HomeMy WebLinkAboutPW 09/99�O��OFp� � 23
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REPORT TO COUNCIL
PROM: Richard Holbom DATF: Murch 15, 1999
Dircctor of Public Works
Bruca Tuylor
1'own Clcrk
REPORTNUMDER: PW-09-99
SUIIJECT: Termite Control
RECOMMENDAT[ON:
Thnt Council receive Report PW-09-99, and adapt the termite control stmlegy desrrilr:J licrein,
nnd thnl u grnnt bc madc to the Urban Enlomology Progrnm at thc Univcrsity of Toronto in 1999
and 2000 in the amounls of 516,016.00 anJ S12,496.00 rcspectively; and thal ihese g�nls be
ullocnted in nccount ? 195 (Grnnls to Organimlions and Individuals).
ORIGIN:
Dclegation to Council by aren rcsidcnis of November 2, 199R.
Request from CAO.
AUTHORITY:
For ihc grnnts; T'he Ahu�lcipu! Acl, R.S.O, 1990, c. M.45, S. 113 ( I).
�1NANCIAL IMPLICATIONS:
To put into effect the progrnm rccommcnded by Dr. Timothy Mylcs, thc following Grnnts must
bc mnda lo thc Urban Entomology Progmm ut thc University of Toronto.
SI6,OIG.00 in 1999
b 12,496.00 in 2000
Thesc amounts havc 6een included in thc Town's 1999 Currcnt Budget, Account 2195, Grnnts ta
Organiwtions nnd Individuals.
EXECU7'!VE SUMMARY:
Tertnite colonies fecd on thc cellulosc which binds wood celis togethcr, and havc thc potentinl to
cnuse significnnt damagc to wood frnmcd buildings. A tertnitc infestation in Pickcring which
first bccumc apparcnt in 1987, rcmains activc toduy and is a causc for conccm to rcsidcros in thc
nrcn boundcd by Mald�n Crcsccnt, Flcnsall Court and Dowlcr Drivc. A tcm�itc colony
suppression and elimination tcchnique kno�m as 7'fR (Trnp, Trcat and Rclense) has becn
`�7�eport to Council GM 01-�9 Dnte: 02/22/99
Subiect: Tertnite Cuntrol Z
recently devclopcd by Dr. Timothy Mylcs at tha University of Toronto, and hns undcrgonc
cxtensivc trinls ovcr the past five ycurs. Thc tcchniquc is enviranmcntnlly bcnign, unlikc
tradilionnl chcmical cxtermination, and recent field studies in Toronto hnvc shown that thc entirc
colony can bc climinuted through this icchniquc. Thc To�m hns a uniquc opportunity to
approach this issuc in u pro-activc manner in the inleresls of lhe comnwnity ns a wholc, by
partncring with thc Universily in conducting a control program with thc spccific goal of
climinnting !he colony over ihe next two ycars.
E3ACKGROUND:
In 1987, Ihe Town becume aware of n Tcrmite infcstation in the arca bounded by Maldcn
Crescent, Hensall Covrt nn�l Dowlcr Drive, nnJ pnssed by-law 2G1G/87 on November IG, 1987,
which provided for u tcrmitc control progmm. Thc program nl Ihal timc consistcd of promating
chemicnl extennination on individunl properties, anJ distributing grants provided through Ihc
Ministry of Cnvironmcnt to ntTectcd homcoancrs in orJcr to offsct somc of thc wst of chcmical
conlrols and building repair. The Ministry sun�eyed the urea in 1989 and canlirmed the presence
of termites activcly fornging in and aroimd n scrics of d�sellings on Malden Crescent. Dcspitc
ongoing pest coNrol cflbrts by homco��•ncrs in this arca, thc colony hus persistcd, and cviJencc
of activc fornging and rcsulting damagc to a homc on MalJcn Cresccnt was obscrved by'fo�vn
building inspcctors in thc fnll ol' 1998.
Conventionnl chemical pest cunlrol melhods can be ellccti��e in controlling termites on a
parlicular property, but gencrnlly have li!tle cftccl on thc lxlow �round colony ilsclf, �ehich can
consist of millions of tcrmiles, Any ongoing slmtegy �ehich cmploys chcmicul controls by
inJividuul humco«�ncrs as thc principal npprcach ��•ill not climinalc Ihc prohlcm, prcvenl futurc
recurrences nor necessarily kcep the colony from sprcading to surrounding propertics.
Thc infcstntion in Pickcring nppears to hc Iocali�xJ and isolateJ, imd, although it has persisled
for over a Jecnde, appcars still to bc rclativcly conlained at present. If nal dcalt with in a
comprchcnsive manncr, ho��•ever, the colony has the polenlial to sprcad and uffect u much lurger
urca of Ihc communiry, nnd becomc a much more sibnilicanl issuc for thc'I'own. This has bccn
thc expericnc: in 7'oronto nnd Guclph. '17ic pro��incial grant program has sir,cc bccn
discontinued, and funding is no longcr a��ailablc to Ihc Town or homco��mcrs to nddress Ihis
problem.
RECOMbfGNDGD TCRMITE CONTROL 1'ROGRAM:
A comprchensivc stratcgy which is intended to coNrol anJ craJicntc tcrmitcs must includc:
I. Housekceping activilics by property owners, lo removc arcas of wood•soil contact nt
buildings, and climinate polentinl feeding sites in ynrds;
2. Conventionnl chemical treatments by homcowncrs as a wntrol mcasure for spccific
buildings, nnd
3. Direct suppression and eliminntion of the colony ilself.
Although Ihe first two activitics nrc in practical tcrms thc responsibiliry of homcowncrs in Ihc
nren, the actual suppression nnd eliminalion of thc colony can only be put into effcct by Ihc
Town. It is thcrefore recommended that thc To�m fund a suppression progrum, \VII�CH 1VIII IlAVc
a real and Insting bcncfit to thc communiry ns n wholc, rnthcr Ihnn compclling inJividual oarocrs
to curry out ongoing chemicul trcalments and providiug grants to ol�sct privatc trcntments.
Onc of thc most respected tcrmite entomologists in North Amcrica, Dr. Timnthy Myles, Dircctor
of the Urban Entomolagy Program al thc Univcrsily of Toronlo, is curccully cnrrying out
pmcticul rescnrch in tcrmitc control. Sponsorship from municipulilics is thc principul sourcc of
funding for this progrum, and conlrol programs arc cumnAy hcing cnrricd out far thc Cily nf
Toronto anJ Guclph. Dr. Mylcs hns revicwcu thc particular� of thc currcnt infcstntion in tlic
Report to Council dM O1-99
Datc; 02/22/99 2 Jr
Su6iect: Tcnnite Control 1 3
To�m with the Chief Ouilding Official, anJ has proposed a p�5ri for Pickcring, which incluJcs thc
explicit o6jective of complelely emdicnting Ihc colony. Dq�uils of his commenmry, thc '('fR
progrum, his specific rccommendations and summary of costi ;{ rc attacheJ.
Thc wsts far this progmm nrisc principnlly from ihe stnkiup;, lmpping, relcasing und relutcd
Inbomlory nctivites which will bc cnrcied out by a teum of tcchnicinns from Dr. Myles ofiicc.
Thc totnl progrnm wsts represenls approximately $I50 for coch of the residentinl propertics in
the immediatc arca which ure considcred ut risk ut the present time.
'fermile Progrnm Cost Summary
1999 Z000
Tmpslmnpping/supplies/reponing 2000.00 800.00
Technicians (1 visit per week) 5760.00 4160.00
Vehicle cosls I800.00 . 1400.00
Principal [nvestigutoc SOOO.OD 5000.00
Universiry overheud 1456.00 I 136.00
Total coat� S16016.00 512496.V1C
As a part of lhe TTR program, property owners in thc nllccted nrca «�ould bc adviseJ of thc necd
for housekeeping anJ chemicnl control wherc necessary, until the colony is eliminu�ed. Thc
town's existing termite conlrol bylaw proviJes n mechanism to compcl properry owners to cnrry�
out specific termitc control mc�.sures on their pro�xrty, shoulJ Ihc necd arise. �y-law
enforcement is, howevcr, considercd usc(ul only ns a complemcntury mcchanism to hclp nssure
the success of the 7TR progrum in cradicating tlie tennite colony.
ATTACHMEN'I'S:
i. Location Mop
2, Dy-Iaw261G187
3. Lcltcr of Dec. 3, 199R from 'Pimolhy G. Mylcs, I)inctor, Urban I'sntmnology Program,
Universiry of'Poronto, conceming termite problem and recommenJalions.
4. Curricuhim Viluc of Dr. T�mothy 0. Myles,
5, "Taronto's war on lcmiitcs", Canudian Gcogrophic, Scptcmbcr/Octobcr 1997.
6. "Tcrmitc Tips", newslcucr of thc Urban F.ntomology 1'ragram, Novcmbcr 1 �94.
7. City of Guclph, Spreud of Icrmites 1975-1997.
Preparcd Dy: Approved / Gndorscd Dy:
Tim M ore , Chief Duilding Official Ricl olbom, Director o ublic Works
Brucc Tnylor, Town Clcrk
TJM:tm:
Copy, T, J. Quinn, Chief Administrative Oflicer
G. Puterson, Direclor of Pinancc
Rccommcnded far the consideration of Pickering
Town Council
. y�`�/6 9
I' omns J, Qui , Chief dministm Officet
� LEGEND
KNOI%N /NFESTAT/ONS
� TRAP—TREAT—RELEASE (TTR) AREA
� PROPOSED STAKING AREA
TO11N OF PICKERINO TERMITE REPORT
waic �aro:s arNnucxr
,.,, 80WLER DRIVE AND MALDEN CRESCENT
scuc i:+000 - rca iu�o
i
, �' .
2 `l.
THE CORPORATION OF TNE TONN OF PICNERING
BY-LAN NUMDER zela /B7
Be1ng a by-laN to provide for termitc control
Nhereas pursuant to subsecttons 173 and 114 of the Munlclpal Act, R.S.O,
1980, c. 302, as amended, by-laws may be passed by the cauncils of tacal
municipalities to provide for termite control;
Now Therefore the Councll of the Corporation of the Town of Pickering
hereby enacts as follows:
1. In this by-law
a) "residential building" means
(i) a building used solely for human habitatlon including
any attached accessory use, or
(11) any butiding not exceeding three stories 1n height
containing at least one dwe111ng unit;
b) "�welling unit" means a suite of tNO or more rooms intended
for domestic use and so used by one or more individuals and
contalning caoking, sleeping and sanitary fac111ties;
c) "inspector" means a person deslgnated by the Council of the .
Corporation of the Town of Pickering to enforce the
provisions of thls by-law; �
d) "Town" means the Corporation of the Town of Plckering.
2. The person fran tlme to time holding the office of Chief Bullding
Inspector is hereby designated as an inspector ta enfarce the
provisions of thls by-law,
3. An lnspector may give to an owner of any building or structure
heretofore or hereafter erected notice in writing requiring that
the bullding or structure be made resistant to termites or other
wood destroying lnsects by treatment of the soil adjacent thereto
by a licensed pest or termlte exterminator 1n such manner and by
such means as is specifled in the notice, or requiring that the
building or structure be made resistant to termites or other
wood-destroying insects by any o'rher means speclfied in the notice,
and upon recelpt of such notice the owner shall forthNlth carry aut
the requtrement thereof.
4. No person shall erect a building in which Nood structural members
are used, unless the soil beloN the foundatfons and the lowest
floor nf the building and the soil adjacent to the foundatlon walis
artd supporting piers is first impregnated Nith a chemlcal toxic to
termits in such a manner that there is no subgrade access to the
building struct�re except Lhrough such chem1ca11y treated so11.
