HomeMy WebLinkAbout3250 Sideline 28 (PLN 10-16)
CULTURAL HERITAGE PROPERTY
EVALUATION REPORT:
3250 Sideline 28, Pickering, Ontario
SUBMITTED TO:
The City of Pickering
One The Esplanade Pickering, Ontario
L1V 6K7
November 10, 2015
SUBMITTED BY: Laurie Smith Heritage
Consulting
4 Bullock Avenue Ottawa, Ontario
K1S 1G8
613-863-8852 laurie@smithheritage.ca
In partnership with:
Amy Barnes Consulting
and
Chris Uchiyama Heritage
Cultural Heritage Property Evaluation Report Prepared for The City of Pickering 3250 Sideline 28, Pickering ON November 10, 2015
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Table of Contents
1 Introduction to the Site ............................................................................................................................. 1
2 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................. 4
3 Policy Framework ....................................................................................................................................... 5
4 Historical Context ....................................................................................................................................... 7
5 Architecture and Design .......................................................................................................................... 9
5.1 One-and-a-half-storey Farmhouse .................................................................................................... 9
5.1.1 Interior ........................................................................................................................................... 10
5.2 Two-Storey Addition ........................................................................................................................... 16
5.2.1 Interior ........................................................................................................................................... 16
5.2.2 Basement ..................................................................................................................................... 17
5.3 Cultural Landscape ............................................................................................................................ 20
5.4 Archaeological Resources ................................................................................................................ 22
6 Contextual Background ......................................................................................................................... 23
7 Heritage Evaluation ................................................................................................................................. 25
7.1 Design or Physical Value ................................................................................................................... 25
7.2 Historic/Associative Value ................................................................................................................. 26
7.3 Contextual Value ................................................................................................................................ 27
7.4 Statement of Significance ................................................................................................................ 28
7.4.1 Description of Property .............................................................................................................. 28
7.4.2 Statement of Cultural Heritage Value .................................................................................... 28
7.4.3 Heritage Attributes ..................................................................................................................... 29
8 Recommendations .................................................................................................................................. 30
9 Sources ...................................................................................................................................................... 31
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List of Figures
Figure 1: 3250 Sideline 28, Location and Boundary of Property Parcel (City of Pickering, 2015) ...... 2
Figure 2: 3250 Sideline 28, Context (Base map source: Google Earth Pro, 2015) ................................. 3
Figure 3: Front elevation of 3250 Sideline 28, facing north (CU, 2015) .................................................... 3
Figure 4: 3250 Sideline 28, Current Conditions (Base map source: Google Earth Pro, 2015) ............. 4
Figure 5: 3250 Sideline 28 as shown on Detail from J.H. Beers & Co. 1877 Map of Pickering
Township (Base map source: Beers, 1877) .................................................................................................... 9
Figure 6: Front elevation (CU, 2015) ............................................................................................................. 10
Figure 7: Rear elevation (CU, 2015) ............................................................................................................. 11
Figure 8: East elevation (CU, 2015) .............................................................................................................. 11
Figure 9: Front elevation, west side (CU, 2015) .......................................................................................... 12
Figure 10: Detail, front entrance (CU, 2015) ............................................................................................... 12
Figure 11: Detail of siding and corner boards, two storey addition (CU, 2015) .................................. 13
Figure 12: Front entrance, interior (CU, 2015) ............................................................................................ 13
Figure 13: Detail, front door (CU, 2015) ....................................................................................................... 14
Figure 14: Front room, east of front entrance, showing window, wainscoting and chair rail (CU,
2015) .................................................................................................................................................................. 14
Figure 15: Front staircase (CU, 2015) ............................................................................................................ 15
Figure 16: Second floor door to addition (CU, 2015) ................................................................................ 15
Figure 17: Second floor room, showing chamfered ceiling and window casing (CU, 2015) ........... 16
Figure 18: Two storey addition, side (west) elevation (CU, 2015)........................................................... 17
Figure 19: Addition, east elevation (CU, 2015) .......................................................................................... 18
Figure 20: Detail of foundation, rear elevation (CU, 2015)...................................................................... 18
Figure 21: Basement entrance (CU, 2015) .................................................................................................. 19
Figure 22: Basement stairs to interior (CU, 2015) ........................................................................................ 19
Figure 23: Basement interior (CU, 2015) ...................................................................................................... 20
Figure 24: Tree-lined gravel laneway, facing east (CU, 2015) ................................................................ 21
Figure 25: Gravel laneway with greenhouse and gardens (CU, 2015) ................................................ 21
Figure 26: Rear of house with round wellhead and pump (CU, 2015).................................................. 22
List of Tables
Table 1: Factors Indicating Archaeological Potential or Lack of Archaeological Potential ........... 23
Table 2 - Evaluation of the Cultural Heritage Value or Interest of 3250 Sideline 28 as Per O.Reg.
9/06 Criteria 1. i., ii., and iii ............................................................................................................................. 25
Table 3 - Evaluation of the Cultural Heritage Value or Interest of 3250 Sideline 28 as Per O.Reg.
9/06 Criteria 2. i., ii., and iii ............................................................................................................................. 26
Table 4 - Evaluation of the Cultural Heritage Value or Interest of 3250 Sideline 28 as Per O.Reg.
9/06 Criteria 3. i., ii., and iii ............................................................................................................................. 27
Cultural Heritage Property Evaluation Report Prepared for The City of Pickering 3250 Sideline 28, Pickering ON November 10, 2015
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1 Introduction to the Site
Laurie Smith Heritage Consulting, in partnership with Amy Barnes Consulting and Chris Uchiyama
Heritage, was retained by the City of Pickering in April 2015 to undertake a Cultural Heritage
Property Evaluation of the property listed as 3250 Sideline 28 in Pickering, Ontario.
