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HomeMy WebLinkAboutMillennial Square Report d O� The Millennial Square and the Waterfront Trail: Celebration and Interpretation Within the Context of a Three-part Trail System A Report by Pickering's Arts and Heritage Communities. March 4, 1999 1 `4,4, SIGNAGE 0�,� 4 We conclude that the Primary Trailhead Signage for Pickering, be guided by the Waterfront Regeneration Trust book, Design Signage and Maintenance Guidelines. We endorse these guidelines. This document, prepared by Victor Ford Associates Inc. (1997 ), contains illustrations, dimensions and costs of the various designs. We particularly like the vertical variations page120. To define many of the unique historical, environmental and cultural elements of Pickering's Waterfront Trail we would like to see a more creative, artistic approach used. One, that from a distance, would arouse curiosity and thereby attract people to come closer. To educate people, one must first get their attention. See enclosed photos. MILLENNIUM SQUARE RECOMMENDATIONS Many years ago, prior to the coming of the Europeans, the shoreline of Pickering was graced with the majesty of thousands of tall, straight, white pine trees. These products of the raw earth (and some would say the power of God) would sway and blow in the winds off Lake Ontario. They were discovered by the first Europeans who immediately considered them a valuable resource for masts for the ship building industry. Thus began one of the first connections between the Old and the New World. A very important and internationally recognised sculptor, Ron Baird, has designed a maquette in the stylised form of a white pine tree. The completed kinetic sculpture will be 42 feet in height. Its base or trunk is a pole which will move on a 360 degree axis in the wind. There are four large white "branches" which resemble a pine tree, two of which are stationary and two of which are kinetic. In a wind, these latter two branches move in a vertical form to become white sails from a ship in the wind. WE RECOMMEND THIS SCULPTURE TO BE INSTALLED IN THE CENTRE OF MILLENNIUM SQUARE. It will require little space, can have a seating component at its base and will demand tremendous curiosity and interest , particularly from the top of Liverpool road. While we agree with the concept of the lighthouse to be used, perhaps, as a historical or environmental Interpretive Centre, we do not agree that the best location is on the Millennium Square. We see the Square as the meeting place of past, present, future, a meeting place of all the trails coming together, a meeting place or the sense of HOME, a meeting place of cultures. We question the integrity of the space if something so important as this tourist attraction is crowded into this important location.Without knowing all the politics of the land owner issues, we recommend the ideal location to be on the east spit . Our alternative recommendations would be at Port Pickering Marina, a location which would act as a catalyst to get people moving around the BayTrail. Other possible locations would be at the north end of Frenchman's Bay, (Westshore Community Centre area) or on either on the West spit beach or on the beach, east toward the Nuclear Plant. iv& The Millennial Square Within the Context of a Three-part Trail System: Report by the Arts and Heritage Communities. 04. •C The development of a trail along Pickering's waterfront presents us with a singular opportunity. More than merely adding a link to the cross-Canada trail, we have the chance to create both an educational experience for users,and to define our municipality within a healthy, desirable context by incorporating elements of our cultural and natural history. Distinctive trail design has also the potential to invoke a symbolic journey- not just by noting the events and peoples of our collective past, but also by encouraging a reflection of ourselves at the passing of the Millennium. The Millennial Square is the place for that reflection. It is a people place;a place for gathering. It is a place for the celebration of the arts, perhaps the highest achievement of our species-the ability to create beauty. It is a place for contemplation. The Square is surrounded by water, a vital element of our being and one to which we are naturally drawn. It is also surrounded by the much of the magnificent natural heritage with which Pickering has been blessed. Some of that heritage is threatened by the forces of modern society. The Square is a site from which we can monitor our success at mitigating those threats, for we now know that if we do not take steps, the beauty of the site will fade. The way to the Millennial Square,by way of the waterfront trail, marks the passage of time. However, a lineal depiction of our progress through the ages, ranging from one border to the other, proves