5, Nhere any soil, debris, wooden pole, tree, stump or other wooden or
cellulose material not being part of a building has become lnfested
with termites or other wocd-destroying insects an inspector may
glve to the owner of such soil, debrls, wooden pole, tree, stump or
other material, noEice in Nritlng certlfytng that such infestation
exists and requlring that the said soil debrls, wooden pole, tree,
stump or other material be removed and destroyed, and upon receipt
of such noilce the owner shall forthwith carry aut the requlrements
thereof.
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_ � 28
6, The Tovm may, upon appllcallon made to it for that purpose, pay to
ar on behalf of the owner of a resldentlai building a portlon of
the co�,t incurred hereafter by such owner in repalring damage done
tn �ach residentlal bullding by termltes or of rendering any
residenNal bu11d1ng heretofore erected resistant to termites, such
portlon being an amount fixed by the Town, not exceeding 50% of the
said cost.
7. 11e ToHn may, upon application made to it for t��+t Purpose, loan to
an owner of a residential building for purposes of being applled to
the cost incurred hereafter by such owner in repairing damage done
to such residential building by termites or other wood-destroying
insects or rendering any residentlal building heretofore erected
reslstant to termites or oCher aoad-destroying lnsects such portlon
being an amount fixed by the Town not exceeding the actual cost of
• such work less any amount paid by the To►m in respect thereof under
Sectlon 6,
8. Nhen an oHner intends to make an applicatlon pursuant to Sections 6
and 7 or either of them he shall do so by deliverin9 the same to
the Clerk and before the carrying out of the. work of repairing
damage• to the residentlal building by termites� or other
wood-destroying insects or of rendering the samc reslstant thereto,
the Clerk shall report thereon, with his recomnendatton to Council,
and the Council may in its dlscretlon grant or refuse any such
application or may grant the same sub,�ect to such terms and
conditions as the Council may prescribe.
9. Every person who contravenes any provision of this by-law is guilty
of an offence and upon convlction thereof is liable to a fine of
not more than 52,000.00, excluslve of costs.
By-law passed a first, second and third tlme and flnaily passed thls 16th
day of November, 1987
��� %.o ��j..,
yor
/
/, "%�e.�e�c /' ,�.
Clerk
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�' � .:,. � ' ; , ` . : .
' fACULTY OF � .
� FORE�STRY �
.�� .UN1�1/ERSITY
� �OF�TORONTO
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: ' � �i (¢� '� ' •
EaN Sdences Centie
33 Wilkockt SUee1
� Taonto, Onwlo
, Canada M5s3&7
• • Fvc416 97B•3834 .
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. . ,' .
' "• ' ' .. , URBAN ENTOMOLOOY PROORAM
� • . . . � . , . . � . . . . ' PMiw 116-0i68763
. Decembc 3 1996 ' �', , `� • .
r� .. I �i�; .il�;i�� jl';,; i• '�� . ,.
Mr. Tim Moora � ' ' ' '
. 1 I� � F,r.c �, .: ,�:;r� ;: . .
ChiefDuilding0�icial • • � '
Public Works Depertment �• •.• i l?Y h 11�;; I:i.;�:�i:.� ilh ��
•TownofPickcrinB : . ... r::...:.;a;r.i,�+wit,�:iu. ,
Pickcring Civic Complez. • � • : ' • , . '
Pickering, ON LiV 6K7 '. ' .
Dear Mr. Moore, . • � ; • ; '
I enjoyed mecting you and your assistant on Novembei 9 and having the .• , �
opportunity to show you the Termile Lab and discuss tlic tcrmite pioblem in •
Pickering. The acrinl maps of the infesled areu and the phologrophs that yau
provided ate most helpful in planning an area wi�e control strategy'. The . '
infestetion in Pickering appears to slill be quite smnll, conleined end therefora
should be relntively easy lo mnnaga Also, forlunalcly, the nrca is boundcd by .
the major• streets, Dixie Road, �inch Avenue, Liverpool Road and Glena�na •
Road end thesc should scrve os long tcrm physical bnrriers should tha ,'
lnfestatlon spread.�
At present, confirnicd nclivc infcslalions apparenlly arc known only nlong thc
east side of Maiden Crescencdnd on Ihe southwest side of Mulden Crescent on
tl�e comcr of Dowler. Gcoli Cuucn's report of )uly 22, 1988 indicated that the •
. infestations mt thc cast sidc of Mnlden Crescent wcrc known ten years ago but
� at thut time noC known from properties on thc west side of Maldcn Crescent or
on tl�e adjoining back sidc, on Flenspll. Tficreforc the colony docs appear to
' liavc sprcad since Aint timc across tiie strccl and it is also vcry likcly that Iha
termites hhvc by now sprcnd into lhe adjnccnt propertics on Hensell Court, and .
possibly also nlong Dowlcr. . • � ,
Termile colonies cnn casily spread at ihe ratc of el least IO.meters'per year if .'
they can find feeding and ncsting resources for'such expansion. Howeyer, if: • ' ,
accessible resources, and in pnrliculnr nesling resourccs such a; stumps, ara nob
aveilnbla in yards, qicn the termi(e foraging terrilory may not.expand at; all or , �
expansion will occur much.more slowly, .
In gencral, tlic residential urbnn environmenl tends to supply an e6undancc of •
lermite feeding and nesting resouroes. Such resource items ere lo�ated in yards ,'
� and in the stn�ctures themselves.. The Inndscaping ofyards is particularly
•,impoitant because termites usually first establish theinselves in the yard before ••.
finding access'to structures. Yard items,indude wood fence posts, deck
, supports, retaining walls, edging boards, stumps, sheds, do houses, compost' � '
. . .� , '. . . ,� .� ' .. . � RklMaiiOOxposltanwrorehsledwpn.
.. _ �. . � � . .
. - . . . . . � . � � � � � . . .
• ,$� �' boxes, plantcrs, bird fecder posts, sniid boxes, pnnlydcad ahrubs, vines, treea, ..
' firewood plles, scrnp lumbcr piles, cardbonrd boxes, woad ahede, wood chip •
� mulch, etc. Therofure, properties adjacent to known urcas of infestetion should
. • bo includcd in a tcrmllo mnnagement pinn end ihc owncrs of U�ese propedics •.
. should ba strongly encournged to eliminale, or clevate, all wood items in soii
contact. .
. �• Termite access to residential stn�ctures muy occur via 6uilding defects, buried
• ' , building rubblc, foundalion cracks and joinls, improperly-constNCted atair
' stringers, raised (lower beds and pluntcrs adjacent to walls, low clearance '
, batween grade level and tloorievel, etc. Rosidential slructuras wilhin the
• .' foreging area of termite colonies (by evidence of activity in their yards or by
', the fact that tliey are loceted between other known infesled properties, or ere �
. edjocant to them) should be chemicully Ireated as a remcdial or precautionary •
• measure, even if no infestnlion is dctecicd. Residents in such nreas should be
strongly urged, or possibly required under the municipal bylaw, to underteke
such tienlmcNs. . .
��• In addition to wood sanilation in yards and chemical barrier irealments af .
� structures, a third component of a termite control progrnm cnn'include efforts
, to directly suppress Uie Icrmitc colony: Colony suppression techniqucs are slill
new and undergoing continuous tesling and improvements. In my lab at Uie
' • Universiry of Toronto; over the last eisht years, we Imvc dcveloped a colony
• • suppression Icclmiquc called Trnp-Trcat-Rclease (TTR).
• This teclmiquc hus been extensivcly ficld tested on ovcr G00 propenies over ihe '
: last fivc years in �he Taronto sren. On nlmo�t all sites substantiel suppression is
. '. achieved in lhc first ycar. On most sites, two or more ycars of treatmcnts ere
rcquired before rcnching a 90� 100% suppression Ievel. On well over holf the •,
' sites we hnve nchieved u Icvel of control ub which there is no more termite trnp
'� • activiry or thc activity is so low nnd sporadic that the sitcs hnve been placcd on
' sclf monitoring. Totni cradicnlion Ims generally not becn our objectiva becausa '
' it wus impractical to ddimit thc infcslation throughout ihe ncighborhoods in '
' • which we worked. Re•invasion from adjacent orcas rcmains a rculistic •
• possibility on most of our test sites, which seriously confounds the
• ',. inlerpretation of lingcriny, low•Ievel, or sporaJic activily wilhin lest silcs. Does
this aclivity represent remnnnts of tha original populnlion that escaped wntrol
' or docs it indicele re-invasion Gdm ndjacent untrcnted tcrmil'c p,pulations7 In
� '., most such cases we suspcct rainvasion but wc ure unable to resolve this wilh
. certainty. ' , .
. Therefore, it would be of great interest ro me, from n research perspectiva, to,
.• ' undertake trials of thC 7"fR techniquc in more distunt, outlying localities wliera •
. . thc infestation is likely lo have startcd from a singlc iniroduclion point and not '
� yet spread fat Decauso of its isolnlion end relatively smnll size, the infeslation ,
in Pickering would provide such a test site. In Pickering we could proceed with
• the explicit objeclive of achieving totel eradication, Any lingcring Ievcl of
termite activiry following control treatments could not be altributed lo ra
invasion. Control elTorts (saniialior, treatmenis, monitoring) would not cease
' ,� � • until all traps exhibit �nectiviry for a considerable period—preferably arcentirc
� • � � �. ' . . ' ' ��PrinieJon1007Fpost<ansunKrrery<kJ�.�per
. .S, . . . .. � . . .
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� • season.• • . . . ' • . 31
',. .. � Wilh this'objecdve, it would be necessary (o conduct yard surveya and install .
.' . moniloring stnkes ovcr a fairly wida arcn in iha ncighborhood to cnsure lhal lha
,' ' extent ofthe infestntiomis (Ully.deiimited at Ihe oulset. I hava provided en'
.. • � attached sketch of thc erqa thet I ihink' would bc approprialo for yard surveya I
• '. � and slaking, • Hopefully, most of this area will prove to ba tcrmite-free, but it
.• would not 6e too surprising to find thet the termites hava spread out in this
• area, in whicli cnse, we would lhen decide to expand the yard survey area even
. . � fadher. It is important thnt we have a surveyed perimetcr nrea that is shown to
bo tetmitedrce.. • '
' . As you knmv, we havejust complcted a similar survey study of the tcrmite
' infested erea for the Ciry of Guelpli. In Guclph we wcre nble to do tfiis et the
� end of the season, in September and Ociober, when Ihe surface workings of the
�, termiles were at their maximnl extent far ihe year. Howevcr, assuming tBat we
commence the Pickering project nest spring (May) we can stort wilh the slnking
� ' and then we should wait at Ieast a monlh or two (Inte June or luly) to do the '
�' yard inspeclions, so thet termites will have had time ro establish their surface
� � workings. We will inslall trnps as early as possible to allow tcrmites to have thb
.' maximum time to locate Ihe traps. My present bcst hunch is that lraps should
• , initially bc installcJ on both sides of Mniden Cresccnt nnd fvr a short dislance .
• along Bowlcr. Morc irnps can be installed Imcr if dw survey shows that
. termites are more widespread.
' Thc nr.ea-widc slnking, yard monitoring, trap instnllation and Trnp-Trcnt•
Relense treatmcnts would bc done from �1�y Ihrough Octobcr (6 months). At
. the beginning of ihe senson we would hnvc lo distribute n Icltcr to all residrnts
in the urea explaining Ihat ynrds would bc slaked,,inspcctcd, mappcd, and treps
. instnlled in thc wrc aren nlong Mnlden Cresccnt and Dowlcr. Residents in tha
• � core erea would nlso hava to sign on nulhorization form giving consent to
conduct the TTR ireatments. A tenm of iwo icchnicians would initiolly speod
about two wecks doing ihc stnlcing and inspeclions, mapping, and Irap
insinllation, ThcrcaQcr, Ihcy would visit Pickcring and chcck all thc Iraps ona .