The property, also known as the William Turner House, is located east of the hamlet of Whitevale,
on the west side of Sideline 28, north of Whitevale Road. It is a roughly rectangular parcel, 0.82
hectares (2.03 acres) in area, comprising part of Lot 29, Concession V, Pickering Township, in the
City of Pickering, Ontario (Figure 1). The property is surrounded by agricultural lands (Figure 2).
The former Whitevale Schoolhouse is located south of the property, on the opposite (east) side
of Sideline 28.
The key resource on the property is a one-and-a-half-storey, frame farmhouse built in the Ontario
Cottage style (Figure 3), with a two-storey frame addition extending from its west side. The
original farmhouse was constructed by local farmer William Turner between 1851 and 1861; the
addition was likely built by William`s son John in the 1880s. A small wooden shed, built in the 20th
century, is located at the rear of the house. The farmhouse is accessed from Sideline 28 along a
tree-lined, gravel laneway that runs in front of the house, curving northward. The house is
surrounded by a grassed lawn with several landscaped gardens and numerous mature
deciduous and coniferous trees forming a canopy above the property.
The property remained in the Turner family until 1954. It is currently owned by the Province of
Ontario and is managed by Ontario Infrastructure and Lands Corporation (OILC).
The property is listed in the City of Pickering Municipal Heritage Register (2008) and is located
within the boundaries of the Whitevale Heritage Conservation District, which is designated under
Part V of the Ontario Heritage Act (By-law 4074-92, 1993).
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Figure 1: 3250 Sideline 28, Location and Boundary of Property Parcel (City of Pickering, 2015)
LAURIE SMITH HERITAGE CONSULTING
3250 Sideline 28
CON 5 5 PT LOT 29
NOW RP 40R24657 PART 4
PIN: 26386-0117
Cultural Heritage Property Evaluation Report Prepared for The City of Pickering 3250 Sideline 28, Pickering ON November 10, 2015
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Figure 2: 3250 Sideline 28, Context (Base map source: Google Earth Pro, 2015)
Figure 3: Front elevation of 3250 Sideline 28, facing north (CU, 2015)
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Figure 4: 3250 Sideline 28, Current Conditions (Base map source: Google Earth Pro, 2015)
2 Methodology
This cultural heritage evaluation was conducted using the criteria in O.Reg. 9/06 under the
Ontario Heritage Act. The evaluation was based on information contained in previous reports on
the site, additional historical research, and a site visit of the property. The City of Pickering
excluded public and stakeholder consultation from the consultant contract, except for the
purposes of historical research.
The heritage value of the property has previously been examined in the following reports (listed
chronologically):
• Unterman McPhail Heritage Resource Consultants, The Hamlet of Whitevale Heritage
Conservation District Study: Background Report. Prepared for the Town of Pickering,
August 1989.
• Hough, Stansbury, Woodland, Naylor, Dance Limited – Prime Consultants, D.R. Poulton &
Associates – Archaeological Assessments and Excavations, André Scheinman – Heritage
Preservation Consultant, Seaton Cultural Heritage Resources Assessment: Technical
Appendix. Report prepared for the Seaton Interim Planning Team, Ministry of Municipal
Affairs and Housing, July 1994.
• André Scheinman, Seaton Built Heritage Assessment. Prepared for the North Pickering
Land Exchange Team, Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, Planning and
Development Division, November 2004.
• Contentworks Inc., Thematic Study and Phase 1 Evaluation of ORC Properties in
Pickering. Prepared for Ontario Realty Corporation, March 2009.
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• Contentworks Inc., Phase II Evaluation of Residences on Whitevale Road, Pickering.
Report prepared for the Ontario Realty Corporation, March 2009.
• Bray Heritage, Seaton Neighbourhood Planning Background Report: Whitevale Road
Heritage Corridor Review. Report prepared for the City of Pickering, May 2010.
Sources for additional historical research are noted in the “Sources” section at the end of this
document.
An exterior and interior site visit was undertaken on June 18, 2015 by Amy Barnes, M.A. and Chris
Uchiyama, M.A. Access was provided by the current tenant, with the permission of OILC.
3 Policy Framework
In Ontario, the Provincial Policy Statement 2014 (“PPS 2014”), issued under s. 3 of the Planning
Act, provides policy direction on matters of provincial interest related to land use planning and
development.1 Land use planning decisions made by municipalities, planning boards, the
Province, or a commission or agency of the government must be consistent with the PPS 2014.2
The PPS 2014 provides that “significant built heritage resources and significant cultural heritage
landscapes shall be conserved” and “development and site alteration shall not be permitted on
lands containing archaeological resources or areas of archaeological potential unless
significant archaeological resources have been conserved”.3 “Significant” means “resources
that have been determined to have cultural heritage value or interest for the important
contribution they make to our understanding of the history of a place, an event, or a people.”4
These resources and landscapes are conserved through their “identification, protection,
management and use…..in a manner that ensures their cultural heritage value or interest is
retained under the Ontario Heritage Act.”5
Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act (“OHA”) permits municipalities to designate individual
properties that are of cultural heritage value or interest, based on criteria set out in Ont. Reg.
