of two years at which time the bridges should be re-assessed. Bfid~e No. 43 - Brid~e No. 5 - Brid~e No. 31 - Bridge No. 32 - By-law 5640/00 - recommended posting 11 tonnes Bydaw 5641/00 - recommended posting 14 tonnes By-law 5642/00 - reconm~ended posting 11 tonnes By-law 5643/00 - recommended posting 15 tonnes As undertaken in May of 2000, please forward original copies of the updated by-laws and we will prepare Schedule A to the by-laws which incorporates the Engineers statement verifying the gross vehicle weight limit as noted in the by-law. Yours very truly, D. C. Belun, P. Eng. DCB/dh pc Mr. R. Holborn, P. Eng. C:\My Documents\DCB\21433dh.doc PICK'FRING RECOSIMENDATION OF THE FINANCE & OPERATIONS CONIMII'TEE DATE MOVED BY That Council authorize appropriate City of Picketing staff to proceed with acquisition of the "option lands", legally described as Part of Hillside Drive. Register-ed Plan 3~5. Part of By Street. Registered Plan 355. Part of Lots 4-7. 5 ] and 52. Lots 48.40 and 5~. Registered Plan 355, designated as Parts T and ll on Plan 40R-17911, and comprising approximately 04 hectares, as per the Option to Purchase Agreement beix~een the Citx of Picketing and tine Picketing Harbour Company/now Marinxvood }toldings). registered as Instrument i.T *~ )-'c~5 ) 1('4 ?ICKERING REPORT TO COUNCIL FROM: Neil Carroll Director, Planning & Development Everett Buntsma Director, Operations & Emergency Services DATE: April.~, '~ 2002 REPORT NUMBER: PD 1%02 SUBJECT: City Option To Purchase Lands from Marinwood Holdings South-east of 'Canoe Landing' Condominium Townhouse Development South of Begley Street, Adjacent to Frenchman's Bay City of Picketing RECOMMENDATION: That Council authorize appropriate City of Pickering start to proceed with acquisition of the "option lands", legally described as Part of Hillside Drive, Registered Plan 355, Part of Bv Street, Registered Plan 355, Part of Lots 47, 51, and 52, lots 48. 49, and 50, Registered Plan 355, designated as Parts 7 and 11 on Plan 40R~17911, and comprising approximately 0.4 hectares, as per the Option to Purchase Agreement between the City of Picketing and the Picketing Harbour Company (now Marinwood Holdings), registered as Instrument LT 907950. ORIGIN: Submission of Development Notice by Marinwood Holdings Limited AUTHORITY: The Option to Purchase Agreement between the City of Picketing and the Picketing Harbour Company. FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS: The cost to acquire the option lands is $184,000 as per the Option to Purchase Agreement. The Director, Corporate Services & Treasurer has confirmed that the required funds are available from the Parkland Reserve Fund No. 4230. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: On April 7, 1999 the City of Pickering entered into an agreement (known as the "Option To Purchase" agreement) with the Picketing Harbour Company respecting a 0.4-hectare parcel of land (known as the "option lands") located south of the existing "Canoe Landm= condominium project (See Location Map Attachment #1). Report to Council PD 19-02 Subject: Option Lands and Option 'Fo Purci2asc .-\~r'ccmont Date: April,, '~ 2002 Page ~ The agreement provided the City with a ten-year time i'ramc within which an opportunity xxoutd exist to acquire the "option lands" at a fixed price of 51S4 t<)<) Thc City's oppol'tUnit> to purchase the "option lands" is actixatcd onlx upon tine ox~ncr's (iqox~ MarinwoodHoldings~ submission of a lbmml "development notice", declaring intent to dcxclop thc lands. The notice must also include tectmical information supporting thc xiabiiitx of servicing the proposed development. The Citx Clorl-c received a "dex elopn!ent notice" fi'om Nla!Finxx ood Holdings Limited on February 22.20~)2. containing all the required inlbmTatiol7 as per thc "Option To Purchase" a~FcclliciTt, alqd