•� day each weck throughout this period, • • �
. • pud ,eG, lina '
Thc wst of labour is Ihc most significant component. I havc found that it is
� best lo use two-mnn lcams with onc vchicie, Assuming an liaurly wage for
technicians of SIO.00Ihr foc 8 hours per day, technicians cost 580.00/day,
' Celculating on tlie basis of two wceks for initial inslnllation followed by one,
' '. • visit per week for the remoinder oCthc scason (seven monlhs) = 52,880.00/
• ' technician; 52,880.00 X 2 tcchnicions = 55,760.00. Scvcn monlhs is arcived at .
'.�� by assuming 2 wecks for trnining, 6 monlh field season from MayOctober, end
2 weck for final tebulslion and summary of data. '
• Vehicle rental and insurence is about S1,100/mo, and parking about SI50/mo. .
' and ges I estimale at about S200/mo Thus total vehicle axpenses are '
51,500/30 days = 550.00/dey. In the first year there would be 36 daily visils =
, . � � .. � .. . . . .. ' � . ' �PrimrlonlDD76poslcauumerrceyclpJWlxr ..
i
. � �. ,
. . 32
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SI,800.00 and in tlic �ccond ycnr 28 dnily visits = S1,400.00, .
If wa instull t�aps on bolh sides of Malden Crescent , and a fcw along Dow:er •
Ihat would appcar lo bc about 30 properties, each will� 8 traps or 240 trepa.
Traps era about 55.00 npicce; 240 X 5= S 1200.00. Rolls nced lo be repluced
about onca a monlli nt a cost of S.25 npicca = 240 X 6 X 0.25 = S�60,00. I can .
' not make a precise count from the ncrinl photos, but estimeting the hatched area
to encompass about 200 propertics (meny semidelached), and assuming three
slakes per property lhel would be 600 slekes et q cost uf about 50.10 epicce =
S60.00. Plastic boxes, lreatment trnys, mapping, photocopying end
misccllencous supplies for producing ihe final report would add S300 bringing
the cost oFTrnps/rollslstakes/mnpping and reporting to S2,OOO,UO in the first
. year. This would drop by Ihe cost of the traps to 5800.00 in ihe second ycar.
Treps/mapping/supplics/nmmnl report 52,000.00
' Technicians (2) inslnll & visit once pnr week E5,760.00
Vehicle, insurnnce, parking R gas 51,800.00 .
fec for Principal Invcstigator 55,000,00 .
Sublatal S14,SGO.W •
� Univcrsity ovcnc�ad (10%) ' �g};6t8;Op $1� 4S(�. ov
TotnlYenrl SI6;1-78:00 �Ib��lb•ov
Supplics/nnnu�l rcport • 5800.00
' Tcchnicimis (�) visit oncc per weck 54,160.00
Vchicic, insurnncc, pnrking R gas S1,400.00
fcc for Principul Invesligntor � 55,000.00
Subtotal S 11,360.00
� Univcrsityovcnc�ad(10%) -S-t'262:00 $1� ���'00
Tolal Ycur 2 —517,b22:00� �' i�.� ¢�jb. o0
Tolal Ycnrs 1+2 S28;B00:00�28i SI?-•�'�
As a comparison, chemicnl trcatment with soil lerntilicides usually costs around
SI,500.00 per properry, so Ihc proposcd projcct woulJ cost approximatcly the
smnc as having 20 propatics clwiiiicnlly IrcntcJ. Anulhcr �eay of looking at thc
cost is tlwt it is npproximately equal to SI50.00 npiccc far cach of tlie cstimated •
200 properlics in Ihc survcycd nren, which arc considercd "at risk". TTR .
actuaqy kills ihe tcrmitcs whercas soil Icrmilicides kill fcw Icrmilcs and are
intended primnrily to establish a chcmical barricr. Chcmical barriers are simply
a slructure-specific conlrol appronch �vhereas 7"fR is a comrol strategy for
area-wide or municipnl-Icvcl conlrol.
Dnscd on our prcvious expericncc, and Ihe limitcd extent of ihc Pickering
infestntian,l am confident tlint cradicnlian is fcasible in Ihis case. . Allhough this .
may seem like n high price to pny nl lhisjunclure, in Ihe long run ihis
expenditurc now will likcly snvc Pickcriug residents and the municipality from
much grentcr expciidiuires which would olherwise be neccssary if thc termites
continue to spread., AcCidcmal lrunsporlation around'the cily end Ihe •
appearance of new foci of infestnlion becomes more likely as the population
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� grows hnd apreada.latcrally. Now i� delinitcly the lima'lo eci while tha ��.
Infestation is atill smeli end canlinql tu f single eree.
• �. •
I hope these suggestions'eie elong tlie lines of whst ihe Town of Pickedng ii
: now contemplating for lermlle controL I think Ihis would be an e(Tective •
• strotegy for Pickering. 1 am certainly.upen to any alternetivc ideas or
' . approaches that you moy wish lo discuss. I look fonvard to hearing from you. •
. . ' Sinceroly, .. ' •
� . . �� �,�. . � � .
: , �mothy G. Myles, PhD . • ' . .
' Asst. Professor and Director, Urban Entomulogy Program �.
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35
,�(�i�s M! VITAE; TIMOTHYGEORGEMYLES
Cuatuu:rPOSmoN: Dircclor—UrbanEnlomologyProgram
BQQg�: Fecully of Forealry
Earld Sclences Centro
Univerdty o[ Toronto
33 Willcocka Strect
Toronto, Onlario MSS 303
Te�.eruor,rs: �4ie� ms�isz �re�ui�y)
(a1G) 97&57ss (otfiu)
(41G) 97&3834 (FAX)
(4IG) 97&2403 (lub)
(905) 877•9351(homo)
o-muil:l,myj� a�toronto.ca
Web Sile: hllp://wwwd:loronto.ca/foresl/Icrmite/ICtmite.htm
PuaSONnt.DnTn: DirlhJalc:20ctober1953
Dirthplaa: Reno, Nevade
Mari�al Stutus: married, lwo children
AGOV.Mir. Posrnot+s; Assistnnt Profcssor (2596)/Scnior Rcuarch Assaiotc July 94 • prcacnt
Assistant Pro(eswr (10°�)/Scnlor Reseuch Associate Apri192 - Junc 94
Assacinlc Mcmbcr, School of OraJualc SluJia, ]an. 92 • prucnt
AJjuncl Professor/ Research Associate, July 90 • present
Facully of Forulry, Univercity otToronto.
1'osl•Daloral Rcscarch Assaciele
Dcpartmc�t af 8ntomology, Univeniry of Arizona, Jan.90�lune 90
CrtossArroltriMerm Rcscnrch Aasaintc, Ccntro for Oialivcnily onJ Conscrvalion Diology,
Roynl Onlnrlo Muscum, Toronto,199G
EDUCn'noN; 1'h.D. Enlomology, Univereily of Arizona, Tucson 1988
MS, Entomology, Univerally of Hewail, Honolulu,1962
DA. Organismic Oiology, Univcraity of Colorado, Oouldcr,1975
. � Pa�VRIt1ENIP.ItPRISti Propriclorahips
U�Y Luccf VJro Enraprltu, lnc., Dcnvcr, Colorudo.1990•prescnt
Tinnirer Unlindlyd, Toronlo, Onlario.1994•pracnt.
'ntnats & D�ssr.iiTnnoN:
Mylcs, T.a,1988. Termilc social ewlulion. Ph.D, D�.uertation, Univ. Ariz., Tuaon, 327 pp.
Mylcs, T.0,198t StuJics of Ihc castc ayslem and casle mochanisms of Ihe Hewaiien forul tree
lcrmitc, Nrofennu connenu Snydtr 1922. Mesters Thcsis, Univ. Hawaii, Honolulu, 22G pp.
corvtiairt�n vioearnrts:
Myles, T. Ci.1990. Tmnilu oJQm IVutem Un!(rdSmta. 30 minulc, VHS. Live Insod Vidco
Enlerprista, lnc., Denver, Coloredo.
.iA��S�
Myles, T. 0,1997. Composlion for Treating loucla. US. Palrnl No. 5,67G,960 (issued Od.14,1997),
Mylea, T. 0,1997. Methal, Apparalus and Compcuitioa for Treating Inseda. US. Pelent No.
5,607,879. (issuc Jn(e: Mprch 11,1997).
' , �
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C.V. T. C. Mylc� Pqe 2
t�nucwnoru:
1. Strack, B. H. end T, 0. Myles, lu6mhled Ntw dislributton end hosl twrda far thc etloparailic fungw,
Tem�iflaria. Entomologiul New«
R Mylca T. Q, aubmillcd. Illuslraled key lo Norlh Amerfun lermilw (laoplara) based on soldier mendibla.
Pan•Paufic Hnlomologist.
3. Mytes, T. � and R.1.. Smilh. in press. Mclhod of dry•mounting insccl menJibica. Pan•PeciOc Enlomologiat.
4. Mylca, T. 0. submiUed. Alarm, aggregalion, and defense byRrticulifennuJlavfpu 1n reaponsa lo a aalurally
occurring isolate af A/t(adt�ium atbopllae. Mywlogia
5. SchcfGahn, R. H. N: Y. Su, end T. a. Mylu. in preu. Amltnmu amlckl, a new aublarrenean lermile
(Isoptcra: Tcrmilidae: Tcrmilinac) from Arobu. FlodJa Enlomologisla.
6. Canallo, E, and T. a. Mylca. in prcss. Iaoplera./n: Llorcnle,l,D., E.Conr�llcz Soriano, A.N. Oarela Aidrcic
R N. Papavcro (edsJ. Blod(vcrsidnd. Taxonomia v Dtoeco¢ralia dc Artr000dos de Mcxico• Nncia um
Svntcsis de w Conocimlenlo.Volume
T. hfylcs, T. �.1999. Rcvicw of aecondary rcprodudion in Iermitu (InseUa: Iwplera) with wmments on its
rolc in Icrmilc ewlogy anJ saclal �volution. Sociobiolo�, 33(1):1•87.
8. Mylca, T.O., �. H, Slrack, 0. Forschler.1998. D'utribulion and ebundancc ofAnfennop.rLrgaplca
(I lyphomyce�cs: Glcohnusloriales), an ocloparasitic fungus, on Ihc castcrn sublcrrancan lcrmitc in
Canada. ). Invtrl. Pelh.72.:132•137.
9. Mylca, T. (3.1998. In memorium: Franklin Chang.. Proacdings, Hawalian Entomological Saiely. 33: 9•12
10. Slrock, D. H. and T. Cf. Mylca.1997. Movemcnl of Rc!lntfittmiu Jlm4pu in rclatlon la soil Icrmpernlurc.
ProcceJingt of thc Enlomological Socicty o[ Ontario.128:13-17.
11. Mylcs, T, d,1997. Evaluation a( barium melabarole monohyclrale and 2•(thiayano-methyllhlo)
bcnzolhioazolc as polenlial bait Imicants or fceding inhibi�ors againtt subtcrrancan tcrmilu. Proc.
Ont. Entomol, Soc.128: 99•103.
1Z. Mylcs, T. 0.1997. Penclrabili�y of aomc Onlario cnnstrudion aggrcgalcs by Ihc eastcm wblcrrancan
Icrmilc (Iwplcra: RhinotcrmiliJne). Sociobiology.30(3); 277•7$B.