9/06.6 Designation is done by by-law and includes a description of the property and a statement
explaining the cultural heritage value or interest of the property and a description of the
heritage attributes of the property. Part V of the OHA permits municipalities to designate
heritage conservation districts consisting of multiple properties, and adopt a district plan for
managing change.7 A property that is included in an area designated as a heritage
conservation district may subsequently be individually designated under Part IV.8 Municipalities
must keep a register of property that is of cultural heritage value or interest. In addition to
1 PPS 2014, Part I: Preamble.
2 PPS 2014, Part III: How to Read the Provincial Policy Statement.
3 PPS 2014, s. 2.6.1 and 2.6.2.
4 PPS 2014, s. 6.0, Definitions, at p. 49.
5 PPS 2014, s. 6.0, Definitions, at p. 40.
6 OHA, Part IV, s. 29.
7 OHA, ss. 41 and 41.1.
8 OHA, s. 41(2).
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designated properties, the register may include other property that the municipality believes to
be of cultural heritage value or interest.9 The OHA provides processes for a municipality to
approve proposed alterations, demolition or removal of resources on designated properties or
within a heritage conservation district, and requires notice be given to a municipality for
proposed alterations, demolition or removal of resources on non-designated properties listed on
the register.10
Part IV OHA (individual property designation by municipalities) and Part V OHA (heritage
conservation district designation) do not apply to property that is owned by the provincial
government or by a prescribed public body.11 OILC is a prescribed public body.12 However,
municipalities are not prevented from including properties owned by the provincial government
or a prescribed public body in the municipal register of non-designated properties.13
Heritage properties owned or occupied by the provincial government or prescribed public
bodies are subject to the Standards & Guidelines for Conservation of Provincial Heritage
Properties (“the provincial S&Gs”), a set of guidelines issued by the Minister of Tourism, Culture
and Sport in 2010.14 The provincial S&Gs require provincial ministries and agencies to establish
and maintain a cultural heritage conservation policy and procedures to identify, manage and
conserve provincial heritage properties.15 Decisions affecting a provincial heritage property
must consider its cultural heritage value and mitigate negative impacts.16 If a provincial heritage
property is to leave government ownership, best efforts should be made to ensure its cultural
heritage value is protected through designation or easement; demolition or removal should be
considered only as a last resort. OILC has followed an internal heritage management process
since 2007. The property at 3250 Sideline 28 was recommended as an ORC Heritage Property in
the 2009 Phase II report prepared by Contentworks Inc. for OILC.
The OHA provides that if a property owned by the provincial government or a prescribed public
body is included in a designated heritage conservation district, and there is a conflict between
a provision of the provincial S&Gs and a provision in Part V as they apply to that property, the
provision in Part V prevails.17
The City of Pickering has adopted a policy to respect and conserve cultural heritage resources
as part of the City of Pickering Official Plan (Edition 6).18 City Council shall identify important
9 OHA, ss. 27(1.1) and (1.2).
10 OHA, ss. 27 (3), 33, 34 and 42.
11 OHA ss. 25.2 (2), 26.1 (1) and 39.1.1(1).
12 OHA, Ont. Reg. 157/10.
13 OHA, s. 26.1(3).
14 The Provincial S&Gs are available online at
http://www.mtc.gov.on.ca/en/publications/Standards_Conservation.pdf
15 S&G, s. A.2, A.2 and A.5.
16 S&G, s. A.3
17 OHA, s. 39.1.1(2).
18 City of Pickering Official Plan (Edition 6), Chapter Eight – Cultural Heritage.
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cultural heritage resources from all time periods, and prevent the demolition, destruction or
inappropriate alteration of important cultural heritage resources to the extent possible (s. 8.2).
City Council shall maintain an inventory of heritage resources designated or worthy of
designation under the OHA (s. 8.7). City Council shall encourage the preservation or excavation
of important archaeological sites (s. 8.10). Amendment 22 to the Pickering Official Plan,
approved by the Ontario Municipal Board in 2013, specifically provides that the Seaton Urban
Area shall be planned as a sustainable community, based on seven key sustainability principles,
including to “protect cultural heritage resources and archaeological resources”.
4 Historical Context
The house at 3250 Sideline 28 is located on part of Lot 29, Concession 5, Pickering Township, east
of the hamlet of Whitevale. Pickering Township was first surveyed in 1797 and Crown patents
were issued. The land around Whitevale was not settled until the early 1820s, when United Empire
Loyalist John Major (1768-1831) built a saw mill on the banks of West Duffins Creek. A small
settlement, known as Major Mills or Majorville, began to take shape along Concession 5. Major
was an Irish emigrant who had settled first in Vermont, and then fled with his wife Margaret to
Nova Scotia during the American Revolutionary War, becoming a member of the 84th Regiment
of the Loyalist Corps. After the War of 1812, he accepted a grant of land in Pickering Township.
Major was a key part of the early community – his home is noted as the location for a meeting of
township officials in 1822.19 The many direct descendants of John Major are credited as being
“among the important constituents of the later population of the township.”20
In 1843, Ira White purchased Major’s sawmill and put his son, Truman P. White, in charge of
operations.21 An ambitious industrialist, T.P. White further leveraged the power of the West Duffins
Creek and developed the milling site to include a flour mill. During the 1850s and 1860s, the
settlement grew into an industrial centre with the addition of: a planing mill (1866); a stave and
heading factory, T.P. White’s wool factory (1867); a sash and door factory; a wagon and steam
carriage factory; and the P.R. Hoover and Co. cheese factory. Commercial enterprises
included: a general store; a butcher shop; Major Hotel; and a tinsmith shop. Anticipating the
growth of the community, T.P. White registered two survey plans, one in 1857 and an amended
plan in 1860. The 1869 Ontario Gazetteer and Directory indicates that hamlet’s population was
approximately 300 that year. John Shier’s 1870 plan of subdivision was the first time that
“Whitevale” was used as the name of the community, in honour of T.P. White; although the mills
continued to be called “Majors Mills.”
19 Scheinman, 2004: 10. Major accepted a grant of Lot 18, Concession 5, Pickering Township.
20 William Wood, Past years in Pickering From Pickering collection ‘sketches of the history of the
community’. 1911: 264.