outlining their intent to develop the "option lands" 1bt ten condominium toxknhousc units (See Applicant's Submitted Plan Attachment =2}. Nlarinxxood Hohiings Liluitcd acquired interest in the lands fi'om thc Picketing }{arbour Compan> and ~cmain bound by thc temps of the agreement signed between the City and the Picketing Harbour C'oiupan>. Nlarinxvood Holdings Limited is the developer of thc existing condominium tox~ni~ousc project known as "Canoe Landing,"= abuttin~ the option lands to tho north. Based on the date the City Clerk _()~)_ to received the development notice, thc Citx of Pickerin~ has until .<'~. ,) pm on Juno _,.~ o ~ provide written notice to Mm'inwood Moldings Limited oxorcisin< its "option to purchase". City staff from the Operations & EFI*iCi'~oi2c\ St2F\icos and tho Plamfin~ ~ Dcxclopment Departments have reviewed thc "dcxclopluCnt notice" and concur that thc conceptual development as proposed by Marinxvood Holdings I.imitcd appears to be technically l~asible. However, considering tho strategic location o/' these ]:l~ld5 adjaccm to Frenchman's Bay, it is recommended by both Departments flint residential dc~ olopmont of t]qc lands not be pursued and that the City exercise its option to purchase the lands ~br public :lsd. I'hcsc hinds will provide a xaluable resource to the enhancement of thc WatcrIt'ont Trail 5',stem and to the potential expansion of the Bavshore Tot Lot. it is recommended :hat CoLmcil authorize appropriate City Staff'to proceed with acquisition of thc "option lands" al thc preset price et'S184.000. BACKGROUND: 1.0 History Thc Pickerin,j Harbour Company submitted a site plan zxpplicauon to thc City of Picketing in ~9~ 1~ _, proposing to develop a 1(>~) unit conaplcx comprised of 12() apamnents and 40 townhousc units on lands which are now occupied bx a (,~ unit toxvnhouse development known as "Canoe Landing". As pcirt of thc original site plan application, the PicketingHarbour Company requested that thc Citx stop up and sell to the Harbour Company a portion of Bcgley Sti'cct. '['}lc [_Cgal Department Ibrxxardcd a Report to Council (Report No. L 09/97) on Xlarch ~ outlinin~ thc details of the negotiations and provided a draft bv-lax~ to stop up and soil portion> o~' Bo~lov Street and another by-law authorizim,. = the Mayor and City Clerk to execute an -option a<rccmcnt" respecting certain lands adjacent to Frenchman's Bay. ('ouncil endorsed tho recommendation and approved the related by-laws. The creation of the "option a_rocmen~" was a r'csult of thc no?tiations with the Pickering Harbour Company and was based on concerns fi'on~ members oi' tile community with respect to the potential development of the "option lands" as the ×oning of lands pemaits residential development. Residents indicated their prolk~rcnco that tho "opuon lands" be used for open space park purposes and that their present x iow s of Frenchman's Bay remain unobstructed. Report to Council PD 19-02 Subject: Option Lands and Option To Purchase A~eement Date: April '~ ~( ( - Page 3 1.1 Option to Purchase Agreement On April 7, 1999 the City of Pickering entered into an "Option To Purchase" agreement with the Pickering Harbour Company respecting a 0.4-hectare parcel of land located south of thc existing "Canoe Landing" condominium project (south-west comer of Begley and Bayly Streets). Thc agreement provided the City xvith a ten-year time frame within which an opportunity would exist to acquire the "option lands" at a fixed price of S184.000. The City's opportunity to purchase the "option lands" is activated only upon the owner's (now Marinwood Holdings) submission of a formal "development notice", declaring intent to develop the lands. The notice must also include technical information supporting the viability of servicing the proposed development. The City Clerk received the "development