13. Mylca, T. 0.1997. Comparison of the penelrabilily of amoolh anJ cruslicJ aanJ by aublerrenean �ermilts
(Isoptcra, Rhinolctmilidac). Sociobiology. 30(3):295-30J.
14. Mylea, T. 0.1997. A acwnd apccies of Ihc drywoal lcrmilc gcnus Alarginl�rnnu (Isoplcra:
KalotcrmiliJuc). Tht Cnnadian Enlomologis1.129: 757•766.
I5. Mylu, T. 0.199G. Dovelopmenl and evaluallon of a Iranamluiblt coaling for tontrol of eublerrnnean
tcrmilcs. Sociabiology 28(7)373-457.
16. Myla, T, 0.1993, Ncw records o( Jry•wood lermile inlraludion, intcrccplion and ebirpalion in Onterio.
PraccJings of Ihc Onlnrio [ntomologlul Saicty.11b:77•63.
17. Mylca, T, G.1994, A new approach to �ublertenun lermile tolony conlrol. Proaedinga of Ihe 151h Annual
MeeUng of thc Conadian WiwJ Preservation Anociatian, i5: GI•79.
' 18. Hohn, P, D, onJ T, 0. Myl:s.1994. Rolu of rcproJudivity anJ caslc mimicry In Ihc primilivc dampwoal
lcrmtic genua Zootarmopau (IsoMcra: TcrmopslJac). Salobiology 24(J): J13�322.
19. Mylca, T, a,1994, Trnp�treal•rcleme prolacols and groomable coaQngs for uhra low loxiuly eublerrancan
Icrmilc colony tontrol. Praecdings of Ihe Envioronment anJ Entrgy Conferencc of Onterio. ll pp.
20. Mylcs, T, 0.1994. Uac of Jisalium ataborelc tctrahydrnlc to protcct aspcn wafcrboard Gom lcrmilcs.
Forut ProJucu Journal. 44(9): 3}36.
21. Myles, T, a., A. AbJnllay, enJ 1. Sisson.1994. 2lst antury termilo conlral. Put Coolrol Technology. 22(3);
G4-72 + 108.
22. Levin, D.O., D, Adachi, L,4 Willinms and T. 0, Mylu.1993. Host spcuficily end molecular c6arader'vation
of thr. entomoponvirus of Ihc Iesser migralory grasshopper, Meianopfut tangufnfpu.l. lnvert. Peth. G2:
?AI-247.
23. Myics, T.G„ A. Abclalluy, anJ ). Sisson.1993. Termite wlony tnntrol without raiJual pealiddcs.
ProacJing� Ontario Minulry of the Environment & Encrgy TecLnologyTrana(er Conkrona. p, 52 &
POSTAIG.
24. Mytes, T.�,1992. Dcvclopment of thc Ira�rlrcat•rcicasc Icchniquc for, csliciJc min3mizcd lermitc wlony
wnlrol. Projcd N5530. Praeedings Onurio Ministry o(Ihe Environmenl TcchnologyTransfor
Confercna.
15. Mylea, T,0.1992. Non-c6emical termite conUol. Conslrudion Canada. (July/Augusl).7; L1�18.
26. Mylea, T,G.1992, Dook rovicw-Fawta of Indfa, /ropftm (Temf(u) I�olunte 1, Proc. Enlomol. Soc. Wash.
94(3):389•340, '
27. Myles, T.O. and 1.IG Graca 1991. Hchavioral ecology of lhe eealcra sublerrenun termile In Ontario es s
..i, '
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Oaais of Control. Pracccdinge of lho TahnologyTnasfer Conferena, Nov.?'r2b.0aUrto Min.
Envlron., Vol. If, pp, 547•554.
28, Mylea, T.Q.1990. CopfWUmu cmrnu Ping preoccupled hy C uptrur Snyder ronsmod G pingl (I�oplua:
R6tndcrmitldao). Proc. Ea(omol. Soe. \Vee6. 92(4); 813.
29. Mylea, T.�. aad R.I., Sm11h.1990. Caele•eptatic palterat of eensory aUuduru on lerminal nufeat o( l6e
palpi fa Iho larmilo P�erotennu acldentu (1Valker) (Iwplcre: Kalolermilidae), J, Kwea Enlomol.
Sac. 63(1): 204-207.
3Q. Mylea, T.O. and 8, Dinder.1990, The descrt muigold m�th. Dcsert Planla.l0(2); 75-78,
31. Mylca, T,Q,1988. Dealation in lcrmilea ((aapttre). Sodobinlo� 14(1):61�88.
32 Myles, T.a.1988. Resoura inhtrilana ia salal evolution Gom termitu to man, pp, 379�413. In: C.
Slobalchikoft (cJ).� ' ' Acadcmic Praa, San Diego, 429 pp.
33. Mylcs, T.Q, nnd W.4 Nulling.1988. Termilc eusadal ewlution: a rc•cxamination of Bartz't hypolhaia and
assumplions. puarlerly Review ot Biology, 63(1);1•Zl.
94. Mylcs, T,O, and R.L. Smilh.1987, Conlradability of a chorionic opercular corolla on eggs of lhc anassin
bugSJneanlcyf Mo�lendon (Heleroptera Rtduviidaa). Intl. J. Ia•rerL Reprod. & Dey,11:317•322.
35. Myles, T.G.1986. Evidcna of parenlal anJ/or aibling menipulalion in thrce speau of lumilw lu Hawaii
(Isoptcra). Proc. llaweiien En(omol. Soe.27:129•13G,
3G. Mylu, T.a.1986. Repraluc(iw solditrs in lho Termopsidae (Iwp(cra). Pon•Paufic Entomologist G2(4):293�
299.
37. Myles, T.Q,1986. Oviposilion anJ dcvclopment of �olutelfalta6rflina (Dipfera: Syrphidae) on saguato
cactus Cercusgigmrteur. Entomol. Ncws 97(3):104108.
38. Mylca, T.d, unJ F. Chnng.1984. 77ie caste syslem and cmle mechanisms in Neotemttt connuw (laoplern:
Kalolcrmitidac). Sociobiology9f3):1G}319.
runusuttoai�.�ra�crs�
1. Aiyles, T. G.1999. Extraction Dcvitu for Repid Sepatation of Lnrgc Numbcra of Liro Term(ta from
CarJboard Roll Trnps and Soil. Xlll lntl. Congrest Intl. Union for lhc SluJy of Social Imeds.29
Dccenbcr • 4lnnuary,1999, AdclaiJc, Australia.
2. Mylcs, T. O, I999. Phylogeny and Taxonomy of Ihc Iwplen. Xlll lnll. Congress Intl. Union for 16c Sludy of
Salai lnsetls.29 Dcccmbcr • 4 January,1999, AJelaiJc, Auslralia.
3. Mylca, T, G.1999. Review o(SeconJnry Reptaluclion in Termiles (Isoplera). XIII Inl1, Congrtas Inll.
Union for the Sludy of Social lnsecls. 29 Dcamber - 4 Jenuary,1999, AJclaide, Auslrelia
4. Myles, T, 0.199d. EnvironmcntallyGiendly, groomeble coatings for conlrol of lermilu and olher aodal
insecta. Xlllh Congress of the Inll. Union for thc StuJy of Sacial li, ecls, Aug 21•27, Peris.
S. Mylca, T. (5.199q. Causal faclora in lhe origin o(lermitc eusociali�y. Xll�h Congrese of l6c 1ntl. Union (or
Ilic Study of Social InscUS, Au� 2t•27, puis.
G. Mylu, T. (5.1994. Trap•Ircat-relouc protocols end groomeblc toalings for ullra low Iwocity tublcrrancan
Icrmilc colorry wnlrol. Onlnrio Environment & Encrgy Confcrcncc. Nov.15•1G, Toronlo.
7. Myles, T, 0.1993, The eculogic�i im�wrlaoce of lermilu and Ihe polential utili�nlion of lermilu for lhe
Jccom�asilion of lignaellulosic wutes, pracedinge of Ihe Inll. Workahap on Tcrmilc•Symbionl
Syslcm;l2•14 Odo6cr, Kyulo, Jopan.
8. Mylca, T,(1.1I92. Thc Iru�lreol•relcase Icchnique for wnlrol of aublcrrancan Icrmilcs. Pracadings XIX
Inll. Congrcu o[ Enlomology, Ocijing, China.lune 1$•July 4, p.247
9, Mylcs, T.0.1992. Cuticular applicalion vcraus bait ktJing of alow•ading tozcianb for aubltrranan tcrmilc
colany conirol. Nalional Urban Entomology Confcrenx Procecdinpp, Univeraily of Meryland, Feb. 24,
Collcgc Park, MarylanJ. p.147.
10. Myles, T.C1.1991, Sublcrranean lermile eonlrol. Uaiv. Toronlo SlowPoke Rendor Fae. Annual Report, p.
47
ll. Myles, T,O.1981. Pheromonal ]H Poly1itertsm: l6a Gazis of termite polymorp6ism, (abstred) Procecdings
IXIh Cungr. Inlernational Union for the Sludy of Sodal Insean, Boulder, Colorado, Suppl�menl p, b.
12. Myles, T,a.1980. Thc produUion of aoldicr•alale'double castu' with juvcnile hormone eoeloguea In
Ntwenuu ca�neuu (Kalotcrmil(Jae; laoplera). (abslrad) Am. Zool. 20(4):937,
Ten�r�cn�. Rr.roars:
1. Mylea, T. 0.1998. Termite Survry-Cilypf Cuelph. ca.80 pp.
2, Mylu, T. G.1998. Report lo the City of Townto on Termite Control Triala in 1997, ca. 300 pp
; .
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C.v. T, c. Myla P��e 1
3. Mylw, T. 0.1998. Ro�arl ta tAo City o[ York on Tumila Control Tria� in 1997, u.100 pp
4. Mylea, T. 0.199& Roport lo tho City ot Searborough oa Termllo Control Tde41n 199T, u. SO pp
S. Mylea, T. 0.1998. Raport lo iho Oorough o( Ead York on Termile Conlrol Tria4 In 1997. u.100 pp
6. Mylea, T. 0.1997. Evaluetloa of anll-lormllo addittvea for eryanded polytlyrenc. Flnel Report, AAB
DuilJing Syalcma enJ Onlario Conlro for Malerials Reaearch. 13 pp,
T. Mylea, T.0.1997. Re�rort lo tha Cily o(Toronlo on Termito Conlrol Triala 197J�1996. ca.400 pp
0. Mylcs, T.0.1997. Re�rort to Ihe �ly af Vork on Termllo Control Trials 1993�199G. ca.100 pp
9. Mytea T. 0.1997. Re�wrl lo Iho Dorough a( Eect York on Trrmite Control Trials 1993-199G, ea.100 pp.
IU. Myles, T. (3. and 0. }I. Strack 199G. Uac of Iha fungal pnlhogen Afr(arhlrtum anbopllat, ss s bioconlrol
agent againsl the eattcm eublerrencan lermile, Reflculifrmttl/laWpu. Fnal Repor6 Projea P 7600,
Unlariu Min. Envirun. & Encr�, Environ. Ru. Program.l5 pp.
11. My1..�, T. 0. and D. H. Slrack 199(, aiocontrol of thc easlcm eubterrencan tcrmitc with g�ecn muscarJino
J'ucasc: Pr�ress RcporL ProjcU 1� 7(�0C3, Onlario Min. Environ. & Encrgy, Environ. Rca. Program.
zi rr•
12. Myles, T. G.199G. Re�ad lo lhe �ty of Toronto on 1993�1995'fermite Control Trials. ca. 300 pp,
13. Mylcs, T. 0. 199G. Rcporl lo Mclro Toronlo Housing Aulhorily on 199}1995 Tormtic Conlral Triab et Ihe
Dlnkc•Uoultbec Complex. 14 pp.