21 Unterman McPhail, 1989: 2-2.
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The patent for 200 acres comprising Lot 29, Concession 5 was part of an 1802 Crown grant to
Isabella Hill comprising several lots along Concession 5, including lots 20, 22, 23, 24, 29, and 30.22
Lot 29 was sold to James Tinline in 1836, although there is no evidence that he ever settled on
the property. In September 1841, the property was acquired by William Turner. Turner had arrived
in Pickering Township from New Brunswick that year.
William Turner was born in New Brunswick in 1801/2 and was a farmer and Baptist minister. The
1851 Nominal Census of Canada East indicates that William and his wife, Abigail (née Hanson),
were living in a one-and-a-half-storey log house with their eight children, Hannah Turner, listed as
a servant, and Margaret Hawkins.23 The Agricultural Census of that same year indicates that
William Turner owned 148 acres of Lot 29 and 20 acres of Lot 30 on Concession 5; 118 acres were
cultivated, including one acre of garden or orchard. In addition to 97 acres under crops in 1851,
Turner had four bulls, six dairy cows, three heifers, nine horses, thirteen pigs, and twenty-five
sheep. He also produced 300 pounds of maple sugar that year.24 In addition to being an early
settler and member of the agricultural community in Whitevale, Turner was also a very active
figure in the establishment of the Baptist Church in the north of Pickering Township.25
A one-and-a-half-storey frame structure was constructed sometime following the 1851 census
and prior to 1861. At the time of the 1861 census, William Turner was living in a one-an-a-half-
storey frame house with his wife, and four of their children (Jason, John, Rachel, and David).26
Turner died in December 188927 and was laid to rest in Whitevale Cemetery. Although smaller
parcels (generally two-acre lots) of the property were sold over time, the farmstead remained in
the Turner family until Howard Turner and his wife transferred the grant to Oliver Stong in 1954.28
The property was expropriated by the Crown in 1973.
Based on its style and materials, the two-storey, wood-frame addition to the west of the original
house appears to have been constructed in the 1880s29, likely to house the family of John Turner
who appears to have taken over the farmstead between 1875 and 1886.30 The sweeping
verandah may also have been added later in the 19th century by members of the Turner family.
22 Land Registry Office #40, Microfilm Reel E44, p. 137 and Pickering Women’s Institutes, Tweedsmuir History, [1966]:21 accessed online August, 2015 at
http://www.pada.ca/books/page/?pageid=369&keywords=isabella+hill.
23 1851 Census of Canada; Schedule A; p. 191-192; lines 29-39.
24 1851 Census of Canada; Schedule B; p. 277-279; lines 8-9.
25 Scheinman, 2004: 118.
26 1861 Census of Canada; Schedule A; p. 122; lines 7-12.
27 Archives of Ontario; Registrations of Ontario Deaths, 1869-1938. Series: MS935; Reel: 55; Page
183.
28 LRO#40; p. 139.
29 Scheinman, 2004: p. 119.
30 LRO#40; p. 137.
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Figure 5: 3250 Sideline 28 as shown on Detail from J.H. Beers & Co. 1877 Map of Pickering Township (Base map source: Beers, 1877)
5 Architecture and Design
The farmhouse at 3250 Sideline 28 is a one-and-a-half-storey, frame31 dwelling built between
1851 and 1861, with a two-storey frame addition on the west (c.1880s).
5.1 One-and-a-half-storey Farmhouse
The one-and-a-half-storey, frame house is built in the Ontario Cottage style, with a three-bay
façade, a centre gable and a central main entrance with transom and side-lites. It is
constructed on a rectangular plan with a long façade. The low-pitched, end-gable roof is
shingled and has eaves returns. The building is encircled below the eaves by a narrow, moulded
frieze. The building is clad in narrow clapboard, painted white, with beaded cornerboards. In
some places the square nail heads are visible. The house appears to sit on a granite foundation;
although the sweeping verandah masks the foundation on three sides and only a small portion
of the foundation is visible at grade on the rear (north) elevation. The centre gable which sits
above the wide front entrance and the sweeping front verandah may have been added later.
31 The 2004 Scheinman report incorrectly identifies the 1850s frame house as being “stone and
frame”. This is based on an incorrect reading of the 1851 Census. The “stone and frame” house referred to in the census is that of Henry Major (615 Whitevale Road), whose household was listed
above the Turner household. This explains why the 2004 report was unable to identify evidence
of the stone portion of the home.
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The rectangular, two-storey, frame addition extends off the northwest corner, perpendicular to
the original building. The siting of the house and addition take advantage of the topography of
the property so that the main floor is accessed up a set of stairs at the front, while the rear exit is
at grade. The two-storey addition sits at a lower grade than the original farmhouse, so that the
rooflines align at the same height.
A covered verandah spans the front and west elevations, supported on seven simple wooden
posts. It has a narrow frieze along the eaves, low balustrade, and central set of wooden stairs.
The wide front entrance with features a five-pane transom and ten-pane sidelights. It is
accessed through the verandah. The paneled front door retains its late-19th-century ringer,
although the hardware has been replaced. The design of the transom and sidelights is mirrored
in the one-over-one sash windows of the front elevation, which are flanked by three-over-two,
sash sidelights. Small, rectangular, one-over-one, sash windows are located on the side and rear
elevations and below the central gable on the front elevation. One of the upper-storey windows
on the east elevation is two-over-two. A rectangular window in the rear dormer is a later
addition. A door at the rear of the house leads to the kitchen.
A plastered chimney is located on the west side of the house, where the kitchen is situated.