to be artificial,arbitrary and just plain awkward. What does work is the division of the trail into three well defined sections, each identified with a common design element; from the Rouge to Frenchman's Bay; around the Bay,and east to the Ajax border. If, then, twin chronologies are extended from the borders inward, the foot of Liverpool Road becomes a natural focal point, rather than a half-way mark along the waterfront. The Millennial Square then serves as a destination, both physical and symbolic -a place where we want to be. � 4,6 From the western side,the trail marks a succession of peoples culminating in our present '2 multicultural society. From the east, it marks the changes in our historical landscape 0+�► since European settlement,covering the earliest days upon Duffin's Creek,through forests and meadows, on past the massive modern infrastructure of the nuclear generating station to the Millennial Square-a point where we may celebrate an enlightened - appreciation of the our town, our society and ourselves. A trail around the Bay allows us the opportunity to appreciate that world in its natural beauty. , • . This interpretation of our natural and cultural history must be loosely structured,though, in order that elements be examined within their immediate context i.e. an historical feature may still be included on an environmental trail. The installation of Baird's White Pine sculpture is the perfect symbol of our journey. Many of Pickering's ancient pine stands are proving to be a result of uniform forest regeneration from abandoned native maize fields. The pioneers found them an imposing feature of the new land,to be tamed for settlement, and the tall, straight trunks of the pines were prized by the Royal Navy for ship's masts. The application of Baird's concept to Pickering's waterfront is nothing less than elegant. . Gates or portals should mark the entrance to the trail from the eastern and western "anchors." These points offer a prime opportunity to celebrate our Arts in conjunction with Pickering's waterfront vision. Similarly,artistic elements may be incorporated into our educational "signage,"keeping a common image to identify each section, but allowing for additional inspiration and interpretation from individual artists. In this manner, schools or the public at large may participate in the process and leave their own signature on the Millennium. The Waterfront Trail and the Millennial Square complement each other,as well as the wisdom of their creators,the residents of Pickering. , LET US BE UNIQUE dO The First Nations Trail A Celebration of Pickering's Native Heritage 0+ 7e4 In celebrating the changing of the Millennium, it must be recalled that this area has only seen some 200 years since European settlement. One thousand years ago,Pickering was home to numerous aboriginal peoples,and had been for about 11,000 years before that. The First Nations Trail,ranging from the Rouge River to Frenchman's Bay, is so named as to acknowledge these first inhabitants of Pickering. Interpretation of this section of the trail will be designed to provide an understanding of both their identity and lifeways. It is proposed that a native projectile point or"arrow head"graphic be used to symbolise this part of the trail, although there also exist a variety of linear patterns, used to decorate ceramic pottery, which could be incorporated into other design elements. Note: Representatives of First Nations cultural groups will be asked to comment on this process in order to avoid any perception of"appropriation of voice." , j,, • • :{ • : - •.• • • . .yf1•• � ;11:�� lits' d� Interpretive Signage • GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL FORMATIONS 1. Escarpment/bluffs/erosion. Distinguish between escarpment and bluff.Discuss erosion, its causes and its effects. WATER COURSES 2. Rouge River. Called the River Nen by Simcoe,the Rouge opened up the interior to natives and settlers alike. It is an old river that pre-dates the last period of glaciation: 3. Petticoat Creek. Originally known as Petit Cote, it is one of our last reminders that for 200 years,Pickering was part of New France. NATIVE HERITAGE 4. Introduction to the Western Trail-Pickering's First Nations Cultures. The Town of Pickering has experienced 200 years of European settlement, but for 11,000 years previous it was the domain of the First Nations.The earliest are known as Paleoindians,nomads who hunted game and gathered wild plant foods in the cooler postglacial climate,living in a world of giant tigers,woolly mammoth and other extinct megafauna. They were followed, 1000 years later,by peoples of the Archaic Period. The development of ceramic pottery ca.2900 years ago marks onset of the Woodland Period, which saw the rise of the various tribes which we recognise today. These paths trod today are not far distant from those used since the last glacier finally retreated. 