14. Mylcs, T. G.199G. Rc�wrt lo the City of York an 1993�1995 Tcrmlic Control Trials, 82 pp.
15. Mylcs, T. G,1995. Report lo lhc Darough o[ Eatl York on 1993�1995 Tcrmile Contml Trials. GO pp,
1G. Mylcs, T. 6,1995. Rc�wrt lo Ihc Cily o(Swrborough on 1993�1995 Tcrmilc Conlrol Triala.55 pp.
17. Mylcs, T. G.1994. Dcvclopmcnl of lhc sanJ barricr melhoJ of txcluding Icrmita. Final Rcporl, Canada
Modgagc and Housing Cor�wralion.53 pp.
18. Myles, T, Q.1993. Proleclion of as�xn waftrboard from lermi�es wilh d'ualium ocleboratc lolrahydrale
(7'im•IIor). Final Ra�rort, Forinlek CanaJa Corp.B pp.
19. Mylcs, T. Q.1993. Evaluation of barium melaborotc monohyriralc (Ousan ll•MI) and 2-
(diioryanamclhyllhio) bcnrnlhia�ulc (TCMTD) at pWcmial bait laxicanls and fceJing inhibitoro
against sublcrrancen lcrmilu. Final Report, Forinlck Gnada Carp.7 pp.
2(I. Mylu, T. �.199J. Dcvclopmcnl af Ihe lrap-Ircal•relcast lechniquc for pesticiJe minimized termitc wlony
conlrol. Fnal Repad, RAC Projccl Na.553G. Submillcd lo Ihc Rescarch Advisory Commillee,
Ontariu Min. Envimn.138 pp.
21. Grucc,l.IG anJ T.G. Mylu.1992, dchaviaural ccology of Ihc taslcrn subltr�anaan Icrmilc in Onlario as a
buu (or mn�rol, f inal Rc�wd, Parls A& D, RAC Projal No. 427C. Submiltcd lo Ihe Resenrch
Adiisory Commillce, Oninrio Min. Environ.
Y.: Myles, T.(7.1992. Technical and commercial fwsibilily of devtloping the sanJ barricr melhod of excluding
tcrmi�a (rom homes in CnnaJa. Subslanliw Progress Reporl an External Reu:arch Granl Gom
CanaJa Mortgagc anJ Housing Corparolion.
23. Myles, T.0.1992. Vicwing lhe cust of lermite conlrol reseerch in perapcctive. Re�arl to Ihe Duilding
� Commissioncr of Natlh York.9pp•
24. Mylcs, T.0 1991. Ochavioral Ecology of Thc Cuslern Snblerrancan Termile in Onlario as a Duis far
Conlrol••Ffth Progrw Report,l Oqober 1990 - 30 hlarch,1991, Onlario Ministry o( Ihe
Cnvironmcnl, Rcsaarch Advisory Commillee (RAC ProjcU No.427G)
25. Mylcs, T,(i.1991. Tcrmilu enJ Thcir Conlrol in Canada, for inclusion in Cily of Toronlo Termiln Report
1990, I lousing Dcpl,
2G. Mylcx, T. Q. and 1.K. Grace.1990. Dchavioral [colo� of Thc Eutcrn Sublerrancan Tcrmile in Onlario as
u Umis for CoNrol••Fourth Progress Repod, 1 April - 30 Sep1,1990, Onlario Minislry o[ lhe
Enviranmonl, RCtcarch AJvisory Commitice (RAC Projccl No. 427G)
.�u�. i �.u:.y�,
I. TER�IITE MONITORINO STUDY. Cily of Guelph, Sepl•Dec, I�B, f25,890.00
2. TERMITE COtrI'ROL RESEARCH. Onlario Hydro 1996�1998, f2,000/yr
3. TCRMITE COM'ROL RESP�RCH. MulJer Properly Management 1'J'X� fJ,400;1997 53,850;1�i8 SJ,850.
4. TERMITE CONTROL RESEARCH. Thornhill Grcen Caaperative HausingAulhorily 199(r1997 52,50(1/yr.
S. STUDIES ON AM'I•TERMITE CONTROLACIENCS IN EXi'ANDED POLYS7'YREN& Ontario
Cenlcr fat Metcrials P.caearch k AAt7 Duilding Syslem;, 517,100.001997.
6. TERMITE REJ(:1kCH AND MUNICIPAL ROYAI,TY SHARIN0.1996-„. Cily o[Totoulo, 550,000/yr.
1995�199fi; Oorough of East York S7S,000/yr.199fr2000; C'ity af York 515,000/yr.1996�1000;
Scarlwrough 525,000,1997.
' �'
1i
4
•• �'
.�
I.
�
.j
39
c.v. r. c. mria r.� s
7. �IOCONfROL OFTHE EA5f8RN SUOTERRANEAN TERMITE WITH ORBEN MUSGIRDINB
DISP�ISE. Environmental Reawrch Program, Onterio Minhlry of Hnvironment �. Ener�, 510,5�0
(95•9G, 9fr9�
8. ENVIRONMENTALLY FRSENDI.Y TERMffE CONTROL ON ENTIRB CITY flIACKS.
L'nvironmentel Youtli Corp., Ontario Min. Eavfronmont & Hncrgy, eummor 1995 f6,521
9. TRAP•TRFAT•REL�SE FOR TERMITE CONfROL ON C17 Y HIACKS.1995. Cily of Tarooto,
550,000; City of York, Si5,000; Barough of Cast York, 515,000; City of Surborough, 515,000.
10, TitAP•TREAT-RELPJ�SE FOR TERMITB COLONY CONTROI.. Cily of Toronlq 1994. 550,000; �ly
o( York, 510,000; Cily of Nadh York, 510,000; Dorough ot East York, SI0,000; �:y o( Scarborough,
SIO,OCO for 1994.
ll, RGlSEARCi l TRIAL OF THE TRAP-TRFAT•RBLFASE TECHNIQUB FOR TERMITE CONfROL
AT OU1KE-BOULTDEE SITE, Melropolilan Toronlo Housing Aulhorily. f4,83( (or 1974, f3,G00 for
1995.
12. ENVIRUNMENTALLY FRIENDLY TERMITB COIANY COM'ROL.Onlario Min. Environ, &
Entrbry, Environmentnl Youlh Corp Proqam, S19,702 May-Nov.1994.
13. FURTNER UIUORATORY AND F1ELD STUDIES ON TRAP•TRFAT•RELEA58 FOR TERMITB
COIANY COM'ROL. FMC Corp. 530,000 (US)/yr for 1994,1995,199G.
14. EVAI.UATION OF INSECf 1NfilORINC COMPOUNDS AS ADDITIVES IN THE MANUFACI'URE
OF POLYS7'YRENE FOAM MATERIAIS. AAD 8uilding System. (originally SS,G00 but rcduccd lo
f500 afler pultn. acarch ditcovered almilar prior art) Nov.,1991.
15. L16 LVALUATION OFTWO PRFSERVATIVFS FOR PROTECf10N OF ORIENTED SfRAND
UOARD FROM TERMITES. Weyerha�user CanaJa, 54,200 April-Sep1.1997.
IG. MUNICIPAL COOPERAT(VE TO SUPPORT T8RMITE RESFARCH. Cily at Toronto, 550,000;
Oorough of East York, f10,000; Town o( Kincardine, 5500 for 1993.
17, TI:RMITL' COIANY CONTROL WITIIOUT RESIDUAL PES7'ICIDES.Onlurio Min. Enviran., 575,000
1993•199G.
IB. INfEQRATED DEVE(APAIENC OF TOPICAL FORMULATIONS AND DA17'S FOR THRMlTE
COLONY COM'ROL. Ouckman Lalwratoriu of Canada, 510,000,199J.
19. RG'SISfANCE OF TIM•UOR TREATED WAFERBOARD TO SUDTERMNFi\N TERMITES,
rorin�ck Canada, f4,?JO, lulyDccembcr,1992.
20. MUNICIPAL COOPERATIVE TO SUPPORT TERMITE RFSF�1RCt 1, City of Toronto, 550,000; City af
Clobicoke, 55,000; Doraugh of Eml York, f5,000; Cily of Oakvillc, S1,8Q1 for 1992.
21, EfFECfS UFTIIREE INSECI' OROWfH REGUTATORS ON RETICUL1TERhlES FL1 {7PES.
ZoCcon Corp (Dallat, Texas), SL,51B, Od.1991,
22 EVALUATION OF fIFi�TED TRAPS �OR WIM'ER ACGRHGATION OFTBRMITPS.Onlario
MinLslry of Environmcnt, Cnvirunmcntal Youlh Corp Oranl, f5,88(, �all•Wintcr 1991•1992.
23. DIOLOOICAL (MICRODIAL) TERMITB COM'ROL.Ontaria Minutryof Cnvironment, Hnviranmcntul
Youlh Corp Oranl, 55,88C, Fnll•Winlcr 17/1•1992.
24. ALTCRNATIVGS TO CHEMICAL �UMIUATION Or STRUCI'URAL PL'S'CS: A CASE STUDY
INVOLVINO TI f E EMDIGITION OF AN INFESTATION OF CRYPTOTERAlES BRE►?S AND
DEVF.LOPMENT OF A NATIONAL COM'INOENCY PIAN FOR CONTROL OF
INfRUDUCED DRY•WOOD TERMITES. City o( Misstssauga, 55,000,1992
25. IN'fEGRATED PEST MANAGEMEM' OPTNE Fi1STHRN SU4TERRANFAN TERMITE:
DEVC•LOP•MENT OF A CON7'AINMEM' 7'ECIINIQUE. Universily of Toronto Connaughl Phasc
1 New Sluff GraN, 510,000,1971•1993.
2G. DEVELOPMEN'f OF THL� TRAP-TREAT•RELFASE TECHNIQUE FOR PESf1CID8 MINIMIZED
TERMITE COLONY CONTROL. Rcsearch Advisory Committcc Granl, Onl. Ministry of Ihc
Environmcnl. 550,0001'�1•1992.
27. UNIVERSI7'Y OF TOROM'0 TERMITE RESFARCH PROGRAM GRAN'f. C'ity of Toronlo, 550,000;
(' ly of Norlh York, 517,400; City otGuelph, f14,495; Town of Lcamington, f1,295 for 1991.
18. TECFINI(;ALAND COMMERCfAL FEASIDILITY OF DEVELOPINO THE'SAND DARRIER'
METIIOD TOR EXCLUDINO SUDTERRANP�IN TERMITES FROM HOMES IN CANADA.
Cannda Morlgagc anJ Flausing Corp, f20,0001991•1994.
29. UNf VERS17'Y OF TOROM'0 TERMITE RESPARCH PROGRAM GRANf'. Gty of Toronto, 550,000;
Cily of North York, f 1G,200; Tuwn of l.eamingtoq 51,295; Township ot Pelee, S83 for 1990.
30. NOVEL 7'LRMITICIDE FORMUTATIONS� (wilh R.L. Smith) Griffin Corp, 575,000(US),1989.
31. SOILTEMPERA7'URE IN REtAT10N TO SOILTERMffICIDE EFFICACY 1N ARIZONA. (wilh
1 R.L. Smilh) Dow Chcmical Co., S10,000(US),1988-1989.
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�� ��rrnites
Entomolog'ut Tim Myles leads a trurade
against ar: insidious pest tl�at is gnawi�:g
at the heart of Cnnada'� largrrc ciry
ey �rayn� c�,Ay Wr<<, P�,orar 6y Wolf KrrnaGonlry
iM Mnes wn�KS chrough �he Mo�ron Siie like a
p�nde colonel an inspeccion d�y. The sm�ll I�om•
ing development in the east end af Toronto it a
walled compound in which ach unit faces omo
� narmw walkway paved wich incedaking p�tio sconu. The
unin are builc of brick, buc there is wood all around, mo:t
a( k io cuncuc wiih che ground: small, dehydnced uees in
woodcn mbe; preuu�acrmaJ snirs Inding up ro wooden
patchu; nilway tiu holding b�ck lalles� buehes in a bed aF
wood chips. Myla poinu [o thue artss u though each werc a
scu(fed hoot.'Look at �II thu wood•to•eueh connce," he
uy�, �h�king his hnd. "Th:c's wherc you II find tc-miia. This
whole place is carmite hnven."