5.1.1 Interior
Interior wood finishes are relatively intact: wooden door and window casings, base boards and
chair rails are found throughout the house. One notable door casing is found on the second
floor, leading from the original farmhouse to the second floor of the addition. Also notable is the
narrow staircase in the front hall, leading to the second floor, with turned newel posts, simple
balustrade, and beading. Wide pine flooring, likely original to the mid-19th century, and ornate
metal grates, a later addition, are found throughout the house.
Figure 6: Front elevation (CU, 2015)
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Figure 7: Rear elevation (CU, 2015)
Figure 8: East elevation (CU, 2015)
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Figure 9: Front elevation, west side (CU, 2015)
Figure 10: Detail, front entrance (CU, 2015)
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Figure 11: Detail of siding and corner boards, two storey addition (CU, 2015)
Figure 12: Front entrance, interior (CU, 2015)
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Figure 13: Detail, front door (CU, 2015)
Figure 14: Front room, east of front entrance, showing window, wainscoting and chair rail (CU, 2015)
Cultural Heritage Property Evaluation Report Prepared for The City of Pickering 3250 Sideline 28, Pickering ON November 10, 2015
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Figure 15: Front staircase (CU, 2015)
Figure 16: Second floor door to addition (CU, 2015)
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Figure 17: Second floor room, showing chamfered ceiling and window casing (CU, 2015)
5.2 Two-Storey Addition
The rectangular, two-storey addition at the northwest corner of the 1850s farmhouse is set on an
evenly-coursed, granite foundation. A narrow, moulded frieze encircles the building below the
eaves. The building is clad in shiplap siding with cornerboards. The hipped roof is interrupted on
the west elevation by a small, gable peak and on the front elevation by a projecting bay with a
gable peak.
Rectangular, one-over-one windows are located on both floors of the addition, with the
exception of two-over-two windows in the projecting bay which connects the two wings of the
house. The addition is accessed at the front through a wooden door at the west end of the
verandah. A set of wooden steps leads to a door at the rear of the addition. A small one storey
addition is located on the east elevation of the building. A door on the east elevation, where it
meets the 1850s building, was once accessed up a set of step, but is no longer in use.
Chimneys are located at the rear of the building at the southeast corner of the building where it
meets the 1850s house.
5.2.1 Interior
The interior of the two-storey addition is in poor condition and was not accessed during the site
visit. The tenant currently uses the addition as a workshop and storage. Original features noted in
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the 2004 report remain intact, including: wood wainscot, chair rail, baseboards, and finely
planed and beaded second floor joists.
5.2.2 Basement
The siting of the two-storey addition takes advantage of the topography, allowing the basement
to be accessed from the exterior at ground level on the west elevation. The basement is
unfinished with a concrete floor. The beaded floor joists and stone foundation walls are visible
from the basement. A narrow set of stairs leads to a door (no longer used) in the two storey
addition. Although not presently visible, the 2004 report indicates that the basement has several
features consistent with a cellar kitchen including a large cooking hearth.
Figure 18: Two storey addition, side (west) elevation (CU, 2015)
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Figure 19: Addition, east elevation (CU, 2015)
Figure 20: Detail of foundation, rear elevation (CU, 2015)
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Figure 21: Basement entrance (CU, 2015)
Figure 22: Basement stairs to interior (CU, 2015)
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Figure 23: Basement interior (CU, 2015)
5.3 Cultural Landscape
The house is surrounded by a grassed lawn with several landscaped gardens. Numerous mature
deciduous and coniferous trees form a canopy above the property. The farmhouse is accessed
from Sideline 28 along a gravel laneway that runs in front of the house, curving northward.
Several mature spruce trees line the gravel laneway from the east of the house to the road.
All outbuildings related to the agricultural history of the property have been removed. A small
wooden shed (built in the 20th century), a well and a pump are all located at the rear of the
house.
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Figure 24: Tree-lined gravel laneway, facing east (CU, 2015)
Figure 25: Gravel laneway with greenhouse and gardens (CU, 2015)
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Figure 26: Rear of house with round wellhead and pump (CU, 2015)
5.4 Archaeological Resources
Although the archaeological potential of the general area in and around the property is well
documented32 the archaeological potential of the property, itself, will be addressed in this
section.
Archaeological potential determination is based on a number of factors related to the
attractiveness of a site for either temporary or permanent human occupation. Archaeological
features that are considered when determining potential are generally related to basic
necessities of survival (e.g., proximity to water), access to transportation (e.g., historic
transportation routes, trails, and navigable watercourses), or access to resources (e.g., raw
materials for tool making or construction, or food resources).
The Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport lists in its 2010 Standards and Guidelines for
Consultant Archaeologists33 a series of features that are considered, in Ontario, to be related to
archaeological potential, or removal of archaeological potential as summarised in Table 1.
32 See Hough Stansbury Woodland Naylor Dance Limited et. al., 1994 and Scheinman, 2004 for an overview of archaeological research in the area.
33 Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. Standards and Guideline for Consultant Archaeologists.
2011: 17-18.
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Table 1: Factors Indicating Archaeological Potential or Lack of Archaeological Potential
Archaeological Feature 3250 Sideline 28 (y/n)
Previously identified archaeological sites Y
Water sources:
Primary water sources (lakes, rivers, streams, creeks) N
Secondary water sources (intermittent streams, creeks,
marshes) N
Features indicating past water sources (e.g., glacial lake
shorelines, relic river or stream channels) N
Accessible or inaccessible shoreline N
Elevated topography (e.g. eskers, drumlins, plateau) Y
Pockets of well-drained sandy soil, especially near areas of heavy
soil or rocky ground Not assessed
Distinctive land formations that might have been special or
spiritual places such as waterfalls, rock outcrops, caverns, mounds
and promontories and their bases.