notice" on February__,'~? .oOOV_, from Marinwood Holdings Limited, containing all the required information as per the "Option To Purchase" agreement, and outlining their intent to develop the "option lands" for ten condominium townhouse units (See attachment #2 Applicant's submitted plaiD. The a~eement stipulates that the City of Pickering has up to 5:00 pm on the 12()tt~ day following receipt of the development notice to decide whether or not to purchase the "option lands" for the prescribed amount noted above. Based on the date the City Clerk received the development notice, the City of Pickering has until 5:00 phi on June 22, 2002 to provide written notice ("option notice" to Marinwood Holdings Limited exercising its "option to p t~ rc h as e". Should the City not exercise ~ts "option to purchase" within the 120 day period, the agreement generally becomes null and void. In the event the City does not exercise its purchase option ~vithin 120 days of receipt of the development notice, and in the event the owner has not commenced construction within two years of delivery of the development notice, the City's purchase option will be reinstated for thc unexpired period of the option tenn. It is our understanding that Marinwood Holding Limited fully intends to develop the option Iai]ds, should thc City not exercise its option to purchase. In addition, thc agreement contains specific terms and conditions respecting the sale of the option lands such as, but not limited to, time limits for completing the sale, ensuring that the City receives the option lands with clear title, adjustments to purchase price on account of realty taxes and local improvement rates, and that the option lands are sold clear of all foundations, buildings and structures of any nature or kind. 1.2 Acquisition of"Option Lands" The City's Operations & Emergency Services and Planning & Development Departments both recommend that Council exercise its option and purchase the lands. The lands are strategically situated adjacent to Frenchman's Bay such that they will provide a valuable resource to the enhancement of the Waterfront Trail System and to the potential expansion of the Bayshore Tot Lot. Portions of the land are anticipated to accommodate a section of the waterfront trail connecting to Bayly Street through Beglcy Street. Other lands may be added to the Bayshore Tot Lot which is accessed from both Albacore Manor and Tanzer Court. Conceptual plans and designs for the park expansion would occur through future budgets. Purchase of these lands for Park/Open Space purposes assists in achieving an objective of the Pickering Official Plan to maintain a healthy ecological system. Lands used for open space purposes not only maintain ecological health, but also promote physical and mental health of City residents. The transportation policies of the Official Plan state that City Council shall endeavour to pursue and maintain an interconnected system of trails and bikeways within the urban and rural areas including connections to the Lake Ontario Waterfront Trail. Report to Council PD 19-02 Subject' Option Lands and Option To Purchase Ag:cement Date: &pril '~ ~nn'~ Page 4 1.3 Funds Ibr Acquisition Thc City's Director, Corporate SCI'x, ik_'eS cKZ Treasurer has conI:rmed that thc funds :oquirod to acquire thc "option lands" arc axaiiablc in the Parkland Acquisition Account (account number 4230). No land appraisal of the option lands is required as the value of the land has been established within the "©lotion to Purchase Agrceiuem". ATTACHMENTS: Location Nlap Applicant's Submitted Plan Prepared By: Approx ed Endorsed TB _it' A. tlac hlllCllts ('opy: Chief Administrative Officer / Dirccto:. Ope:ations & Emc:gcncv Scrxiccs Recommended for the consideration of Picketing i ('it,,' Council ¢h~as .I. ~LllI:I% Ch:et Adn~v~ccr ATTACHMENT# ~ 1~ REPORT d' PD / ~'(~.:~ / OPTION II_ANDS WAYFARER LANE RADOM BAYSHORE TOTLOT STREET FPENCHMAN % Z HALLER AVEN U E OLD ORCHARD AVE. BAY PLACE LONA PARK Planning & Development Department DRAWN BY RC CHECKED BY TB City of Pickering PROPERTY DESCRIPTION PARTS 7 AND 11, 40R-17911 OWNER MARINWOOD HOLDINGS LTD. APPLICATION No. FOR DEPARTMENT USE ONLY PN-3 PA- DATE APR. 8, 2002 SCALE 1:5000 INFORMATION COMPILED FROM APPLICANT'S SUBMI~FED PLAN /I · ; ......,,... -- -- i -' LANDING ........... .',.. .x : · ' "- / OPTION ~ I '-... ~NDS ,....