Myla u dira�ot of the U�bm Emomology Prognm in �he
Fuulry of Foracry u che Unive�siry of Toron�o:' Whcn you rc
�he only full-eime faculry member in a prognm�" he uys� "thry
all you the direceor." He ind John Sisson, a full•time ttchni-
eim, md cwo aummer scuden�s —Gr�h�m Thomp�on and
john Femindo — drive amund in an ald sniion wagon, � wtt
. _.�_ , --�
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I passed c�ut n�hcn I sa��� all thosc t�rmitcs. 41
Termite tidbits 'i�n�r� ��•�r� �»�u��,��s ��r'd,�n, ���cr����•hcre.
Tliey atc thc: main suppnrting bcam right out,
r�rmlu haunat —Gn�ulru P�rttr, Grwr•uirnrr b� d�c Tm•n�uo rnGurG uj'Yurk.
Termlt�s Ih� maln�y In �tump�
and�weMlow�roundiml(tbq n'LnreGnrcuirntninninrdnmrcdmnSlU,UUOiva•rGi�'trrn�irednumqr
dw��l a IIM� dup�r lo wintv).
'fh.y tead on wood �vdboud of Termim•mobile — a denad green wcre cermim infancions ilong che euc
�ndpaper�ndwtoundwhrn Cherywichh�lFinfroncgrillm(s�Ing endofToroncoiha�bourandupimo
th�n �� wood•to.av�h conam and the words `Termice Terminuan" che mburb of Scarborough. ay 1947.
d«lo, wood nmdnj w.n�, ��ncH. �vriccen in ehe dwc an the driver's side. �here were nine known pocken of in-
Thq mow from ona f��dln�arn The buk oF �he «•agon i� filled'�cich &�cacion on Toron�oi eac �ide and
toanoaherbrmi:�n�u�lw mucri�ls for making rcrmirc tnpr, rcrmieahavebeengnawing�heirway
wid� wil eo v.u� narrow tunnd� ehor� piaa of PVC pipe, rolls ofcorru• �hrougl� the ci�y ever:ince. Termiro
nlled fhelter tubef. garcJ cardbaard and squares of ply consume �he cellulose ehae binds �voa1
wood, plastie boxes �nd hand apadet. cells togeiher, thoyan gec inside a floor
►ead�ng /ran:p Armed wich chw afmple w��pons and joist and litrtally hollow it fmm the
AcolonyofM.miOion�ub. onimpressivefimiliuirywi�htheh�biu imide out. One homaowner from
Nrnnean termitef In ioronto of urmiea, Myla and hu tam ue �ilc- Toronto's eut aide in che 1940s ro-
nn eonromti In one ye+r, ing on a problem af superheroic pro• memben poking a scrnvdriver ineo his
enoujn wood to bui�d aboue portione: che eliminacion of Toromo's dining �oom Ooor and finding nat6ing
thrca plcnle hble�. Termltu feed legendary termite popul�tion. bue a thin veneer of vuniah.
on cel�ulofe, th� �ok part of wood, S�ill, nothing much w�s done uncil �
hanaycombinjthrouahth�coro eaM�resmade�heirfirstknam 19G2,whcneheTorontoBuildingDe• F
whil� Iearin� Na wood4 auter �appc�nnce in Toronto in 1938 putmen[ appointed a full•time [ermite q
lareruntouck.d. �n � warchoust on Iht tityi amrol iropecror. A ynr luer, �he ciry ��
emo-eidw��etfront.ThebuilJinswu approvnliufincmrmimwnnolby•law, ni
vartnen In erlmaa ridJled wiih a apecies known �s che yid in 19G5 � urmicernm�olgru�e pm• f
7crmia�� r.ly on dn�lfceuad &sum submrrmau urmite (Rrrir- gnm wu launched: 67 dwellings were �!
�nimd�—proto=oa—thatlly� �ditrrmn fL�vipn) tha h�J prob�blyu• treateJ wiih a chemial pesticide ehat $d
In thal^ `ut to dlpst th� hud tived in a woalen cnte yne Over �e next [wo dcrada, tho Qa
compomm�otwood,(raetn�up from�heUnicrcl5ta�a NaniyYO0.K DuildingsDepacmant�lsobegan Q�
Necellulof�thatnou'Ithafthem. sevenl years eadier. l���•��:� sdvuingbeingueredhome-own- Ay
Wi�hin a few ,;i , en on coneml meehods and ad• �!�
y�rs,�here ;;J :` minisaringgruiufmmtheciry �
�� .
••�. ,;f� :' and �he Oncuio Miniscry of �o
i
xv '2 . C•rvironment to olTsai ehe �
,_� ' � �j��� " co�t of earcrminuion and
E�"`O"�^' yn' repair.TheciryiHousiug{
"::,;7onit� ?„i�r Depa�cmenc, which rook 9�
..i,, ..... �ifi:�v .r.
� J-�iiti�owipw.cu.�..A � ,+�n, k�
'� � n SL . � � � � '
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•• il N � !� � Bboric L�•9� �! . • . . yDinlcr��'-_ t� l�" �.
� � a "d.x a d"'i •;k.�:� ' `�_,n.���
m � �'��'x�qqy -�a�,��t.�•.�� ; 'F?:. ._. f�ri. mt±,to �'�
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Lake Ontario
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,42 over the tennite contml progrant in
1990, atimata tha 6y then a mcal of
515 uty blak� werc infatcd with ter•
micn. Buc lack of fund�, unong ocher
ficrors, manc tluc oFthe 27,000 housa
at ruk of infcntion, only about G,500
werc known ro be aff'cned and tmted.
Noc surpruingly, the infesacion spmd
npidly, 6y an excn 21 blaks over the
following yru. By 1992, the number of
�lAicted bluck� had incmud co 543—
18 peRen[ of the dryi 61a1n. Aorortling
ro a Ha�uiug Dep�rtmenc reporc pub-
IieheJ the following year, eliminating
rcrmita had bccome'u Impomnt for
�he prouction of building� u firc mn•
crol." Obviuusly, che gnnc-eupparrcd
chemical treatment progrom wu not
tuming the tide.
On the adrice ofAmarinn entomol-
ogist Richud V. Grr, ciry muncillon
and hau�ing o�ici�ls decidcd to pursue
an unusual initiative in �he war �gainse
Taronro termius. Whu the�• needed
wa� mam knowlcdge of �he memy, w in
I'I87, �he UniveniryofToron[oi Urbm
Entomology Progrun wu born.
"Vory li�dc wa� known abouc die
behaviour of termitcs in nonhern cli-
matn." s�y� Amie Pme. a p�run mm.
ager wirh �he Howing Depucmrnt.
Taranco wanccd to do the right
rhing," say� Myla. "Termice infaa�iou
ia a home•owner i iime, ofmr dl, buc
�herc ue very kw cicia in Nanh Amer
iu thu usume any mponsibiliry In u-
si:ting home•awnen wi�h �heir rcrmite
problems — yau pF.one up cicy hall
and thry say,'Lcok in �he ycllmv paga
undcr pat concml.'
"Toronto bJilTercnt bewuse termita
arc an intraluced pue here. Buc whae
�Iw makes Toronto differcnc i: chat ie i
a wel6run, inrclligen•, pro•octiee ciry
chat ata �bouc neighbourhoode," he
adde.'Set[ing up the Urbm En�omol-
ogy Prognm wu a 6rillian[ ida. It's �
model for universiry•municip�liry ea
opencion." Ini�iil funding for the pro•
gnm ame from Metropolinn Ta�onio
ond aa municip�lities, u well u �he
Ontuio Minieery of �he Envimnment
and Gnada Mortgage �nd Houaing
Corpon�ion. Sponsanhip From mu-
nicipaNda rem�6u dia pmgmmi m�in
sourceof�upport. '
Mylu li the seconJ Jiuccor of Ju
program (lie wss hired in 1990) and
one of die cop termice cntomologicn in
Norch �lmcrin. He ha� penorolly wl-
lecced every North Ameriun specics
aupt for two from FlodJa anJ hss dis-
corcrcd six new specia of Rrtindirmna
in �he Amerinn West, � whole new
gcnm wich �t last five ncw specic in the
Southweet, and a �matudng afa[her
�pecle:. Hi� taxonom(e work hu ra
mained unpubli�heJ, however, bee�use
of hii preoccupuion wich con�rol «•
search over �he psst fnv ynn.
FnJing � way ro control mrmlic is
p�n of his mand�ee ae the univeniry, u
well ss�he only �ny eo nise J�e fundi co
kmp �he U�ban Encomology Prognm
aflou. Since the prognm depends on
excernd funJins, M}•lu knows chat his
rcsnrch must be aimed at Jeveloping
an elTective — �nd mukcnblo — ur-
mice eoncrol, The concrol mechod he
has de�Yloped could wipe out Taronto's
rcrm(�e popula�ion within a daaJe if
Tahnlcian John Sluon bu�in
hmiln enpf in � Toronto
housln� comple�. Th� trap�,
mad� of corrupted nrdbovd,
va OOed wlth tetmitn mvared In
termltldde Tha �rttam ha� proren
�uaeuPol in andiudn� endn
colonln. Th� minutcul� Imab
(mow)—upto IOmillloi�uron�
�o �om� eolonl��—hw� earvd
• path of de�wctlan throu�Aout
tlu ioronto v�t
i�
>ti
� �
<; 1t '�;
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CAN�GI�NOIOYMINIC /1
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� � 43
I� �uff'iuoncfund(ngwuavailable,heny� �m�muldntperce(�rmevmychingbut femdepa(r�fortheoffipringJcuniu
, (ue sidebar on poge 5:1. y huge aurfaca buc thry� knnv I rcpra a iimaiiun In whirh Ji�persal uuulde
sented � thmc uid m had to be aaxknL �he nest G Jmgerow benwe af the ri�k
rOpTUNAT6LY POA TORONTO� 'Th� prorokcJ my cudoiiry. How ofpredaron;chealcema�iveGco��ayac
�"i Myla'gnduate research helpnl Jid cheee duui�dc mlJlen evolve In home and look afcer �heir Qblings.