N
Resource areas:
Food or medicinal plants Not assessed
Scarce raw materials N
Early Euro-Canadian industry (e.g., fur trade, logging, prospecting, mining) N
Areas of early Euro-Canadian settlement Y
Early historical transportation routes Y
Property listed on a municipal register or designated under the
Ontario Heritage Act or that is a federal, provincial or municipal
historic landmark or site
Y
Property that local histories or informants have identified with
possible archaeological sites, historical events, activities, or occupants N
Archaeological potential can be determined not to be present if the site has been subject to modern extensive and deep land
alterations such as: quarrying; sewage and infrastructure
development; building footprints; or major landscaping involving
grading.
N
Based on a review of these factors, the property at 3250 Sideline 28 exhibits archaeological
potential.
6 Contextual Background
3250 Sideline 28 is located east of the hamlet of Whitevale, on the west side of Sideline 28, north
of Whitevale Road. The property is surrounded by agricultural lands, including 19th and 20th
century farmsteads. The agricultural fields surrounding the property are associated with the
farmstead, which was owned and operated by the Turner family until 1954. No agricultural
outbuildings remain.
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The William Turner House is located within the Whitevale Heritage Conservation District, which
was designated by the City of Pickering in 1993 under Part V of the OHA (By-law 4074-92). The
character of the HCD is described as follows:
The hamlet of Whitevale is located in a scenic river valley along the banks of
West Duffins Creek in the City of Pickering. Dominated by its rural setting and
modest vernacular buildings, the hamlet has not changed significantly in
character since the late nineteenth century. It had a small but thriving
industrial centre until the 1870's, when a disastrous fire effectively destroyed
most of the mill buildings except for the feed mill. With the depopulation of
rural Ontario during the late 1800s and early 1900s Whitevale's role as a small
service centre for the local farming community waned, resulting in the
complete disappearance of its commercial enterprises on Main Street with
the exception of the general store and the mill.
The building style in Whitevale is a mixture of typical rural Ontario vernacular
architecture combined with Victorian influences and materials in common
usage at the time of construction. The result is a distinctive cohesiveness of
scale, mass, decorative detailing and building materials. Although many
individual buildings and properties have been altered over the decades, the
overall nineteenth century village character has been retained.
Most of the existing nineteenth century buildings have wood frame structures,
and siding ranging from clapboard, shiplap to vertical board and batten. The
majority of structures are one-and-a-half-storeys in height with a three bay
front facade and centre gable.
The rural character of Whitevale, with its narrow tree-lined streets, scenic
views over the surrounding agricultural lands and the West Duffins Creek and
its steep river valley, provides a distinctive context and setting for its buildings.
The community has a rich and diverse character within a relatively small
area. Archaeological remains located in and around Whitevale attest to its
enduring attractiveness as a settlement area.34
The William Turner House is listed as a “heritage building” in the HCD inventory of properties. It is
one of a number of Ontario Cottage-style houses, but an early example. It contributes to the
understanding of the district and the mid-19th century development of Whitevale.
34 City of Pickering. Whitevale Heritage Conservation District Guide, 2013: 5.
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7 Heritage Evaluation
The property and associated resources have been evaluated for Cultural Heritage Value or
Interest (CHVI) under Ontario Regulation 9/06 Criteria for Determining Cultural Heritage Value or
Interest under the Ontario Heritage Act. A summary of the evaluation based on the criteria is
presented in Tables 2, 3 and 4 below.
7.1 Design or Physical Value
The one-and-a-half-storey frame house is a good example of the mid-19th century design type
known as the Ontario Cottage. The three-bay façade, central entrance with flanking sidelights
and transom, side-gable roof with central gable, and returned eaves are all features of the type.
The original house and c.1880s addition form an excellent example of the exploitation of natural
topography in vernacular design; this is reflected in the use of siting to create a walk-out cellar
kitchen at ground level on the west elevation of the addition, as well as the siting of the 1850s
building to create a grand, raised front entrance and a simple, rear kitchen door at grade.
This is one of the earlier examples of an Ontario Cottage in the area and retains a high level of
interior detailing.
Table 2 - Evaluation of the Cultural Heritage Value or Interest of 3250 Sideline 28 as Per O.Reg. 9/06 Criteria 1. i., ii., and iii
O.Reg. 9/06 Criteria Criteria Met (y/n) Justification
1. The property has design
value or physical value because it,
i. is a rare, unique,
representative or early
example of a style,
type, expression,
material, or
construction method,
Y
The one-and-a-half-storey frame farmhouse at 3250 Sideline 28 is an early and representative
example of Ontario Cottage style in the area.
The house exhibits a number of features which
are characteristic of the style, including: its three-bay façade with central door and gable
peak.
It is also an excellent example of the use of
natural topography in vernacular design.
ii. displays a high degree
of craftsmanship or artistic merit, or N The building does not display a high degree of craftsmanship or artistic merit.
iii. demonstrates a high degree of technical or
scientific achievement.
N The building does not demonstrate a high
degree of technical or scientific achievement.
The property at 3250 Sideline 28 meets the criteria for design or physical value under O.Reg.
9/06.
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7.2 Historic/Associative Value
The property at 3250 Sideline 28 is associated with the early settlement and agricultural history of
the area. The property was actively farmed since before 1851. The farmhouse was constructed
by William Turner between 1851 and 1861 to replace an earlier log home. Turner was an
important figure in the early development of the community: he and his wife Abigail were early
settlers and farmers in the Whitevale area, and Turner was also a Baptist preacher who was very
active in the establishment of the Baptist church in the north part of Pickering Township. The
frame addition was likely built by Turner`s son John, who took over the property. The verandah
may also have been added by the Turners. The farmhouse and property remained in the Turner
family until 1954.
3250 Sideline 28 also exhibits archaeological potential, given its proximity to a number of
archaeological features outlined in the Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sports Standards
and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists,35 including: elevated topography, known pre-
contact and Euro-Canadian archaeological sites, an early historical transportation route, and as
a property listed on the Municipal Heritage Register (2008) and designated under Part V of the
Ontario Heritage Act. The property has also not undergone any recent or extensive ground
disturbances which might indicate the removal of archaeological potential. As a result, the
property has the potential to yield information that contributes to an understanding of a
community or culture.
Table 3 - Evaluation of the Cultural Heritage Value or Interest of 3250 Sideline 28 as Per O.Reg. 9/06 Criteria 2. i., ii., and iii
O.Reg. 9/06 Criteria Criteria Met (y/n) Justification
2. The property has historical value or associative value
because it,
i. has direct associations
with a theme, event, belief, person, activity,
organization or
institution that is significant to a community,
Y
The property is directly associated with the
early settlement and agricultural history of the
area.
The farmhouse was constructed by William Turner between 1851 and 1861. Turner was an
early settler and farmer as well as a Baptist
preacher active in the establishment of the Baptist Church in the north of Pickering.
The addition was likely built by Turner`s son
John, and the farm was owned and operated
by the Turner family until 1954.
35 Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. Standards and Guideline for Consultant Archaeologists.
2011: 17-18.
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O.Reg. 9/06 Criteria Criteria Met (y/n) Justification
ii. yields, or has the
potential to yield information that contributes to an
understanding of a
community or culture, or
Y
Given that the property surrounding the
farmhouse has not been recently and significantly altered, it has the potential to yield
information that contributes to the
understanding of the community or a pre-
contact culture.
iii. demonstrates or
reflects the work or
ideas of an architect,
artist, builder, designer
or theorist who is significant to a
community.
N Designer or builder unknown.
The property at 3250 Sideline 28 meets the criteria for historical or associative value under O.Reg.
9/06.
7.3 Contextual Value
Located east of the hamlet of Whitevale, on the south side of Whitevale Road just east of
Sideline 24, the property is a contributing element of the 19th century agricultural landscape
along Whitevale Road corridor, which leads into the Whitevale HCD. The property is surrounded
by agricultural lands, including 19th and 20th century farmsteads to the east and west and on the
opposite side of Whitevale Road.
The agricultural fields surrounding the property, in particular, were historically associated with the
farmhouse, although the farm is no longer active and all of the agricultural outbuildings have
been removed.
This is an early and representative example of the Ontario Cottage style which characterizes the
Whitevale HCD.
Table 4 - Evaluation of the Cultural Heritage Value or Interest of 3250 Sideline 28 as Per O.Reg. 9/06 Criteria 3. i., ii., and iii
O.Reg. 9/06 Criteria Criteria Met (y/n) Justification
3. The property has
contextual value because
it,
i. is important in
defining, maintaining or supporting the
character of an area,
Y
As an early and representative example of the
Ontario Cottage style, the property is a contributing element of the 19th century
landscape of the Whitevale HCD.
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O.Reg. 9/06 Criteria Criteria Met (y/n) Justification
ii. is physically,
functionally, visually or historically linked to its surroundings, or
Y
The property is historically linked to the
agricultural landscape of the adjacent property.
iii. is a landmark. N 3250 Sideline 28 is not a landmark.
The property at 3250 Sideline 28 meets the criteria for contextual value under O.Reg. 9/06.
7.4 Statement of Significance
7.4.1 Description of Property
3250 Sideline 28, Pickering, Ontario is located east of the hamlet of Whitevale, on the west side
of Sideline 28, north of Whitevale Road. It is an irregularly shaped parcel, 0.82 hectares (2.03
acres) in area, comprising part of Lot 29, Concession V, Pickering Township, in the City of
Pickering, Ontario (Figure 1). The property is surrounded by agricultural lands.
The main built resource on the property is a one-and-a-half-storey frame farmhouse built in the
Ontario Cottage style with a two-storey, frame addition extending from the northwest corner.
The original farmhouse was built between 1851 and 1861; the addition was likely built in the
1880s. The house is surrounded by a grassed lawn and gardens with a canopy formed by
numerous coniferous and deciduous trees. A gravel laneway lined with mature spruce trees
leads from the road to the house. A wooden shed and glass greenhouse located on the
property do not contribute to the heritage value of the property.
The property is currently listed in the City of Pickering Municipal Heritage Register (2008) and is
included within the Whitevale Heritage Conservation District, which is designated under Part V of
the Ontario Heritage Act (By-law 4074-92, 1993).
The property is owned the Province of Ontario and managed by Ontario Infrastructure and
Lands Corporation.
7.4.2 Statement of Cultural Heritage Value
The one-and-a-half-storey frame house is an early and representative example of the mid-19th
century design type known as the Ontario cottage. The Georgian-style, three-bay façade and
central entrance with flanking sidelights and transom, the side-gable roof with its central gable,
and the returned eaves are all features of the type. This is one of the earlier examples of an
Ontario cottage in the Whitevale area and retains a high level of interior detailing.
The house, with its two-storey addition, provide an excellent example of the exploitation of the
natural topography in vernacular design.
The property is associated with the early settlement and agricultural history of the Whitevale
area. The farmhouse was built between 1851 and 1861 by William Turner, an important early
settler and farmer. Turner was a Baptist preacher who played a key role in the establishment of
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the Baptist church in the north part of Pickering Township. The addition was built c1880s, likely by
Turner`s son John, and the property stayed in the Turner family until 1954.