- LU CID' OF PICK£7~IN6' DEVELOPI~IEflT DEPARfMEN~ SUPPORT APRIL 5, 2002 li0 HCKEIqNG RECOMMENDATION OF THE FINANCE & OPERATIONS COMMITTEE DATE MOVED BY Bv-laws should be enacted to authorize the execution of Boundary. Road Agreements with the Town of Ajax, the Township of Uxbridge and the City of Toronto for the period of January, 2002 to January, 2012 ( 10 years). REPORT TO COUNCIL FROM: Richard Holborn. PEn: DMsion Head Municipal Property & Engineering DATE .April 12. 2002 REPORTNL.'MBER OES01C-32 SUBJECT: Roads Boundary Road .Maintenance Agreements Ajax/Uxbridge Toronto File: RTC ~t10-02 RECOMMENDATION' Bv-laxvs should be enacted to authorize the execution of Boundarx Road Agreen~ents with the Toxin of Ajax, the Township of Uxbridge and the City oFToronto tbr the period of'January, 2002 to Januao,, 2012 (10 years). ORIGIN: Expir>.' of previous Boundary Road \laintenance :Xareements :\L:THORITh' Municipal .Act. R S O l c;%~. c Xl 45. section 271 FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS No financial implications are expected beyond those proxided for annually, in road maintenance and repair budgets. Ajax No invoices are exchanged for standard road maintenance Agreement provides for cost sharing tbr reconstruction or significant repair Uxbridtze - No invoices are exchan~,ed tbr standard road maintenance cost sharing For reconstruction or significant repair Agreement provides lbr Toronto - Picketing invoices Toronto fl0r 5000 of any costs incurred for standard road maintenance, reconstruction or significant repair EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: NA BACKGROUND: Where roads tbrm the boundaries betx~een mun c palities, there is atx~avs a question o£ which municipality is responsible for the maintenance and general upkeep oFthose roads. Section 271 of the Municipal Act R.S.O. 1990. c 7,1 45 alloxxs ad.joinin~ municipalities to provide fbr such situations by entering into Agreements to share the maintenance and repair cost obligations and to further indemnify, and save harmless the other from any loss or damage arising From such an arrangement. Pickering has entered into Boundary Road Maintenance Agreements with each of Ajax. Lxbridge and Toronto (previously Scarborough} since 1979 The most recent versions have now expired and it is recommended that new .Agreements be entered into tbr tile next ten year period Report to Council OES 010-02 Date: April 12, 2002 Subject: Boundary_ Road Maintenance Agreements Page 2 Council is hereby advised that the Agreements currently being reviewed bv the Solicitor for the City between Ajax and Picketing and between Uxbridge and Picketing propose a change to the previous cost-sharing arrangements. Under the conditions of the prior agreement, both Picketing and Ajax would invoice each other for 50% of any works performed on boundary roads. Under the proposed Agreement, Picketing and Ajax will each be responsible for, without chargeback, the routine maintenance and repair costs (including winter control) of the various sections of the boundary roads delegated to them The 50% cost-sharing arrangement between Picketing and Ajax for any reconstruction or significant repairs to the delegated sections of the boundary roads remains unchanged. This modification will eliminate the administrative expenses required