-L g rn o n a t h e i d e u � h a c h a v e a l• � h e fi n c p l a u? 1 w� n t e d t o k now. W h�t W hen purna are monogmiow, boch
lowed him ro ncicle one of che dcyi m�ka an inJividu�l mbordinue (ts im siblingrand oR:pring ue genaic�lly re•
mast worrieome paes. He hm been a terau to those of iu groupY laced by SO percent.
termim mon itnce he xv a seudent ac Hi� incerc�t in �Itruiim In saciil in• 'We are all gene machiner," »ys
the Univcniry of H�wil( in the arly scn broughc him to ihe rcheively new Myles, mcaning �har ehe primory pur•
1980s. Hu finc Job u a ruearch u�is- field oFbehaviour�l ecology. "( reiliud pau of �ny org�n6m G�o pm on in
nnc in �he rnromologydepartmen�wm I wv not w inceresced in physiological genn ro�he nac genention. 8ue in �he
uraning inucticida for use ag�inse mech�nisms u 1 wu in ecological and cue of sociil inean, ie maka a much
theFormosaneubternnanurmiee.'1 nrolu�ionu}•ans��entoquatioruabou[ sensetoarcforyrouriiblingt(i.e.be�l.
h�d ro go aue and colla� frc�h termitte anim�l behaviour." ttuis�id a� (t dou to h�ve u(fspring of
from field trops see oround �F.: cam• ►n his doctonl disserntion, com• your own, beauee yaur �i6ling� and
p�"hesa}�.'llietnps—�m�Il+vooJen pletedin1988atthelJniven?tyofAri• pouroffipringbothhave50percentof
boxa wich rolled-up n:•�v:paper inside zona in Tuuon, he I�id ouc hia o�vn your genes. Termitea, ancs and bces are
�hem—utr�ceed�ermieabythe�hou• �heoryof�ocialiryineermites.The �hesoci�liroecuehaexhibic�his�lcm-
unds. "prime mover" in the evolution of teo- istic tandenry bnt, bu� same venebnm
'As soon m I pullcd ihe newspaper mite sociiliry, he belicva, i�, quite sim• animilt do u well. Wolva, for exunple,
our,"hesays,"dounsoftermitewldiers ply, ehe esscavacion of wood. M�ny Jwell in packs mroiseing ofa maeing
woulJ mn up my arms, �;nk their mm- oeher insecu barc singly in wood but pair mid nomrc, roJucing suburdinaa
dibla imo my skin and squirc iheir Je• «rmita colleaivelv chew oue � aviry who help niu pupe.
&nsive saretions inco me. At first 1 wu which becoma che developing hmilyi Alyla believu �hu �Iternuive rcpra
molrcd by d�is, buc �han 1 began co be livingsp�a. This mnfinemenc promoca duai�n scr�tcgiu �Iso expl�in the suc-
fu.inaeed by them. Thae �iny orgm• monogamous bm�ling by a male and cess of Rrrirufirmna in Nor�h Amerie�.
Caubed with � pai�onow
nd farmula (utow), tarmltu
�w+rm �round � tnp In lh� lab
of tha Urban Entomolop pro�nm
�t tba Unirenlry of Toranm (ivaHt).
John Slnon Q�R) pou� t�rtnitn
Into cWboard rdtw roll�,
whil� John F�mando �Rtracb
termltu from �oll ln prapuatlan
for thdr tarmlUddo uutment
�� C�N�Otl1M0�001NINIC �vnnnuotto�u•n
. �
.. . . . ' . � , y� � . .
r
��d , . -� . . . .
y:� �4 . {'.
t� � �` 9
�;r. � �r. i' ;i.
�... <��: . . � . , � ��� , ,. ,
�,
a .
le
,� .
.c
s�
m
tys
�r-
in
ihc
ich
�l-
; of
ind
c ot
are
ccu-
hce
���.
ting
��o
PfO'
suc-
ria.
� 4�CCI111[C IItfCSt8tI011 IS � IlOilll••pll�ner's issuc,
atrcr �il, but there arc ecry tcn• citics in North Amcrica
that assumc any responsibilitv in assisting
liome•o���ners t��idi d�eir rermice problcros —
you phone up ciq� hall ;wd dicy say,
`Look in the yello�v pages under pest control.'
—nitnnmfnnirrTiiu Jh•/a
including in npid prolikraeion in 'ltuscdtobethoueht"heH�s.'�ha�
Toronto.lnmo�tspecies,youngteo- RerirulirmnafLrvipnliredincoloninof
mitn, or nymphs, moulc ro become ei• �boyt o quartet-million." When Mylu
thetwu�kcrsorwldiers.Somekeepon andAi��ahnici�nsbeg�nenppingtet.
moWcing md bKOme �larcs, rhe wing;d, mims in Toronco, thry• d'ucorercd �hu
rcpraluctive termiee diac fly of�ach souehern as�ump�ion� ofcolonysixe
:pring co fonn new colonies. But in werewildlyshartofthemukupnor�h.
Rnindimma, nymphs frcquendy vuu• "Colany populuions eh�e we smdied
form inro nmmnia, a aste of samlly a� 20 �iea in �he dry ruige fmm about
m�turctumiioclutrtninwmejuvenile IOO,OODcoabout11,400,000,"sayi
famro ineo adulthood. Instad oFlav Myla. 'Mose of ehese acupied much
fng home ta 6ePjn their own eolonia, leu than a full block. A conservative
nrntenin reproduce within che colony figure for cermice populacions for an
and mave to iu perimaer, �hm single eneire in&seed cicy block would be
mluniaanlxcameqwielugebybud• aroundl0million�ndwuldbeminy
dingoRautingcolonia. timugmter.
Nmrcny ilwgiva �he �ennica an ul• ' Wa know ihac cherc arc morc thm
r+ntage in wlder dimua bmuse 6ud• G00 intnml ciry6lacks.Md �h�t doenc
ded eolonies have a be�cet chanct of count �he veas where, for one mson or
gei�ing �hrough the winmr chm do �he anothcr, nobedy wmu us to know �hry
�mill populatians surccd from alue have urmicn." �
piin. lhe larger colonin uo beemr able
ro fonge for foud and ro rnpond ro TT tl7Af TERMITE ALT0.UISM fI17t IC1I
uisa �uch u prtduion, disase ond sud• � Myln �o �he diswvery of an e(kc-
denchangain«mpenwre.Theyalso tive new comrol method. The
hmamomatauivenmrorkufnuu�cls tnp•�rcu•md-rcleucprocedure,sshe
co mignce qui:Uy when tempernures all� it, i� �till in the expedmencd
Jrop. As a asul�, �ubmmnan tt�mieo snge, but Mylu ha rcceivcd a U.S.
no� only mrvive ihis Gr norch, chry pmmt for it, and fi rady to deploy lt
Ibwah in numbcn thn around Myln. in hia war ag�insc R fbvipa.
Termite tidbits
Con�uvin{ �ebnbn
In Toronte, � tamlb colorry�
cui �uilr �zand or�r x hdf doun
rn�dmtld lau; on� colony wu
udm�qd u I,100 �quan mw��.
6n�wln� pl��u��
El�hu�n p�rc�nt of TorontoY
dry 61ock� w� 1nluted
wlth hrmita. accordlnj to
µ• I■b�o dan publbh.d 6r
the Clly olk'oranta In 1997.
North�rn �urvlvan�
Th� Euhm subtamn�an
tertnite. R�dcullnrmu parlp�y
b found In iouth�m Ontulo and
th� aubm hdfaf th� United
Saaw p.qcullnmu� I� found
n�arir �,aoo IJlom�ae� futher
narth th�n ma�t other tertnitati
CAMAp1�M 0�00MINlC 11
/.
'
., ' � � '. ( . - .
- � . � � � � � , . .
I. . . . i � . � ... �l
�'� . . . . � ' . .
j�t . . ti . ' � .
� � '-•11 ' . l� ' . � .
. '. ''± J � I!' .
✓{[, f � .I .� . . . ,
t.
a i' � , ,� , �; �1
�r �
�` ` d
k � } 1 ,
;F � � }
�C� g �{
�y�i �'i�ll..f�.�s.!_„_i S.iw�.Sn .'�� ..;�!1 ♦ . ., .� � .� . � . � � ..
He anJ hu usaius arc try(ng ic out
nuw u �ha Murwn Siin, whare duy
h�ve buricd 117 mps uaund the city
blak iha� contain� 80 howing unin.
Ai he gou from mp ro tnp he kecp�
pulling up empry �olls ofnrdbo�nl, a
mark of che meihodi �uaui. ' Whcn
wc fint puc chcse In a year �go," �ry�
Myln, "wc wcrc gening around 5,000
cermicn in ach mp. Now we rc lucky
if we find une aaive �np.'
Tl�e Univeniry oFToronta Innov�•
tlons Found�tion hu negoti�ted � li•
«nsing agrcement for hlyles with �
paticide manuf�cmrcr in Princeton,
N.J. The cumpany if aeill seeking regis•
v�eion of ihe tcrmicicide ic usn, alled
sulflunmiJ. Thia ttrmicicide is rcgis•
rcrel for ocher usa in �he Unimd Snen
but it u not yet regismred for mmmeo-
ciil use in Gnada. Through a toyilry-
shuing arrangement wi.h ehe ciry and
the un:versiry, Myla hopa th: t enough
monry will evencuilly be genenmd to
Inp the Urbm Fntomology Progrun
going well into the futuce.
Th�c will give him the keedom, he
liopn, to get bock to some of his pose•
ponad projects in'pure uiance." He
wrnu ro�wrk on dacripcions of the new
termitt genw and �pecia he discavercd
eight ynrs �go, md he i� developing a
thrnry oFtermiie uufulnw th�t could
change forcver �he way we look u ur
mita.'Oidy five percrnt of the wodd's
tcnui�u ore pun," he say�. `Thc rce�
pedorm � v�luable urvice by curning
foreec liaor back ina living mucar."
Hu iJa u that we muld &ed dad �woel
and sawmill mJ pulp mill wurcs ro
termitn, and chen kcd �he mrmica to
chickens and fish. "Termitu ate � pa-
mn�iilly importmc md, rhus fu, una•
ploiceJ link between �he fomt and our
own foal ch�in."
hiylu rvill be happy focuiing on hI�
cermim ind hii ihmriea. He is a sci-
rntut, not an atermimror, all he w�nts
u a securc plue in which ro condua hL
�aaah. He (nsins he i� the kind oF
person `who crould be puc on n deserced
ielmd and find a whole univcne of in-
crigue in a decomposing tree.' Q
{�ryruGruAjGa wrirninlGn�ron, Ont,
and thraarhor o/'I'oronro the Wild: Feld
Nota of an U�ban N�mr+lisc liblflGit-
nalmn4� L rt pinraamp/xr bu�din Tomnra
��1 potent recipe 4.5
tor terminating te�rmites
T6RMITES� lik� mo�t of u�,
donc nc anything chry m�-
pac will kill chem. Md �h�c
u che gmcat pmblem with Jm tn•
dicion�l mechods of extermination
— so�Wng the eoil with chemic�ls
and bueing. The muimum concen-
tntion of paison thu cu� be put in a
baie is "somnvhere azound 100 puts
per million," says u�b�n entomologist
Tim hfylu — barely enough to kill
che termitt chu ncs it, lec done ehe
armite thu em ic in rcgurgineed
fortn.'Bvu," he s�}a,'jme dont luve
a good kill ntio."
Whu hlyles believed he needed
w�s a way of geceing enough poison
into a vecror, or curier, termite to do
some major damage ta �he colony.
Termien, he knew, ue �Iwisac ro �he
paint of suicide: xvrker eormitn re•
mrning ro �hc colony ue Iicked dan
by their nest•m�te�, md groaming
ttrmita will ingac a lot morc poison
ch�n bilc•(onging �ermicn.'Ic's a if
thry uy,'1 know Jii� stuA� going to
WII me, buc I've goc co gec ic aff my
nest•mite, 3o here gou:"This g�ve
Myla �he ida af how to gee poison
imo �he nut: dab somc on fonging
a�mitt> >nd Ict them rceum ro �he
eolony, whcre other tcrmitn would
lick it off and die.
Pmiow behaviaid acudin shmm!
cert�in brands of mukeo-pen inlu
wcrc ary �o apply to rhe ttrmi�ei cu-
tide, or ihdl, md woWd be geduilly
lirked off by o�ha nrmita. By ma(ng
the mrmi�n with a misnue of poison
and ink. Myle uuccd a mobile bac
ryseem delivered by the urmica. To
hii amuemrnt the �y�tem wo�ked
beecet dun tndidoml Midn�. He wa�
able eo incrwe the wncenuation of
w
t6e toxiunt in the mating:o morc
thm 1,OD0 time: whu the eum(tu
would acapt in a bile.'It �eems �h�c
thry arc Iw finicky about tuce wha�
licking another «rmite thm ehey ue
when nung.'
11 C�M�YI11ryC�40MINIC �IITIM��NOCTO�III'17
. �.�.4' � - :; � . . ,. .
- . �i ���: ..� ,
l; C, t, ,
- � (•
�:�. � � �
s. t
a�u��e
n�. t, e,. , �' . , , -, 't
The poiwn he mcded on wa eu!•
flunmid, a ilow•aaing bu� highly cf-
kctive In�ecticide wh(ch he mixcd
wich rcd muker•pen ink In hb lab,
he dabbed a few terml[a with the
mixture. u�ing a luge �ponbe, puc
chem In a mnninn vvi�h a lo� of o�hu
ttrmites, and waited. The kill ntio
�vu fintatic: more rhm a thommd
Icilled for nch one co�md. "The kill
n�io u Iw in ihe field," he:ayr,'per•
fups u high v 50 ro ana"'Ihis mwu
he nee� ro mp abaut nw peran[ of
a colony's papulacion co descroy it.
"The baury of �he syscem b thu we
use minum qumeicia of rhe toxianc
mmpued ro oJ�er methods," he uys.
"Soil termiticide applincion ncn ue
about five kilognms per p�operry; we
uu abou� 25 gnm+oFsulflunmid co
crat 100,000 cermircs in � multi•
prope�ry site."
In Taroneo field studies ovcr the
Iut four summen, ehe ttap�cmt•aad-
relrue ptocedure hm (n some tua
eliminated eneirc colonin of term(�a
in a fingle fesson. At one larga ilte,
eavering a heavily infested rcsidcn-
tial ciry block, termites were elimi-
n�tnl wichin two ynn.
Mylc deul�tn cFut iFstudenc field
cmn wem h(mi to work on cvery In-
fnecd ury blak it might be pouible
ro eradiau ill the knawn infa�i-
ciom in Maro Toron�o wirhin five ro
10 yeut at � mst of appm:imudy S6
million. Buc for now, the plan is to
gee �he formulation regiitered and
inro the hmd� uf 6ansed pest conwl
opmton.
'1 donc think pesi mnwl wmpa-
nia will adopc du syscem ovemight,"
he s��,'but evenwlly 1 think t�ry71
come uound. I l�ope, evenm�lly, u
Jie mp�tm�•and-rclase ryscem im-
pmvn, dut it mighe begin ro displaa
rhe ux of wU tamidddn and �hm R-
dum the load of cmoe diemlcaL going
ineo the u�bm environmrnt "
—w c.
Q6
� � c..
THE TRAP-TREAT-RELEASE TECHNI�UE FOR TERMITE COLONY CONI'ROL
WfuT Is Trw�7nenr-R�EnseT
Top�Tro�bpelus� (RR) Is a naw IeMnpue lor subterrana�n
lermlta conlrol whkh was imenied by d. T.Q. Myle� al Ihe
QnivmPty ol Taonlo. At Ih� name Implia�, Ihe pioceduw
imolwf Ihree rtwin sleps:
T�
Th� IerMl� Uap consisb ol a plaln ear00oard tdl Iilletl Insid� a
plsslb N�ew wer whkh a plywood Ild I� pland (ua Fp. 1�. Th�
tr+p b about 15an hiph and t5cm In dlameler, ud Ih� fd U
70e+n a 7Dan. On +ve�+pe, efpht 4+pa u� pland N euh
properly, Te�milef in the dea will lead on the nrdboud uM �ro
collMed al iepuW Mlarvab by �emovinp (hs roll uW npladrq It
wtth a n�w ono.
�
O�l�
iH
F(g, t. The Termilo Trop
\�
a�
iM oolleelM IermlU� ue Wouphl b ow pb �nd Fept diw unW
• lupa number hm been g�lhered. TINy u� th�n h��ted by
iPWN�Y ��w+Wrp toxkanl dkaeUy anlo N�k bodi�� w;ih �
timpl� bbtU�q t�cMiqu� fsa Fp. 4�. ,
� �-.ppYUwr
bun p�d
u --w.m� an
r Inilm�H 4ry
� � � � � � i 61otl'rV+Dn
= � = � � � � 0.000 b t0.000
�i�� � �� � �� klllllln
F(g. 2. The Treatment Process
, ,.
Relean
iha �uled lermile� an pl�ctd In a wEboard roll, and rtlumed
to Iha ule Irom w�ich I�ey fama (w� Flp. 7�. A nlan� po� lid
is uaurtd lo th� U�p to prvent lampu(ng. The ua�trA lum7�n
a�e Ihen �We lo fpiead Ih� Io�i�nllo IA� iest ol the eolony,
nr�w nu�
wr:q �
Oiau�4wl► ',
IiELFASE PORT
py� -� WARMNO LABEL
aWw' ��
�M.n� a .
HM�NRI I
(4YtCy
M�o. —.. I
Fig. 3. The Reloase Port
Now Does Ir WoAKT
TM +ctM Mqr�dl�n1 M Ih� TTR truM�ol B a chemkal Wbd
6'dllwmW. R b a WwacWq lo■k+n4 U�at I�, il kflU brmiln
dowly. Thif ine�n� IMI VN collMed Nrmilet wlll M diw lor
tererd d�y� aN�� tr��imen4 pMnp them Iim� lo pau Ne
paUdd� on lo oNt�� N IM oobny. Tinnvniuhn oi IAr
swnw+ma omm o.�,w inmw oroom ..a� om.�. Ihenby
tld�kiq oN wrtw o1 tM pe�Udd�. AMN N It kp�NM. ll I� IuMar
pwM on by rpw9ilalhn, tinp Inmila� (a�d �uh olhet 6y
�rowo�u�a Maniea ioaa, a� rew uw. n,w damo�3v.i.a
Ihal �pproa4nalely 100 tamila� nn be wpcd la eoch ane keued.
We Menlat Iry W odleel 17i ol IM oolony In our V�ppinp tlap�,
In orda b�NM 100% o11M termlln.
ooes Ir wanK7
Tha piphs on tlw IdlowGq Pa9� Illuitral� Ih� nwlu Irom lour
rcprc�emaUvs tNa (hom a IaN a Iwenry► in whkh nea �I,I�
w.�. w�,tw «n io oom �w�,�w �e�.
,S.'. � .
•.t� .
;�: ��,x;
,} ;
�! ' � ''; •. �:
_ t��i , '
:!� r; , .
,. �4 t '1�� r , . , .,.4 �!��i � .. , }t•, � . . , t. �� .. .
- ty. � u Ihu Uwphl mlu pL�pl�. whwh u nyNnwNahvu ul 5�� :�lu,
�� wh�Th remalned InxtHa M 109� IopowYiq U�umanl In 1097. �
, Flg. 4. Owight Slla
M.4� ��
MY 1
■n.r
�ris -
�R4
�m MI
� �M
� � � r . u�nurni�nannu
..� .
F7p.31s Ihe Monpoae tfla pnph,whkh I� nq�tanlal(w ol se�en
tit�f at which Ir�p yteldf M 1991 waro rMuad by Bp.710 99A%
oomparM l0 199J,
Fig. 5. Manlrosa
r...
x�.+.� �.rr.,
��
YI01
a.aa
aoo�
A001 Ml
111
� 1 1� I � 111111�I�IlIAOlIAII
�1M
Fq.O is Iha &ak� dto gnph, whkh h uq�sendtiw of Gn tltas
at tihlqt �ap ylNd� in 199� wen ieductd yy 10.E lo 89.5%
compued lo ID9J,
Flg. 6. Olake Slla
rr..nw.i
sb
ame
Ka
�ane
xeee wi
� w�
1 1 1 / / IIIIIIII�IIILLIIAII
w�1
Fip.7 b tAs Oordan dle preph. MdcA i� �epn�anuWS al two dtrf
�1 whkA trap ylaldf hl 199! wvn reduud 6y 57.1% a I�ff
oompued l0 197�. •
FIg. 7.8ardan Silo
�
rr«`y„� .
aso�
a�a
■me
usw
use�
ua �
w
�i a � r � n��nunnaaean
..w
�.'.v i .. � . 4'�� ,v
�.r�ure tws i. �suw t,y da ut�n �,ba;i�oo� :
c.RWrun FaaiNyolF«eNy.UnbadNo��Toroino.•..
� Thla edtUOn wu pnP+iad by�Jiion Wlema.;t:;' �.
i �x
.'r ,� t
WuaiAnelueAUVnr�lau�sur' laai�•Inent-Iletease7
Th�i�u�e�wrdbranupa�WN�TTRdehnlqwowr4M10ony �y
m•Ila6� d d�mll� sonLol: �
I. Wh�nn tntlllbnu m�ihod� anlypork� � eN�mkal buiNr b
protut IM Iwuu, TTA dhtclly dl�eu Ilw p�mll� oolonY,
tupprnunp or klll4p II.
7. TTfl I� tmMonm�nu4y lii�ntlly� tMu orJy � minul� �naunt ol
p�qldd� b uud� �nd II 4w�� rMtudly ra ch�mk+l rrridw.
Compu� W� wlth tndlifond m�Uwd�. whkh uw 3000 Iim��
ma� pptldd�� md wha� ieilduei an laq 20 yeu�.
7. Beauswnlyunill�mw��iolcAemiulu�uNd,Ihe�drorw
hadlh �Hects uwdilM wiN m�ny p�stidda� u� Hknlna�ed,
�. M Ih� I�imN� eolony if �IimM�IM. whkh 41h� qo� ol TTp, Ih�
d�nper ol rNnl��ulbn it minimltM. wheu� n�nbattllip� u�
oaur wilh YaAiGon�l m�Uwd� 11 a palh Wouph Ih� ch�miW
b�nler opens up.
HOW 001 GEiINVOL4E07
1. TuM Io your neipAbou�� to qel lhem Inwlvtd too, Tha mae
Putidp�nu w� haw In yow aiea. the bolta our Man«� ol
+u�ua. Than up Ihe Te�miu lib H 97&2�07 to pel Iha
necetury Icrme.
2 5pn �n �utAalt��on lam and roturn il to Ihe 1�6.
x w. �„n se� up �n appolnlmml Ia Inp inttalt�tion. Th�
Iwlioa ol the Irap� wi11 b� iecromed on � m�p ol your qopeny.
�. TM Vipf wiA be ehecweA bimanthly, and Iha lamltes
cdleNed.
& When wtlid�nl numDen ol Iamiln har� been cotlenaO,
UuMenU v�ill G wd�d ou4 uW th� truled lermllu will b�
rdusW bxk InW yow prop�iry,
0. iM ula u� monilaed undl iha �nd ol Ih� teason,
7. SI� rnull� ue wmmuleed �nd presenled in November or
Oecember.
e. F�+�p ��Wio w wiied oul In the seeond �yu.
9. Tupf may M ��mowd �t any pm�� but plus� tlo not nmov�
Y�pt wtlh r�M�s� por� IWt.
10. Gq tM T„rMl� (ib (9i&21Q7) a Dr. Tim Myte� rol&5755J
II you Ma any qwWon�.
HOW AqE TNE TTR TNIALS FUNOEOT
� TM inmil� W iealwf lunainp Irom �hre� wwas:
1. TM Munklpal BuiWy�y pepWmanb of ToronW, 6st YorF,
Nat� YorM, Snrborouph, and YaN (therMa� only residenb ol
N�a dtl�� ve el'qibl� la Indusbn In our triil��,
2 Th� Onluk� AGniclryol Fsvironment W Enerpy.
�. FMC c«p«,uon
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