Given that the property surrounding the farmhouse has not been recently or significantly altered,
it has the potential to yield information that contributes to an understanding of the community
or a pre-contact culture.
As a farmhouse in the Ontario Cottage style, the property is important in maintaining the 19th-
century agricultural character of the Whitevale HCD and especially the Whitevale Road corridor
within the HCD. It is historically linked to agricultural landscape of the adjacent property, as they
were both part of the Turner farm for 100 years.
7.4.3 Heritage Attributes The heritage attribute essential to the cultural heritage value of the property is the one-and-a-
half-storey, frame house and its two-storey addition.
Key elements of the house include:
• its scale and proportions;
• the three-bay façade comprising a central entrance flanked by symmetrical windows
and topped by a centre gable with window;
• its low-pitched, gable roof with moulded frieze and eaves returns;
• Its sweeping front verandah;
• its granite, fieldstone foundation;
• its central entrance, with wide, central door with ringer, multi-paned transom and
sidelights;
• the wide, one-over-one sash windows with multi-paned sash sidelights flanking the front
entrance;
• its narrow clapboard siding;
• Its interior heritage elements throughout, including: ornate metal grates; baseboards;
door and window casings; wooden staircases and balustrades, in particular the turned
posts and newels, railings, banisters, and beaded detailing of the front staircase;
• The two-storey addition, including its scale and volume; its gabled, projecting bay and
gabled roofline; and its siting within the natural topography.
Key elements of the property as a whole include:
• the generous setback from the road;
• the curving, graveled drive lined with trees; and
• the well and pump at the rear of the house.
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8 Recommendations
As outlined in Section 5 of this report, the property at 3250 Sideline 28 meets the criteria for
determining cultural heritage value or interest under Ontario Regulation 9/06; specifically criteria
1.i, 2.i, 2.ii, 3.i., and 3.ii. While the property remains in Crown ownership, the municipality should
consider updating the property listing on the Pickering Heritage Registry to include the
Statement of Significance. The results of this evaluation should be shared with the province,
along with a request that the property be managed in compliance with the Standards &
Guidelines for Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties.
If the property passes out of Crown ownership, the municipality should consider individual
designation of the property under S. 29 OHA. As a matter of policy, the municipality may decide
not to include interior features in any Part IV designation.
As outlined above, the property exhibits archaeological potential. Future cultural heritage policy
decisions regarding this property should consider this potential for previously undiscovered
archaeological sites or resources and a Stages 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessment should be
carried out by a licenced professional archaeologist prior to any below-grade construction
activities.
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9 Sources
Archives of Ontario
Registrations of Births and Stillbirths – 1869-1911: Series MS929; Reel 78.
Registrations of Marriages: Series: MS932; Reel: 25, index-only record.
Registrations of Ontario Deaths, 1869-1938. Series: MS935; Reel: 55; Page 183.
Bray Heritage, Seaton Neighbourhood Planning Background Report: Whitevale Road Heritage
Corridor Review, Report prepared for the City of Pickering, May 2010.
Contentworks, Thematic Study and Phase I Evaluation of ORC Properties in Pickering. Report
prepared for the Ontario Realty Corporation, March 2009.
---, Phase II Evaluation of Residences on Whitevale Road, Pickering. Report prepared for the
Ontario Realty Corporation, March 2009.
Hough Stansbury Woodland Naylor Dance Limited – Prime Consultants, D.R. Poulton & Associates
– Archaeological Assessments and Excavations, André Scheinman – Heritage Preservation
Consultant, Seaton Cultural Heritage Resources Assessment: Technical Appendix. Report
Prepared for the Seaton Interim Planning Team (Ontario Ministry of Housing), July 1994. Accessed
online at http://www.pada.ca/books/details/?id=2023&keywords=vardon.
J.H. Beers &. Co., Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Ontario, Ont., J.H., Beers & Co.:
Toronto, 1877.
Library and Archives Canada
1851, Nominal Census of 1851, Canada East, Canada West, New Brunswick, and Nova
Scotia; Pickering Township, Ontario County, Canada West; Schedule A: Roll C11742.
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1851, Agricultural Census of 1851, Canada East, Canada West, New Brunswick, and Nova
Scotia; Pickering Township, Ontario County, Canada West; Schedule B: Roll C11742. Page
277-279, lines 8-9.
1861, Census of 1861 (Canada East, Canada West, Prince Edward Island, New Brunswick
and Nova Scotia); Roll C-1057; Schedule A; p. 122; lines 7-12.
1871, Census of 1871; Roll C-9973; page 80.
1881, Census of 1881; Roll C-13244; page 75; lines 6-9.
Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. Standards & Guidelines for Conservation of Provincial
Heritage Properties. April, 2010.
---. Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. 2011.
Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c.0.18.
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Pickering-Ajax Digital Archives. 2003. Accessed online at http://www.pada.ca/.
Pickering Women’s Institutes, Tweedsmuir History, Pickering Women’s Institute: Pickering,[1966]:21
accessed online August, 2015 at
http://www.pada.ca/books/page/?pageid=369&keywords=isabella+hill.
Scheinman, André. Seaton Built Heritage Assessment, Report prepared for the North Pickering
Land Exchange Team, Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing, November 2004.
Unterman McPhail Heritage Resource Consultants, The Hamlet of Whitevale, Heritage
Conservation District Study, Background Report. Report prepared for the City of Pickering,
August 1989.
Wood, William. Past years in Pickering From Pickering collection ‘sketches of the history of the
community’. Claremont Ontario, 1911. Accessed online at
http://archive.org/stream/pastyearsinpicke00wooduoft/pastyearsinpicke00wooduoft_djvu.txt.