5. Archaic Period.Archaic tradition hunter/gatherers differed from the Paleoindians which preceded them by their tool making styles,methods of exploiting their environment and their growing population. This era lasted some seven thousand years 6. Woodland Period. This tradition is marked by the use of pottery and the adoption of agriculture,which led to a change from a nomadic existence to village life. One of the several phases of this era is a pre-Iroquoin people known as"Pickering Culture",from a site discovered nearby. 7. The Toronto Passage. The forks of the Rouge marked the southern terminous of an ages-old trading route which led from Lake Ontario to the Upper Great Lakes by way of Lake Simcoe. 8. Huron Indians. The Huron or Wyandot were an Iroquoin people who made their home in southern Ontario from the late 14th to the mid-17th centuries. Conflict with their Iroquois cousins to the south led to the abandonment of their territories,first of the north shore of Lake Ontario, then the area of Huronia near Georgian Bay. 9. The Three Sisters.This was the common name for Corn,Beans&Squash. These three plants formed the basis of native agriculture. 10. Longhouse. The Huron and Iroquois First Nations lived in houses built from wooden poles and intertwined saplings,shingled with bark. Some of these longhouses could stretch as far as 30 metres and were home to several families or an extended family grouping. 11. Pottery&Flint. Much of what we know of First Nations lifeways comes from artifacts crafted of pottery and stone. Both forms of technology bear characteristics that allow us to identify the culture that used them,and draw conclusions about those peoples'activities. 12. Gandatsetiagon. This First Nations village,located a few miles north of the mouth of the Rouge,was occupied ca. 1665-1687 by Seneca from New York State. These Iroquois peoples were drawn here by the Rouge Trail and a secure environment both fertile and rich in game. Ith 13. Mississauga. .� After the Iroquois abandoned the north shore ca. 1700, the Mississauga FirstNations OA came to this region. They made their lives here until their lands were ceded to the A� British,and the land was opened up to pioneers. Natives reportedly still lived in the area in the mid-I 800s, but today the closest Mississauga community is located on the shores of Lake Scugog 14. Gunshot Treaty. In 1788,the First Nations of the Mississauga sold to the British Crown all of the lands between Toronto and Trenton,and as far north as a gunshot could be heard. The northern limits were set at Lake Simcoe. FRENCH HERITAGE 15. Fur trading: The riches to be exploited by the fur trade, primarily beaver skins, motivated both European exploration and native expansion in Southern Ontario. 16. Etienne Brule: Quite possibly the first European to visit this area was Ettiene Brule,a young scout of Samuel de Champlain's. Indications are that,in 1615 he probably used the Rouge Trail in his explorations of New France. 17. Francois de Salignac de Fenelon. Fenelon,a Sulpician Priest,founded a short-lived teaching mission among the Seneca of Gandatsetiagon. in 1669,making him the first European resident of the Toronto area. 18. Jean Pere&Adrien Jolliet. French explorers who utilised the Passage de Toronto in 1669 on their quest for copper near Lake Superior. 19. Jacques Rene de Brisay Denonville. Governor Denonville of New France is perhaps best known for his punative expedition against the New York Seneca in 1687,an action which prompted the abandonment of Gandatsetiagon. 20. Jean Rousseau. The French trader who was the last resident of old French Toronto and the first resident of British York. Based on the Humber River, his business with the Mississauga took him all along the north shore of the lake. LAKE ONTARIO HERITAGE 21. Shipbuilding. The mouth of the Rouge was home to a thriving shipbuilding industry from 1820 to the middle of the century.By 1843, steam had replaced sail and the last schooner was launched. 22. Stonehooking. From 1820 to 1920,a fleet of stonehookers grappled stone from the shallows of the lake for use as building materials.The trade was eventually restricted due to the resulting erosion of the shoreline. PUBLIC AREAS/ACTIVITIES 23. Petticoat Creek Conservation Area. In 1965, William Moore's estate was purchased by the then Metropolitan Toronto and Region Conservation Authority,who opened it as a public park in 1975. PERSONS 24. Augustus Jones. The first survey of the Toronto area,including Pickering,was carried out by Jones in 1791 at the behest of Lord Dorchester,Governor of Canada. It is said that it was he who named the township of Pickering,after a town in his Yorkshire homeland. v 25. Cecil White. - In the 1920s hired Italian architects to create the "Venice of North America"on the Rouge Cii,,,,, River Some of the dredged channels are still visible,but the bridge that spanned the Nei ,. .. gie Rouge from'Woodgr' ange to Westpoint Avenues has disappeared. . , 26. ' Moore House. Site of a magnificent home built ca. 1912 by writer and Member of Parliament,William Moore. It was destroyed by fire in the 1930s but for years the ruins were known to locals as"The Castle,"and the estate as"Moorelands" 27. Henry Cowan. . Cowan and his son William purchased property at the mouth of the Rouge in a period from 1832 to 1862. 