to prepare mutual and relativelv equal chargebacks for routine maintenance between municipalities and will provide uniformity in road boundary agreements with all area municipalities. PickeringFOxbridg_~ Under the conditions of the prior agreement both Pickering and Uxbridge were responsible for all expenses associated with the maintenance and repair of their section of the boundary roads delegated to them. Under the conditions of the new agreement, the expenses tbr the provision of routine maintenance will remain unchanged but provision has been made for each municipality to be responsible for 50% of the costs for any reconstruction or significant repairs. This modification has been proposed to share the cost of major repairs such as culverts and surface repairs and will provide uniformity in road boundary agreements with all area municipalities. Pickering./Toronto The Agreement between the City of Pickering and the City of Toronto will remain unchanged as there is no equal delegation of roads between the municipalities. The City of Picketing will continue to invoice the City of Toronto for 50% of the incurred costs to provide standard maintenance, reconstruction and significant repairs to the delegated portion of the boundary_ road. Upon receiving authorization for the execution of the Agreements from Picketing Council, Picketing will forward the relevant agreements to Ajax, Uxbridge and Toronto to finalize and execute. Enactment of the by-laws attached hereto will authorize the execution of a Boundary Road Agreement between the City and Ajax, Uxbridge and Toronto in a form satisfactory to the Solicitor for the City. A separate by-law is required for each Agreement as the terms of the legislation require both the Agreement and the By-law authorizing its execution to be registered in the Land Registry Office. ATTACHMENTS: Draft By-laws (3). Location Maps (6). Report to Council OES010-02 Subject: Boundary' Road Maintenance Agreements Date: April 12, 2002 Page 3 Prepared By: B Kuzma Administration Supervisor fiOivision H~ad. Municipal ?roperW & Engineering BK:rwh Attachments Copy: Chief Administrative Director, Operations & Emergencx Serx ices City Clerk Solicitor for the City Approved Endor~d Bx' Evere~(Buntsma Director. Opera't~hns and Emergencx Serxices Recommended for the consideration or' Pickering City Council Th61~J~ J Quinn. Cffnief Ad~ministra~ 114 ;,TTACH?iEf':," ;;.. /.._..,TO Ft,EPORTf;_o.~5 ~FHE CORPORATION/~OTTHE CITY OF PICI~RING BY-LAW NO. Being a by-law to authorize the execution of a Boundary Road Maintenance Agreement between Corporation of tile Ci.~. of Pickermg and Tile (7orporatiott qf the Town of Ajax (,/anuar);, 2002 to .January, 2012). V~qtEREAS pursuant to section 271 of the Municipal Act, R.S.O. 1990, chapter M.45 the corporations of adjoining municipalities may enter into an Agreement for the maintenance and repair of any highway forming the boundary between such municipalities; NOW THEREFORE THE COUNCIL OF THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF PICKERING HEREBY ENACTS AS FOLLOWS: The Mayor and Clerk are hereby authorized to execute a Boundary Road Maintenance Agreement, in a form satisfactory to the Solicitor for the City, between The Corporation of the City of Picketing and The Corporation of the Town of Ajax. BY-LAW read a first, second and third time and finally passed this 6m day of May, 2002. Wayne Arthurs, Mayor Bruce Taylor, Clerk \\'3150 ATrACHi,'iEi,4':'fi~ i ~ at,~-oz i SCHEDULE A PICKERING MAINTAINED LOOSE TOP LENGTH = 1520 m iapprox.) (SIDELINE 16) OPERATIONS & EMERGE~,~£'Y SERVICES DEP~]ML~'F MUN~IPAL P~ E ~IN~RI~ D~I~ 1:~ ~ APRIL SCHEDULE A PICKERING MAINTAINED ASPHALT LENGTH = 5000 m (approx.) (FIFTH CONCESSION ROAD) AJAX - PICKERING BOUNDARY ROAD MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT ATTACHi'iEN'Tf;~?