28. Captain George Hill. COMMUNITIES • .. 29. Beach communities. . , , 30. Rosebank/Rosebank Nursery Camp. 31. ,Heritage buildings. (Newman house and others) i. - . . ' • .t.... . . - , I-J,J-J-1 i-.&- 4' \ • ,. \,_ .. _ - - - ,- '‘ * • " A., 4 , A ., .z. ..., . . . . . , 4 •'N I. ....._...........,...s...... ......,-................/ ......./.'............., /11111111111111.111.1111111.11111.1111 ...... /7//// ' .. AmmismissioNEMIIIMMagismi------.. uecora ve roquois and Huron __. - V- motifs which might see use in brick,stone,wood lattice,etc. , .. . ".. . ,..,..... „ . • \/. - w„_\_,, . , . „2,,,,,,, ,,, ilt , , / . IIICTCIPPerri7P1 "---.- ;-,.. ----.:-.----w- --•--' *,---.:: : _---,....; : --- - , . ,,. .--- -7. , ,, , ! • . ‘ , ... s ...., / „. , <N, • \ ,..- /„.• , ...... • V. (S...N____- _, _ •-2.• • \ . c....------------_-_,_II d� Peake Trail ?, A Celebration of our European Heritage. p, The plough is our P g graphic for the eastern portion of the trail. It symbolises permanence, the setting down of roots. Immigrants came here in the beginning from the United States seeking land they could call their own. Then more immigrants came from Great Britain and Ireland and other parts of Europe to take up the pioneering life. In the long run people came to Pickering from all corners of the globe tearing out old roots, but establishing new ones in their adopted home. The Peake Trail,named for Pickering's earliest(European) settlers,will delineate the 200 years that have passed since the Peakes ploughed their first furrow. Interpretive Signage GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL FORMATIONS 1. Lake Iroquois The name given to the ancient lake formed by the melting of the glaciers. The old shoreline can be seen running across Pickering in a northwesterly direction roughly about the 3rd and 4th concessions. 2. Oak Ridges Moraine The ridge which marks the northerly boundary of Pickering can be seen from many spots along the lakeshore. It was formed by the convergence of two ice lobes. 3. Glacial till/till plain The deposit left behind by the receding glaciers is known as till;the area between the moraine and Lake Ontario is called a till plain. 4. Drumlins The receding glaciers in some areas left oval-shaped hills known as drumlins. There are 2 drumlins along the Waterfront trail: one on which the community of Rosebank was built, and one beside the nuclear power station on Montgomery Park Rd. 5. Sand spits Discuss the formation of sand spits and their constant shifting action. 6. Ice volcanoes(Winter season only) Ice volcanoes are conical peaks of shore ice that will form on the lakeshore if conditions are right and will spout lake water through the crater as the waves surge beneath. 7. Drift Examining Lake Ontario drift can be both an educational activity and a contribution to science. It is the local equivalent of searching through tidal pools along the ocean. WATER COURSES 8. Lake Ontario Discuss the historic role the lake has played in Pickering's history: as a means of transportation,as a route for exports and imports,as a place of recreation. 9. Duffin's Creek Named supposedly derived from the name of an Irish fur trader who was reported to have had a cabin in the area of what is now Pickering Village. FLORA AND FAUNA&NATURAL HISTORY Forest Zones 10. Great Lakes-St Lawrence Forest Region Tree species: mixed conifers and deciduous. The forest zone in which most of Pickering lies;an intermediate zone between the Carolinian of the south and the Boreal of the north.This sign should be placed in an area where a good variety of tree species may be found,and these should be identified in some fashion. d • Habitats • 1 1. Hydro Marsh Sign should describe the ecology of the marsh: high and low waters; N. • sedimentation;types of vegetation;importance to wildlife;etc. Birds • Breeding birds • 112. • Black Tern/Common Tern Provincially/regionally significant breeding bird species. 13. Red-tailed Hawk An oft-sighted species flying in the area of the Alex Robertson Park and Kinsmen Park;they breed in the area. 14. , > Black-crowned Night-Heron/Least Bittern Species that roost in the marshes:Night-Herons easily seen;Bitterns very shy and hard to find. 15. Northern Mockingbird A species that is currently expanding its territory northward. Mockingbirds may now be seen year-round within easy distance of the waterfront. Mammals 16. White-tailed Deer Historically abundant in Pickering; still plentiful in the north of Pickering and -sometimes can be seen along the waterfront. _` 17. Red Fox Often seen from-the trail near Alex Robertson Park;one den is on a mound inside the gates of the power plant. 18. Coyote A species on the increase in southern Ontario,'and may be seen along the lake front. - Molluscs Invasive 19. Orconectes rusticus An invasive crayfish first reported in the Great Lakes at Duffin's Creek. 20. Unionid clams Freshwater clams which in recent decades have undergone dramatic declines in southern Ontario and throughout North America.Chart should show which species are rare,threatened or endangered;a warning should be included against collecting live specimens. PUBLIC AREAS/ACTIVITIES 21. Beachfront Park Located on a sand spit,on the lake side is a beach,on the north side is a pond with a good variety of water fowl,in the middle is a playground. 22. Alex Robertson Park A beautifully landscaped park, owned by Ontario Hydro,but maintained for public use by the Town of Pickering,the park was named for a former long-time member of the town council. - 23. Bay Ridges Kinsmen Park This park has a playground,tennis courts,ball fields and§occer pitches.It is also the site of the annual Canada Day celebrations. 24. Canada Day celebrations • This annual event includes games and activities for children, displays and demonstrations, an evening of entertainment,and a giant fireworks display as a grand finale. 104 PRIVATE SITES �,2) 25. Pickering Nuclear Generating Station OA_ (CANDU reactor) One of the largest nuclear generating stations in the world;construction began in 1965 and N. the first two reactors began producing electricity in 1971. 26. Duffin Creek Water Pollution Control Plant Sewage treatment plant that services the towns of Newmarket,Aurora,Richmond Hill, Markham, Vaugham,Pickering and Ajax. HISTORIC SITES Persons 27. Major John Smith/David William Smith The first,and the largest,grant of land in Pickering Township was made to Major Smith, who thereby controlled a large portion of the lakefront. Smith died in 1795 shortly after the grant was made.His land fell to his son,David William Smith,the Surveyor General for Upper Canada,who,in addition,was himself granted large acreage in Pickering.Neither father nor son ever lived in Pickering, but the younger Smith made much money selling off lots over the years. 28. Abraham Knowles Settled on Lot 20 of the Broken Front in the early 1830s and was the first to farm this land(on which Kinsmen Park and part of the nuclear power station sit).He was also a manufacturer of a patent medicine which he advertised as"the celebrated German Oil",and was a founder of the Disciples'Church. 29. Timothy Rogers/Quaker settlement Rogers,who had previously settled a number of families in Newmarket,was responsible for bringing in a large settlement of Quakers to what is now the Pickering Village area.Rogers also erected the first saw mill in Pickering Township. 30. Gustave Plitz Farmed the land around the Squires Beach area in the 1940s and 1950s;Ingrid, Sandra and Susan Roads were named for his daughters. [Only one of the roads presently has a street name sign up.] 31. William&Margaret Peake The Peakes were the first permanent European settlers in Pickering. They settled on the lakefront at Duffin's Creek. Communities 32. Bay Ridges The first subdivision to be built after World War II;built in the early 1960s. 33. Squires Beach One of 5 beach communities in Pickering Township before World War II. Transportation 34. Brock Road The earliest north-south road in Pickering;it follows the route of an old native trail, and when it was opened in 1808-1809 it connected the Quaker settlements of Pickering,Uxbridge and Newmarket.Just to the north,along Kingston Road, is Post Manor,built in 1841 by Jordan Post,and for many years served as an inn. Sites 35. Simcoe Point The point of land overlooking the mouth of Duffin's Creek. In 1912,John Henry Greenlaw,a relative of the Peake's,built Simcoe House as a summer resort. It was a popular destination for over a quarter of a century. 36.-?? Heritage buildings d Hinterland 37. Bay Ridges farms O A summary of the families that farmed the waterfront lots in,the years before the _ Bay Ridges subdivision was built. 38. Villages and Hamlets A brief history of the villages and hamlets that grew up on the concessions north of the waterfront,with a statement of how they contributed to the development of the lakefront economy. Other 39. Timeline A series of display boards might be erected to summarize the most significant events in the development of Pickering Township/Town over its 200-year history. 40. Population fluctuations Pickering experienced a rapid growth in population from its beginning about the - year 1800 to past the middle of the century. Then,when the lumber supply ran out and grain export declined because of American import duties,the population went into a steady decline.Not until well into the 19th century did the population ' fully recover,and,of course,since the end of World War II,the population has increased in great waves. A graph might plot these population fluctuations,and an accompanying chart explain the reasons for the rise,decline and rise again. 41. People of note: Pickering has been the home of a number of well-known individuals during its 200 year history:A series of boards might tell their stories briefly. Among the naturalists Charles Fothergill and Francis Kortright;British Peer,Lord Hyde, Earl of Clarenden;businessmen Charles Luther Burton and Victor Ross;writers Jack Hambleton and Louise Richardson Rorke;editor John S. Willison;and Adelaide McLaughlin,wife of Col. Sam McLaughlin. • • • "bib `y �'a The Monarch(Environmental)Trail • O+ The point of convergence for the two historical trails provides the perfect opportunity to examine our own relationship to the world around us.Frenchman's Bay,by virtue of its proximity to modem-day urban development,is vulnerable to the stresses that we humans place upon our ecosystem.Its environs are a sanctuary for all manner of wildlife,from coyotes on down to aquatic plants, and the presence(or absence)of a life form provide an immediate indication of our stewardship skills.It therefore serves as a barometer of the town's natural health. In keeping with the concept of common design elements, we propose that the Monarch butterfly be adopted as a representative symbol of the environmental trail around the Bay. This choice has educational merit from both an historical as well as an environmental perspective. Fred Urquhart,Professor Emeritus at the University of Toronto comments on both aspects in his book "The Monarch Butterfly: International Traveller." "Why was this particular species of butterfly given the name"monarch"?The early settlers who came to North America from Europe,particularly those from England and Holland,were impressed by the sight of such a magnificent butterfly, and so named it"Monarch"after King William,prince of Orange,stateholder of Holland,and later king of England-its orange colour no doubt suggesting its name." "The monarch butterfly is an ideal insect for students in primary-and secondary schools who are engaged in the study of basic natural science.The students learn by direct observation the amazing transformation involved in insect metamorphosis, and the importance of conservation.The monarch is used by many teachers to introduce students to the discipline of entomology and at the same time to emphasise the important part played by insects in the"web of life." The monarch is a frequent visitor to the area, in fact the Bay is sometimes used as a"staging area" during the annual migration;it a place of rest before the long flight over Lake Ontario.The monarch is a positive symbol,immediately recognised and appreciated for its beauty and as symbol of hope. .06 • • Q cdt • • �Fy4, m • as • • s a ,� � • n -—t rzr • • • • .moi • • • VA Monarch Trail '1' A Celebration of our Natural Heritage. Oa_ GEOLOGICAL AND NATURAL FORMATIONS. - 1. Mud flats Explain the ecology;note the attraction to migrating shorebirds. ' 2. Douglas Creek Ravine(old dam) WATER COURSES 3. Frenchman's Bay Include here such things as a general description,area covered,changes occurring in its formation since the first records were kept,and its name. 4. Pine Creek(&other feeder creeks) ` FLORA AND FAUNA&NATURAL HISTORY Forest Zones 5. Carolinian hardwood forest- . Tree.species:Hemlock,white pine,white cedar, sugar maple,black cherry. The western end of Frenchman's Bay marks the northern limit,and in Ontario, the eastern limit, of the Carolinian(or southern deciduous)forest. Both the Rouge River and the Petticoat Creek valleys include remnants of the Carolinian forest. East and north of this area is the Great Lakes-St.Lawrence Forest Region,a mix of conifers and hardwoods. Situated as it is at the boundary of these two forest regions,Pickering accommodates species of both,making it interestingly diverse. As with the sign explaining the Great lakes-St Lawrence Forest Region,this sign should be placed in an area where a good variety of tree species may be found, and the species should be identified. Habitats 6. • - Marshes Perhaps a series of boards might describe the various types of marshes, and explain their ecology. Vascular plants 7. White pine A very important species for the early economy of Pickering Township. 8. Provincially rare plants Small Beggar-ticks(Bidens discoidea) Wild Lupine(Lapinus perennis) Lower Great Lakes Cinquefoil (Potentilla paradox) Invasive 9. Purple Loosestrife Birds 10. Breeding birds(34 species) 11. Migratory shorebirds Swans/Geese/Ducks 12. Trumpeter Swan The historical species,it was extirpated and eventually its place was taken by the Mute Swan. In recent years,however,the Trumpeter has been reintroduced and will in time,it is hoped, supplant the more aggressive Mute. Mammals 13. Opossum A species that has expanded its range from the Niagara Peninsula into the Region of Durham. A night forager,and not often seen in this area,it has been recorded around Frenchman's Bay., • Fish 'tea 14. Spawning fish(44 species) 15. Salmon Historically abundant and a major food source for Natives and early settlers;now recovering after a long period of decline. Insects 16. Monarch Butterfly Because of the educational potential,it might be well to have a series of boards explaining the ecology of the Monarch. Amphibians 17. Amphibian monitoring/Auditory stations An introduction to the various species in the area.Note that frogs and toads have been in decline world-wide in recent years for reasons which are as yet little understood. The establishment of auditory(or monitoring)stations will help record the presence and numbers of species. Reptiles 18. An introduction to the historic&present species with a discussion of their ecology, especially their role in nature. Molluscs Invasive 19. Zebra Mussels FRENCHMAN'S BAYHERITAGE 20. Lumber exports Logs and sawn lumber, along with potash,were the exports which built Frenchman's Bay into an important early port. 21. Grain(barley)exports/grain elevators In the third quarter of the 19th century,grain,especially barley,was the chief export from the bay. It was used in the distilleries of the USA. When the US imposed duties on the grain imports it killed the trade and sent the port of Frenchman's Bay into decline. 22. Lighthouse 23. Wharfs(pylons at north end) 24. Ice houses(Lake Simcoe Ice and Fuel Co.) 25. Pickering Harbour Company(initial creation) 26. Dredging 27. Marinas 28. Avis hotel 29. Bootlegging 30. "Black Jack"&the Hattie C Jack was a celebrated bootlegger who unfortunately came to an unhappy end when he ran into a police ambush. 31. Frenchman's Bay Festival An annual celebration of the bay held in June. Activities include live entertainment, activities for the children,displays,carnival rides,and a popular street dance. 32.-?? Heritage buildings PUBLIC AREAS/ACTIVITIES 33. Beachpoint Promenade Beach, marsh,access to both bay and lake. 34. Bruce Hanscombe Memorial Park Named for a local resident who was interested in preserving open spaces and parkland and who promoted minor sports in the West Shore area,the park has paved pathways,a playground,and an excellent view of the bay. 35. West Shore Community Centre A town-owned, multi-use facility. 36. Douglas Park A small community park with playground. - Vi" HISTORIC SITES Persons 37. William Dunbar An immigrant from Scotland,Dunbar was a wheelwright by training.He was the founder of Dunbarton,one of the organizers of the Pickering Harbour Company, ' an elder in the Presbyterian church, and a participant in the Rebellion of 1837. Communities 38. Dunbarton Shores/Fairport Beach One of the pre-war summer resort communities. 39. Post-war Subdivisions Rapid growth in Pickering's population began in the late 1950s and spawned the development of new subdivisions(which continues to this day). The first two subdivisions were Bay Ridges and West Shore. 40. West Shore The second post-war subdivision—after Bay Ridges. 41. Dunbarton When it was laid out the hamlet of Dunbarton was on the bay,and was created to serve as the bay's port. 42. Liverpool Market A hamlet on the Kingston Road at the corner of Liverpool Street. It was the access point to York/Toronto and to Kingston from Frenchman's Bay. The • h. Liverpool House on the north west corner was an important stage coach stop. 43. Fairport One of the earliest villages in Pickering,it was the centre for exports out of Frenchman's Bay.Later it served as one of the popular summer resort communities in Pickering Township. Transportation 44. West Shore Blvd 45. Kingston Road . The first road built through Pickering,it connected Toronto with Kingston.In its. initial stage it was constructed by Asa Danforth,but soon began to deteriorate and had to be rebuilt. 46. Baseline/Bayly St The original road was named Baseline and it followed the baseline used by Augustus Jones when he surveyed the waterfront in 1791. Its present name is derived from Benjamin de Forest(Pat)Bayly,founder of Bayly Engineering Limited of Ajax. 47. • Grand Trunk Rwy[&other Pickering railways] .. Stations Dunbarton culvert , The tunnel running under the CN tracks leads nowhere now but once was the route through which the road ran to Dunbarton from the baseline. 48. Liverpool Road 49. Front&Commerce Roads Industry . 50. Forestry/ships masts Hinterland 51: Forests(land clearing, lumber industry,products) • . I .1 • , \ .,.... 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