__L_TO I~PORT# 0eS o~o BAYLY i i STREET I' [~ ~ SCHEDULE B '~ ~ N~ MAINTAINED , ~. <~ ~ <j SUBFACE TR~TMENT [ -~ LENGTH = GSO m ' - .... <'-, ~_ / I , 1.. .--~ ~. ._~ ~ ~. ., SCHEDULE A II''~. ~ '~ c~ ~i PICKERINGM~NED 'Q--"' SURFACE TR~TME~  CE~GIH = 400 m (approx.) M~IOAL P~ & , . _ ~,.~,~ o~,~ BOUNDARY ROAD MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT ROA~ © 1'!? SCHEDULE B AJAX MAINTAINED ASPHALT LENGTH = 920 m (approx.) ! STRLET L BAYLY AJAX - PICKERING BOUNDARY ROAD MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT 1.18 THE CORPORATION OF TkIE~[~'Y OF PICKERiNG BY-LAW NO. Being a by-lmm, to authorize the execution qf a Boundary Road Maintenance g&v'eement hem,een The Corporation of the CiO' ~f Pickering and The Corporation of the 7bwnship qf [Rbridge ~latmaty, 2002 toJanuao,, 2012~. WHEREAS pursuant to section 271 of the Municipal Act, RS.O. 1990, chapter M.45 the corporations of adjoining municipalities may enter into an Agreement for the maintenance and repair of any highway forming the boundary between such municipalities; NOW THEREFORE THE COUNCIL OF THE CORPORATION OF TIlE CITY OF PICKERING HEREBY ENACTS AS FOLLOWS: The Mayor and Clerk are hereby authorized to execute a Boundary Road Maintenance Agreement, in a form satisfactory to the Solicitor for the City, between The Corporation of the City of Picketing and The Corporation of the Township of Uxbridge. BY-LAW read a first, second and third time and finally passed this 6th day of May, 2002. Wayne Arthurs, Mayor Bruce Taylor, Clerk \V3150 TOWNSH,~ OF UXBRtDGE -4 C ~v OF ~ICKERING OPEP~5.TIONS & EMERGENCY SERVICES I)EPARTME~[ .~.~,,~~ UXBRIDGE- PICKERING - , . - . BOUNDARY ROAD ~INTENANCE AGREEMENT TOWN~HIP of UXBRID~£ TOWNSHIP OF SCHEDULE A PICKERING MAINTAINED LOOSE TOP LENGTH = 320 m (approx.) UXBRIDGE F~tCKER1NG-- UXBRIDGE ~I OWNLINE SCHEDULE A PICKERING MAINTAINED LOOSE TOP LENGTH = 960 m (approx.) CITY OF PICKERING 'I OPERATIONS & EMERGENCY SERVICF~S DEPARTMENT M UN~CIPAL PROPtERTY & E NGINEERII~G DIVISION w,~ 1:12 nor r~t: APRIL 12_/2(X12 UXBRIDGE - PICKERING BOUNDARY ROAD MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT ROAD _ ,-- _ I SCHEDULE B ~., ~_-- :, CITY O~F/ PtC¼ERI~G ' ,~J UXBRI~E MAINTAINED '~-,,[ .. / ?; ~. .......... ~, -~~ ~.~ LENgTH=6230m(approx) OPERATIONS & F. MERGENCY ~"" '~:~'~ ~:~^"'~ :~-~' UXBRIDGE PICKERING MUNK~IPAL PROf:'ERTY & -- ENG1NE[::RINGDIVI~Z~ BOUNDARY ROAD MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT APRIL 12/2002 l°2 THE cORPORATION OF THE CITY OF PICKERING BY-LAW NO. Being a by-law to authorize the execution of a Boundary Road Maintenance A~'eement between 7he Corporation of the C/0' of £ickering and The Corporation of the Ci(F of Toronto (.January , 2002 to ~lanua~. , 2012). WHEREAS pursuant to section 271 of the Municipal Act, R. SO. 1990, chapter M.45 the corporations of adjoining municipalities may enter into an Agreement for the maintenance and repair of any highway forming the boundary between such municipalities~ NOW THEREFORE THE COUNCIL OF THE CORPORATION OF THE CITY OF PICKER1NG HEREBY ENACTS AS FOLLOWS: The Mayor and Clerk are hereby authorized to execute a Bounda _fy Road Maintenance Agreement, in a form satisfactory to the Solicitor for the City, between Thc Corporation of the City of Pickering and The Corporation of the City of Toronto. BY-LAW read a first, second and third time and finally passed this 6th day of May, 2002. Wayne Arthurs, Mayor Bruce Taylor, Clerk RTC 0 [ 0-02 OPERA'I~ONS & E~El~GENCY '~ SERV ICES DEPARI~t~ MUN~AL P~Y & E~IN~RI~[ O~ 1:13~ APRIL 1~ ~ II PICKERING ~N~ ] ~, ~II ........................ ~ //I SURFACE TR~TME~ I "', ,~?! I LENGTH: 2,715m (approx.) I '~', _ ~ (~075m Conc. 2 + ~Om ~nc. 3) / 4,I~~~ , < ', 0 CORRIDOR ..... ~~,.~ ~ - . ~ .... ~' TORONTO - PICKERING BOUNDARY ROAD MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT