HomeMy WebLinkAboutX2023-013-051A Chronology of
Frenchman's Bay, Ontario
Latitude 43149,00 Longitude 79,05,00
Township of Pickering
In The Years
1615 - 1763
Frenchman's Bay, Ontario
on the North Shore of Lake Ontario - Township of Pickering
Name approved by the Secretariat of Geographical Names for Canada on June 12,
1975
Lake Ontario
"Nearly South of this Neutral Nation there is a great Lake about 200 leagues in
circuit, named Erie, which is formed by the discharge of the Fresh Sea and which
precipitates itself by a cataract of frightful height into a third lake, named Ontario,
which we call Lake St. Louis"
Relations des Hurons - 1648
Lake Ontario also called SKANADARIO by the Iroquois meaning "a very pretty
lake"
Father Louis Hennepin - 1698
Lake Ontario marked as SKANIADORIO on the Coronelli Map of 1688
Lake Ontario was called Lake of the ONTOUORONONS by the Hurons
Pioneers of France - Parkman
Footnote 2 page 373
2
Frenchman's Bay
No written records of this area seems to be available until 1669 although Brule saw Lake
Ontario in 1615 and Champlain the same year at a later date. Traders and voyageurs saw
this area without a doubt but they left no records of their travels. The Recollets and later
the Jesuits followed the Ottawa River route on their way to Huronia.
References to Frenchman's Bay and the Seneca Village of GANATSEKWYAGON which
was here or near here are found in many history books. A few of these follow:
3
George Monro Grant 1882
"An Indian village a few miles West of Whitby Harbour. The village looked out on a wide
and land -locked mere, which every summer was fringed anew with floating milfoil and pond -
lilies. This peaceful bayou was so little moved by the Great Lake that the stormiest wrath
outside awoke but a soft response within. Out of this quiet bayou Pickering Harbour has
been formed in our day and the entrance has been dredged, and widened, and lighted. But
two centuries ago these blue lake waters had not yet been vexed by merchantness, and a
sufficient beacon was found in the natural features of the land. With twilight coming on,
returning waterfowl and canoes would seek the low receding shore midway between
Scarborough Heights and Raby Head.
The Senecas of Pickering Harbour called their village GANDATSETIAGON.
To the west were the well -wooded Heights of Scarborough which the early French called Les
Grandes Ecores. This became "The High Lands" and the stream Highland Creek.
A little to the west of the Seneca Village was a stream that gave shelter to canoes and so the
Indians of the next century and a different race called it "KATABOKOKONK" or River of
Easy entrance.
Leaving the new mission of Kente, Fenelon reached the Seneca village that overlooked
Pickering Harbour. What Indian name that quiet mere bore we know not but
thenceforward for two centuries it was "Frenchman's Bay".
Rev. W.R. Wood 1911
Description of Frenchman's Bay taken from Picturesque Canada by Grant.
4
William A. McKay 1961
"76nelon went west with the Senecas to their village. Here near the shore of Frenchman's
Bay he spent what was one of the worst winters on record (1669-1670) at the village of
GANATSEKWYAGON which lay just east of the mouth of the Rouge River."
For Pre -History read Chapter I of the above.
Robert R. Bonis 1968
"That summer some Senecas from GANATSEKWYAGON came to Kent6 to ask for a
black -robed teacher and F6nelon paddled up the lake with them to their village near the
Rouge. Here he spent the winter of 1669-1670 with the Indians on the shore of Frenchman's
Bay, whose name commemorates his residence there and the Suplician Mission - the first
recorded occupation of the Toronto neighbourhood by white men."
For Pre -History see Chapters I & II of the above.
Leo A. Johnson 1973
"F6nelon - the name Frenchman's Bay still commemorates him, near its shores his school,
the first in Pickering Township and Ontario County was erected."
Boyle 1896
Refers to Picturesque Canada by Grant for a description of Frenchman's Bay.
5
Edwin C. Guillet 1957
p.166 - footnote
"The modern name Fenelon Falls recalls Francois de Salignac de Fenelon, explorer and
Suplician missionary who spent the winter of 1669-1670 at the Seneca village of
Ganatsekwygon (opening in sand cliffs) to the east of Riviere Rouge and Frenchman's Bay.
The latter name commemorates the event - the first recorded residence of a white man in the
vicinity of Toronto."
J.E. Farewell 1907
"East of the mouth of the Rouge is Frenchman's Bay. Over 230 years ago a tribe of Seneca
Indians lived here and this Bay is marked on an old French map with the Indian name
GANDATSDHAGON. It is the site of the first school in the Province of Ontario. In 1669
and 1670, it was visited by two Suplician missionaries F6nelon and Trouve."
Edwin C. Guillet
"There were Suplician missions at or near the mouths of these rivers. One was established
in 1668 at the Cayuga village of Kent6, another GANNEIOUS near the mouth of the
Napanee River, a third GANARASKE on the site of Port Hope, a fourth
GANDAISKIAGON at Frenchman's Bay."
H.F. Gardiner
"In the autumn of 1668, two Suplicians, Messieurs Fenelon and Trouv6 established a mission
at a village of the Cayuges on the Bay of Quinte. Abb6 Fenelon spent parts of 1669-1670
at Pickering Harbour which for two centuries bore the name of Frenchman's Bay."
Province of Ontario 1615-1927
rol
Middleton Vol. II
"Frenchman's Bay near Pickering is a name reminding us that Abbe F6nelon, a Suplician
of the Kent6 mission of 1668 spent a whole winter teaching the Indians not only religion,
but the French language."
"First recorded residence of Europeans in the Toronto area was not established by English
settlers in 1793 but by French adventures in 1669 at a site still celebrated as Frenchman's
Bay."
Percy J. Robinson 1933
"The latter (Fenelon) in company with another missionary M. de Urfe passed the winter of
1669 and 1670 in the village of GANATSEKWYAGON, a fact which is commemorated by
the name Frenchman's Bay which clings to the inlet near the mouth of the Rouge. This is
the first recorded residence of white man in the neighbourhood of Toronto."
GANDATSCHEKIAGON as it is sometimes spelled may mean "sand cut" ie., opening in
sand cliffs from GANDECHIA - sand and GAIAGON - cut. May also mean "break in
cliffs" as suggested by Prof. Wm. Allen - Pickering Tweedsmuir.
Summary of the Quinte Mission - A History of Montreal 1640-1692 by Dollier de Casson
translated by R. Flenley (Toronto 1928).
"In the spring of 1669 M. de 176nelon went down to Montreal. On his return, he brought
with him another missionary M. d'U66. After his arrival, he went to winter in the village
of GANDASITEIAGON inhabited by a separate branch of the Senecas who had come to
the north shore of which we were in charge."
7
1608-1618 Champlain enlisted a number of young men for service in New France. He
planned to educate them as interpreters along with Bru16 were Nicollet,
Marsolet, Hertel and Marguerie.
Annals of the Ottawa - Benjamin Sult&
1609 Champlain and eleven men joined a war party against the Iroquois to Lake
Champlain. Left May 28 and met the Iroquois on July 29.
Pioneers of France in the New World - Parkman
1610 Bru16, 18 years old was the first white man in Huronia.
Etienne Bru16 - J.H. Cranston
1611 Nicolas De Vignau wintered on Allumette Island, Ottawa River with an
Algonquin Chief Tessouat.
Canadian Dictionary of Biography - Marcel Trudel
1613 Champlain went up the Ottawa River accompanied by de Vignau, 3
Frenchmen, 1 Indian in 2 canoes. They left on May 27 and met with Chief
Tessouat in the Pembroke area.
Pioneers of France in the New World - Parkman
1615 The Recollets reach New France at the end of May. The four men were
DENIS JAMET, JEAN DOLBEAU, JOSEPH le CARON AND
PACIFIQUE DUPLESSIS'.
Le Caron left with Hurons for Huronia with 12 well armed Frenchmen, ahead
of Champlain and Br016'.
Champlain followed later with 2 canoes, 10 Indians, another Frenchmen and
Bru16 to the Huron Country and the town of OTOUACHA'.
Champlain later went to the village of CARRHAGOUHA and there on
August 12 with Father le Caron the first Mass in Huronia was celebrated'.
On September 8, Champlain and Bru16 parted. Br016 with 12 Hurons probably
came down the Toronto Carrying Place which ended at the mouth of the
Humber River. This would make Bru16 the first white man on record to view
Lake Ontario2.
Champlain and the Hurons followed the Trent River to Lake Ontario making
Champlain the second white man to see this lake. On this journey, the 500
warriors took part in a deer hunt during which a Frenchman shot one of the
Hurons. The war party crossed Lake Ontario and attacked a Seneca village
on the South side of the lake and then withdrew. Champlain had been
wounded in the battle and had to be carried in a basket for a time. They
wintered for a time at a lake N or NW of Kingston before returning to
Huronia on December 23rd. Champlain became lost at this camp. He had
left his compass in camp but after 3 nights out, he rejoined his Hurons and
Chief Durantal'.
Champlain wintered at LOUGHBOROUGH LAKE and CATARAQUI
CREEKS.
1. Pioneers of France in the New World - Parkman.
2. Toronto During the French R6gime - P.S. Robinson.
3. Province of Ontario 1615-1927 - Middleton - Vol. I.
6
1623 Le Caron joined by two other Recollet missionaries, Nicolas Viel and Gabriel
Sagard.
1625 Jesuits arrive in New France; Charles Lalemant, Enemond Masse and Jean de
Br6beuf.
1626 Jesuits Anne de Noue and Philbert Noyrot arrive.
1629 British under Sir David Kirke capture Quebec.
1632 The colony handed back to France. Jesuits Le Jeune and De Noue return.
1633 Champlain returns to New France with four more Jesuits; Br6beuf, Masse,
Daniel and Davost.
1634 Br6beuf, Daniel and Davost left for Huronia, a trip that would take 30 days.
1635 Champlain died 25th December at Quebec.
1634-1650 The period of the Jesuits in Huronia. The Iroquois attacks on the Hurons
began in 1648. Fort St. Marie was abandoned and the mission moved to
Christian Island. In June 1650, it was vacated and all Frenchmen and about
300 Hurons left. In 1649, there were 18 Jesuit Priests, 4 Lay Brothers, 23 men
without pay, 7 hired men, 8 soldiers and 4 boys in Huronia. During this
period, five of the missionaries were killed by the Iroquois:
Antoine Daniel, July 4th, 1648 in Huronia
Jean de Br6beuf, March 16, 1649 at St. Ignace, Huronia
Gabriel Lalemant, March 17, 1649 at St. Ignace, Huronia
Charles Gamier, December 7, 1649 at St. Jean, Huronia
Noel Chabanel, December 8, 1649 in Huronia
Another Jesuit, Isaac Jogues was killed by the Iroquois in New York State on
October 18, 1646. He was accompanied by Jean de La Lande who was killed
probably the next day. On a previous trip with Jogues, Ren6 GOUPIL was
killed September 22, 1642.
Note: The preceding information with regards to the Recollet and Jesuit Missionaries is
drawn from "The Dictionary of Canadian Biography Vol. I" and "The Jesuits in
North American" by Parkman.
10
1615 - 1649 Huron Period
1649 - 1673 Iroquois Period
Ont. Historical Society Vol. 29, 1933
The 5-Nations of the Iroquois formed about 1570
Mowhawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondaga and Oneida
The 6-Nations about 1722 with the Tuscaroras
Parkman - The Jesuits in North America
Villages on the north side of Lake Ontario:
Ganneious
Kente
Kentsio
Ganaraske
Ganatsekwyagon
Teiagon
Tinawatoua
- Napanee
- Oneida
- Bay of Quinte
- Cayuga
- Rice Lake
- Cayuga
- Port Hope
- Cayuga
- Frenchman's Bay
- Seneca
- Humber River
- Seneca
- Westover (Ont.)
- Seneca
Ont. Historical Society, Vols. 4 & S - 1903-1904
1654 Father Simon LeMoyne, a Jesuit, ascended the upper St. Lawrence to reach
Lake Ontario; the first white man to use that route.
Toronto During the French Regime - Robinson
1657 Four members of the Suplician Order arrived in New France, Messrs. de
Queylus, Souart, d'Allet and Galinier. They founded the Seminaire de Saint-
Suplice at Montreal.
The Oxford Companion to Canadian History
1665 The Carignan-Salieres Regiment arrived in New France after 61 days from La
Rochelle France.
The Good Regiment 1665-1668 - Verney - 1991
11
1667 Pere may have visited the Toronto area.
P. Robinson
1668 Thubieres de Levy de Queylus, Gabriel, B 1612 D 1677
Founder and first Superior of the S&minaire de Saint-Suplice at Montreal,
appointed Trouv6 and F6nelon to found the Mission Kent& on the Bay of
Quinte. They left Montreal on Oct. 2 and arrived at Kent& Oct. 28. Kent&
was a Cayuga village near Weller's Bay. `
1669 "M. de F6nelon went down to Montreal and on his return he brought with
him another missionary, M. d'Urf6. After his arrival he went to winter in the
village of Gandasiteiagon, inhabited by a separate branch of the Senecas who
had come to the north shore of which we were in charge."
` Dollier de Casson - A History of Montreal 1640-1672
Mission at Kent6 had 3 outposts:
Ganneious - Napanee
Ganerask& - Port Hope
Ganatsetiagon - east of the Rouge, probably Frenchman's Bay
Ont. Historical Society, Vol. S - 1904
From the following notes it would seem to indicate that 176nelon came to Ganatsekwyagon
by himself.
"In the Spring of 1669 M. de F6nelon went down to Montreal. On his return he
brought with him another missionary M. d'U66. After his arrival he went to winter
in the village of Gandasiteiagon inhabited by a separate branch of the Senecas who
had come to the north shore of which we were in charge."
Summary of the Quinte Mission - A History of Montreal 1640-1692 by Dollier
de Casson
2. Instead of spending the winter with his companions 176nelon went to teach the
Indians of Gandasteiagon.
Dictionary of Canadian Biography - Oli vier Ma ura ult
IV►A
3. F6nelon's experience by the Whitby shore must have been worse than his brethren
at Kent& for he had no one with whom to share his thoughts and suffering.
Picturesque Canada - George Munro Grant
4. Francois de Salignac - F6nelon, Suplician: Son Memoire sur le Canada, 1670 par
Armand Yon. See pages 147 and 163, also footnote 25, p 149.
5. Gandatseteiagon, an outpost of Kent6 at la Baie des Francais.
"Aver lui it remonta a Kent6 (F6nelon and d'U66). La Us trouverent une d6putation
du village de Gandatseteiagon. C'6taient des Sonnontouans millants guerriers
d6tach6s du Canton des Cinq Nations. Its demandaient des missionaires pour
apprendre d'eux la priere. Apres une consultation de trois missionaires cette grace
leur fat accord6e et M de F6nelon partit seul avec eux."`
' Le Mission Ephemere de KeW6 par Pierre Rousseau Bulletin de L'Association des
Anciens Eleves du College de Montreal.
See also "The Kent6 Mission" by D.R. Taylor.
1669 Talon sent Joliet and P6r6 to look for copper at Lake Superior. They left on
this trip May or June. On the Dollier-Galin6e map of 1670 it shows opposite
Ganatsekiagouns the note, "It was here that M. Perray and his party camped
to enter Lake Huron, when I have seen the passage I will give it; however it
is said the road is very fine and it is here the missionaries of St. Suplice will
establish themselves."
Ont. Historical Society, Vol IV - 1903 - Part I
1669 On July 6, La Salle, Galin6e and de Casson left LaChine in seven canoes and
twenty-four men. Followed the south shore of Lake Ontario and then to the
Seneca village of Otinawatawa a few miles NW of Hamilton which they
reached on September the 24th.
La Salle - Parkman
"At last we arrived at Tinawatawa on Sept. 24 and found that the Frenchman
who had arrived the day before was a man named Joliet, who had left
Montreal before us with a fleet of four canoes loaded with goods for the
13
Ottawas and had orders from the Governor (Talon) to go up as far as Lake
Superior to discover the situation of a copper mine."
Ont. Historical Society, Vol. IV - 1903 - Part I
Joliet left the group to return to Montreal. La Salle left the group also to
return. Galin6e and de Casson left the village on Oct. 1, 1669 and wintered
near Port Dover on Lake Erie. In the Spring they returned to Montreal via
Lake St. Clair, Lake Huron and the Ottawa River after a trip of 347 days
arriving on June 18th.
Ont. Historical Society, Vol. IV - 1903 - Part I
For more information regarding the Kent& Mission see:
I For the Glory of God: The Quinte Mission 1668 - 1680
by James S. Pritchard
Ontario History Vol. LXV No III - 1973
II The Abbe UU66 in Quebec and Ontario
Ontario History Vol. LIII p 146
III The Kent& Mission 1668 - 1680
by David R. Taylor - 1968
IV The Royal Fort Frontenac
The Champlain Society 1958 pp 3 - 16
13
1670 Galin6e and de Casson sent a letter back with Joliet for F6nelon. It asked for
"black robes" for Tinawatawa. Trouv6 visited this village in November.
Ont. Historical Society, Vol IV - 1903 - Part I
Possibly Trouv6 would visit Ganatsekwyagon either going or returning from
Tinawatawa from the Kent6 mission.
1670 When Galin6e and de Casson returned from this trip of nearly a year Galin6e
made a map of their travels. This would be the first map of the Upper Lakes
made first hand.
As Galin6e did not follow the north shore of Lake Ontario it is possible that
this section was filled in by F6nelon as Galin6e explains that he only put on
the map what he saw. There are five variations of the Dollier-Galin6e map
in the Public Archives.
The Faillon and Margy copies say of Ganatsekiagouns "Mr. Perot's
camp" instead of M. Perray" and "Here the missionaries of St. Suplice
established themselves" instead of "will establish themselves" (see Joliet & P&6
1669). The Gravier copy has a representation of a tepee or wigwam with flag,
on the shore of Lake Ontario opposite the legend Ganatsekiagouns.
Galinee's Narrative and Map, Translator and Editor - James H. Coyne
1671 M. d'Urf6 at a mission called Ganeraske.
History of Montreal 1640-1672 - Dollier de Casson
1674 "F6nelon arraigned before the Council in Quebec along with Perrot. Charged
with disobeying royal edicts, instigating sedition and resisting royal authority.
Both returned to France accompanied by Abb6 d'Urf6 for the king to resolve
the matter.
F6nelon was sustained in his claim to be judged by an ecclesiastical
tribunal, but his Superior, Breton Villiers forbade him to return to Canada
and the king approved the prohibition."
Frontenac and New France - Parkman
176nelon was replaced at Kent6 by Louis -Armand Champion de Cic& who was
in Canada from 1674 - 1681.
Michel Barth6lemy was another Suplician at Kent6 for about seven years.
14
1674 English and Dutch traders from Choueguen (Oswego) were using the
Ganatsekwyagon trail to get to Lake Simcoe and trade with the Ottawas.
Frontenac to Colbert, Nov. 12, 1674
1675 Iroquois were leaving the north shore of Lake Ontario.
1678 La Salle established the first shipyard on Lake Ontario. He built four small
sailing vessels rigged as brigantines or barques, being from 10 - 40 tons. The
first sailed from Fort Frontenac 18 Nov. 1678. In Dec. 1678 La Salle and de
Tonty followed in a brigantine of 20 tons. In 1687 there were 3 small sailing
vessels on the lake, one of which was called a barque.
Ont. Historical Society, Vol. XXIII - 1926
1678 Father Louis Hennepin sails past Scarborough Bluffs in ship Frontenac on
route to Niagara from Fort Frontenac. They put in at Teiagon on Nov. 27th
and were there until Dec. 5 before leaving for Niagara. He calls the Lake
Skandario.
A New Dictionary of a Vast Country in America
Father Louis Hennepin - 1698
1678 - 1679 Ship "Griffon" built and set sail on Lake Erie on Aug. 7. First ship on the
Great Lakes other than Lake Ontario. Built for La Salle.
1680 Mission at Kent& ordered abondonded by Abb Louis Tronson.
1682 The Suplicians officially left the Kent& mission.
The Quinte Mission - Preston and Lamontagne
1685 A trading party under a young Dutchman, Johannes Rooseboom from Albany
and consisting of eleven canoes trade their way to Machinac to trade, guided
by Abel Marion Lafontaine. The first occasion when white men other than
Frenchmen appeared on the Upper Lakes.
Toronto During the French Regime - Robinson
1687 A force from New York of Dutch and English under Col. Patrick
MacGregorie left Oswego to attack Michilmackinac and went via the Toronto
passage. Perhaps they used the eastern trail from Ganatsekywgon.
Toronto During the French Regime - Robinson
14
GALINEE'S MAP OF THE GREAT LAKES REGION IN 1670
Thirty-six years ago when Dr. J. H. Coyne published his edition of Galin6e's
narrative and map of his explorations in the lake region in 1669 and 1670 he
commented upon the fact that the second and more detailed map which was
sent to France late in the autumn of 1670 had disappeared. "It is of course
possible," he wrote, "that the map has been merely mislaid and may reappear
unexpectedly at some future time." The DeLisle portfolio in the Public
Archives in Ottawa consists of a number of photostats of documents and
maps selected from Portfolio JJ75 in the Archives Nationales in Paris. While
studying this collection in Ottawa in June, 1938, 1 recognized the missing
map, P-"e 75-P' 206. The outline of the newly recovered map while in the
main identical with the earlier map is much more detailed, while the legends
are quite different and add some new information in regard to the lake
region. More especially details along the north shore of Lake Ontario have
been added with a delineation of the region between the Bay of Quinte and
the Georgian bay. Lake Simcoe appears for the first time as Lac Tar8nteau
and the Severn river curiously enough as R de la Ronteau. There is also an
interesting note on the Gandatsekiagouns portage from the mouth of the
River Rouge, which the map informs us was now beginning to be used as an
approach to the Sault in preference to the route by the Ottawa river.
Meridian lines are marked; a line slightly to the west of the mouth of the
Grand river is marked 294 with the legend "pour une ligne meridiene tire le
25 mars." Galinee's second map now recovered must have been in the hands
of the geographer Danville in 1755 when he published his Canada, Louisiane
et Terres Angloises. A comparative study of Sanson's map of 1656,
DuCreux's map of 1660, and the second Galinee map of 1670 will probably
lead to increased knowledge of the Indian place-names in the lake region and
of the localities occupied by the various tribes in the seventeenth century.
PERCY J. ROBINSON
A �L't� D r �✓ hr/S i ,Q� cA L t�CYi WVOLX
15
1687 Dennonville left Fort Frontenac July 4 with 400 bateaux and canoes - met
Durantaye at Irondequoit Bay. At this point Dennonville had nearly 3,000
men under his command. Met the Seneca on July 12 about 3 p.m. - withdrew
July 24. On to Niagara where he built a fort. Left 100 men under de Troyes
there and returned to Montreal.
Frontenac & New France - Parkman
Dennonville left the Fort at Niagara on Aug. 3rd.
"Aug. 5 - The storm of wind and rain prevented us leaving in the morning,
but at noon the weather cleared up and we advanced 7 to 8 leagues and
arrived at a place Ganatsekwyagon to which I had sent forward our Christian
Indians from below. We found them with 200 deer they had killed, a good
share of which they gave to our army, that thus profited by this fortunate
chase." `
Vaudreuil followed Dennonville later with more troops.
"We crossed Lake Ontario from S - N where it is 4 leagues wide, with a light
breeze which made waves like the sea. Where we landed we had a pleasant
sight, for a quarter of a league along the shore all the trees had a skinned
roebuck hanging from the branches. M. de Troye died there of dyssentry.
After coasting past Tehiagon and calling at Kente we reached Kataraky." `
` Toronto During the French Regime - Robinson
After leaving Ganatsekywgon Dennonville stopped on Aug. 6 at Cobourg.
Picturesque Canada - G.M. Grant
1717 Alphonse de Tonti while crossing Lake Ontario on his way to Niagara met
nine canoes going to Albany to trade and two days later he met seventeen
more.
Severance - An Old Frontier of France, Vol. I
1722 English establish a post at Choueguen
History of Toronto & York County - Hathaway
16
1726 The French build two small schooners for service on Lake Ontario between
Fort Frontenac and Fort Niagara.
Pioneer Travel - E. Gullet
1726 The English build a permanent post at Choueguen or Oswego. The first
permanent English post on the Great Lakes.
Toronto During the French Regime - Robinson
1743 French had four ships on Lake Ontario.
Ont. Historical Society, Vol XXIII - 1926
1749 de Lery was making astronomical observations between Montreal and Detroit
under Captain de Sabrevois. In the afternoon on June 29th they came ashore
at the mouth of the Rouge as they journeyed along the north shore of Lake
Ontario.
Toronto During the French Regime - Robinson
1751 Another Frenchman who may have seen Frenchman's Bay as he coasted along
the north shore of Lake Ontario was Abbe Piquet. He and his party arrived
at Fort Toronto on June 26th.
Montcalm and Wolfe - Parkman
1754 An expedition under Captain Contrecoeur left Quebec on Jan. 15th, Montreal
on Feb. 3rd and arrived at Fort Niagara Feb. 25th. They followed the north
shore of Lake Ontario and "there were long stretches where many of the
soldiers skated in single file drawing seven or eight sledges one after the other
with men on them, making in this way as much as 20 leagues." This
expedition would pass by Frenchman's Bay.
Toronto During the French Regime - Robinson
1755 First British warship on Lake Ontario launched at Oswego. It was 40-ft lg.
and carried 12 swivel guns. Rigged with sails and 14 oars in case of no wind.
Toronto During the French Regime - Robinson
1756 The Seven Year's War began between Great Britain and France.
17
1756 Montcalm's Journal gives four armed ships on Lake Ontario:
Marquise de Vaudreuil - 20 guns
Hurault - 14 guns
Louise - 6 guns
St. Victor - 4 guns
Ont. Historical Society, Vol XXIII
1756 British Ships on Lake Ontario:
London - 60 ft. - brigantine
Halifax - 60 ft. - brigantine
Mowhawk - sloop
Ont. Historical Society, Vol XXIII
1756 French naval ships on Lake Ontario:
Marquise de Vaudreuil 8 - 8 pdr cannon
8 - 6 pdr cannon
8 - 2 pdr swivels
Crew 30, 50 soldiers, 1 officer
Commanded by Sr. la Force
The Huron 8 - 6 pdr cannon
4 - 4 pdr cannon
6 - swivels
Crew of 24, 40 soldiers, 1 officer
Commanded by Sr. la Broquerie
A Schooner 6 - 4 pdr cannon
6 - 3 pdr cannon
4 - swivels
Crew 16, 25 soldiers, 2 Sergeants
A Bateau 2 - 6 pdr cannon
4 - 2 pdr cannon
4 - swivels
Crew of 12, 20 soldiers, 2 Sergeants
Royal Fort Frontenac
In
1757 Oct. 4 - Map of Lake Ontario by Labroquerie shows the following vessels:
Le Moncalm
Les Evive
Le George
Le Vigillent
Lactrasquence
La Marquisse de Vaudreuil
Le Victort
La Huralt
La Louisse
1758 Lt. Col. Bradstreet with 3,000 men attacked Fort Frontenac on Aug. 25; the
French garrison surrendered on Aug. 27. Of nine French armed vessels on
Lake Ontario seven were burned at Frontenac and two taken to Oswego and
later burnt.
Montcalm and Wolfe - Parkman
1759 On July 6, British forces under Brigadier Prideaux began the seige of the
French fort at Niagara. The French under Captain Pouchot capitulated on
July 25. Prideaux was killed during the seige and Sir William Johnson
assumed command.
from Johnson's Journal: July 28 - "The evening of the 29th I sent three whale
boats with a party of about 30 men to reconnoitre Fort Toronto and on their
return propose to send to destroy it."
July 30 - "At night Lieut. Francis returned from Toronto and reported
that the enemy had burned and abandoned the post and destroyed many
things they could not take along, viz working utensils, arms, etc."
Knox's Historical Journal, Vol III
1759 Sept. 13 - Battle of the Plains of Abraham.
1763 Peace of Paris and end of Seven Year's War. Canada formerly ceded to Great
Britain.
19
Early Ships on Lake Ontario
Four ships were sailing on Lake Ontario before 1679. In 1725 two barques of fifty tons
each were laid down at Fort Frontenac.'
The Barque Griffon
This ship did not sail on Lake Ontario but the story of its building gives one some idea of
construction in those early days. The ship was built for La Salle at Cayuga Creek, Niagara
River.z Built by master shipbuilder Moyse Hillaret, brought from France. Frame was of
4-in oak timbers, planking 2-in oak. Keel laid January 26, 1679. Ship was about 65-ft. lg.,
15-ft. wd., about 60 ton. Carried several cannons including two brass ones. Set sail on
Lake Erie on August 7, 1679. Thirty-four men on board including La Salle, Father
Hennepin, Father Ribourde, Father Zenobe and pilot Luc. They reached Green Bay on
Lake Michigan. Here it was loaded with furs and La Salle sent his ship back to Niagara
under command of the pilot and five men. The ship sailed on September 18th and was
never seen again.' It was carrying a load of 1,200 lbs. of fur when it left Green Bay. La
Salle placed the value of the ship and its cargo at 60,000 francs.4
Life in Ontario - G.P. De T. Glazebrook
Z N. Story - The Oxford Comparison to Canadian History
3 Father Louis Hennepin - A New Discovery of a Vast Country in America
4 The Barque Griffon - Toronto Telegram
20
Brief sketches of persons mentioned in this chronology follow. Most of the material is taken
from the "Dictionary of Canadian Biography". Full accounts of the lives of these people are
to be found in the DCB.
ALLET, ANTOINE
B 1634 France, D some time after 1693 in France. Suplician priest. Secretary to
Abbe Queylus.
ATIRONTA, DURANTAL
One of the principal chiefs of the Hurons in 1615. Lived at Cahiagu&. Accompanied
Champlain in 1615 on the attack of the Iroquois.
BARTHELEMY, MICHEL
B 1638 France, D 11 April 1706 at Montreal. Suplician priest. With Trouv6 and
Fenelon at Kent&.
BRADSTREET, JOHN
B 1711, D 1774. Lieut-Colonel in British Army. Captured Fort Frontenac in 1758
and led the force that relieved Detroit which was besieged by Indians under Pontiac
in 1764.
BREBEUF, JEAN DE
B 25 March 1593 France. Killed 16 March 1649 at St. Ignace in Huronia. Jesuit
priest.
BREHAUNT de GALINEE
B 1645 France, D 1678 in Europe. Suplician priest. He and Dollier de Casson
explored the South shore of Lake Ontario on to Lake Erie where they spent the
winter of 1669-70. He produced one of the first to be published maps of the area
they had travelled.
21
BRISAY de DENNONVILLE, JACQUES-RENE de
B 10 December 1637, D 22 September 1710 France. Governor of New France 1685-
1689. Led an expedition against the Iroquois south of Lake Ontario in 1687. The
expedition returned along the north shore of the Lake and on August 5 they stopped
at Ganatsekwyagon.
BRULE, ETIENNE
B 1592 France, killed at Toanche-Huronia in June 1633. Apparently came to
Canada with Champlain in 1608. Spent the winter of 1610 with Algonkins and
winter of 1612 with the Hurons. Went with Champlain in 1615 to Georgian Bay and
Lake Huron. Came down the Toronto Portage in 1615 and would be the first
recorded white man to see Lake Ontario. Probably saw Lake Erie, visited Lake
Superior and may have seen Lake Michigan. Brule was killed by the Hurons at
Toanche on Penetanguishene Bay, Ontario.
BUADE DE FRONTENAC ET DE PALLUAU, LOUIS DE
B 22 May 1622 France, D 28 November 1698 Quebec. Governor of New France
1672-1682 and 1689-1698. Built Fort Cataraqui (later called Fort Frontenac).
CAVELIER DE LA SALLE, RENE-ROBERT
B 21 November 1643 France, murdered 19 March 1687 in Texas. Explorer, founder
of Lachine. Discovered the mouths of the Mississippi River. Responsible for
building the Griffon the first ship launched on Lake Erie.
CHABANEL, NOEL
B 2 February 1613 France, killed by the Hurons on 8 December 1649. Jesuit priest.
CHAMPION DE CICE, LOUIS-ARMAND
B 1648 France, D 1727 Siam. Suplician priest. Replaced F6nelon at Kent6.
CHAMPLAIN, SAMUEL DE
B 1570 France, D 25 December 1637 at Quebec. Father of New France. Explorer,
founded Quebec in 1608. Discovered Lake Champlain. Up the Ottawa River to
Allumette Island in 1612. Up the Ottawa River to Huronia in 1615, then down the
Trent River - across Lake Ontario to attack the Iroquois.
22
CHAUSSEGROS DE LERY, GASPARD JOSEPH
B 20 July 1721 Quebec, D 11 December 1797. Quebec Military Engineer. In 1749
sent from Montreal to Detroit on a reconnaissance mission.
DANIEL, ANTOINE
B 27 May 1601 France, killed 4 July 1648 in Huronia. Jesuit priest.
DAVOST, AMBROISE
B 13 November 1586 France, D 27 September 1643 at sea. Jesuit priest.
DOLBEAU, JEAN
B 2 March 1586 France, D 1652 France. Recollet priest. Reached New France in
1615.
DOLLIER DE CASSON, FRANCOIS
B 1636 France, D 27 September 1701 at Montreal. Suplician. Accompanied by
Galinee in 1669-70 along South shore of Lake Ontario, wintered on the North shore
of Lake Erie. Returned to Montreal via Lake Huron, Georgian Bay and the Ottawa
River. Wrote a history of Montreal.
DUPLESSIS, PACIFIQUE
B France, D August 1619 Quebec. Recollet missionary. One of the four founding
members of the mission in Quebec.
GALINIER, DOMINIQUE
Suplician priest. One of the first four of this order to arrive in New France in the
summer of 1657.
GARNIER, CHARLES
B 1605 or 1616 France, killed 7 December 1649 in Huronia. Jesuit missionary.
GOUPIL, RENE
B 13 May 1608 France, killed 29 September 1642 at Ossernenon, N.Y. Jesuit
missionary.
23
JAMET, DENIS
D 1625 in France. Recollet priest. Came to New France in 1615 with Fathers Le
Caron, Jean Dolbeau and Pacifique Duplessis.
JOGUES, ISSAC
B 10 January 1607 France, killed 18 October 1646 at Ossernenon, N.Y. Jesuit
missionary.
JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM
B 1715 Ireland, D 1774. Superintendent General of Indian Affairs. In 1759 he took
over command of the operation against Niagara when Brig -General Prideaux was
killed.
JOLLIET, LOUIS
B 1645 Quebec, D 1700 in New France. Discovered the Mississippi River and in
1679 visited James Bay. The Jolliet that accompanied Jean Per6 searching for copper
on Lake Superior may have been Adrien Jolliet, a brother of Louis (Andre Vachon).
KIRKE, SIR DAVID
B 1597 France, D 1654. Seized Quebec from the French in 1629.
LA FORCE, HYPOLITE
B 5 December 1728 New France, D 5 February 1802 New France. Trader,
interpreter, officer in the French Navy on Lake Ontario. A sea captain trading in
the West Indies. In 1775 Captain of Artillery in the Quebec Militia in the defense
of Quebec against the Americans.
LA LANDS, JEAN DE
B France, killed October 18, 1646 in N.Y. while accompanying Father Joques.
LALEMANT, GABRIEL
B 3 October 1610 France, killed 17 March 1649 in Huronia. Jesuit priest.
24
LA RIBOURDE, GABRIEL DE
B 1620 France, killed 1680 in Illinois. Recollet priest.
LASCARIS D'URFE, FRANCOIS-SATURNIN
B 1641 France, D 30 June 1701 France. Suplician missionary. Spent four years at
the mission at Kente.
LE CARON, JOSEPH
B c 1568 France, D 1632 France. Recollet priest - first missionary among the
Hurons.
LE JEUNE, PAUL
B 1591 France, D August 7, 1664 France. Superior to the Jesuits 1632-1639.
Instituted the Jesuit Relations, a valuable source of history in New France.
LE MOYNE, SIMON
B 22 October 1604 France, D 24 November 1665 New France. Jesuit ambassador
of peace to the Iroquois.
MARGUERIE DE LA HAYE, FANCOIS
B 12 October 1612 France, drowned 23 May 1648 at Trois-Rivieres. Interpreter,
guide to the Jesuits. Spent the winter of 1635-36 at Allumentte Island with the
Algonkins.
MARSOLET DE SAINT-AIGNAN, NICOLAS
B 1587, D 15 May 1677 at Quebec. Interpreter, fur trade clerk.
MASSE, ENEMOND
B 3 August 1575 France, D 12 May 1646 New France. Jesuit priest, arrived in New
France 22 May 1611.
NICOLLET DE BELLBORNE, JEAN
B 1598 France, drowned 27 October 1642 New France. Trader, interpreter and first
white man to explore the American Northwest.
25
NOUE, ANNE DE
B 7 August 1587, froze to death February 1 or 2, 1646 near Sorel. Jesuit priest.
Spent the winter with Father Brebeuf in Huronia.
NOYROT, PHILIBERT
B October 1592 France, drowned 24 August 1629 in a shipwreck near St. of Canso.
Jesuit.
PECAUDY DE CONTRACOEUR, CLAUDE PIERRE
B 28 December 1705 Quebec, D 13 December 1775 Quebec. Officer in the colonial
regular troops.
PERE, JEAN
Arrived in New France in June 1660, died some time after November 1699.
Merchant from La Rochelle, explorer, guide, interpreter. Accompanied Jolliet in
1669 to look for a copper mine around Lake Superior.
PICQUET, FRANCOIS
B 4 December 1708 France, D 15 July 1781 France. Suplician priest.
POUCHOT, PIERRE
B 8 April 1712 France, D 8 May 1769 on Corsica. Professional soldier, military
engineer.
RIGUAD DE VAUDREUIL, PHILIPPE DE
B 1643 France, D 10 October 1725 Quebec. Governor of New France for 23 years.
Ordered the trading house at Toronto to be established in 1720.
SAGARD, GABRIEL
B France, D (1650?). Recollet missionary in the Huron country 1623-1624. First
religious historian in Canada.
26
SALIGNAC DE LA MOTHS-FENELON, FRANCOIS DE
B 1641 France, D 1679 France. Suplician priest. In 1668 he and M. Trouve came
to the village at Kent6 where they wintered. In the spring F6nelon returned to
Montreal and then back to Kent6 with his cousin M. Lascaris d'Urf6. He left his
companions at Kent6 and came to Gandaseteiagon to teach the Senecas in the winter
of 1668-69.
SOUART, GABRIEL
B 1611 France, D 8 March 1691 France. Suplician priest. Arrived at Ville Marie
in the summer of 1657.
TALON, JEAN
B 1626 France, D November 1694 France. Intendant of New France 1665-1668.
TESSOUAT (BESOUAT)
Algonkin chief on Allumette Island 1603-1613.
TROUVE, CLAUDE
B 1644 France, D 1704 Nova Scotia. Suplician priest. Directed the mission at Kent6
for 12 years.
TROYES, PIERRE DE
Arrived in Quebec August 1, 1685, D 8 May 1688. Army captain. Under
Dennonville in 1687 against the Senecas. In charge of the garrison at Fort Niagara
in 1687.
VIEL, NICOLAS
B France, drowned in June 1625 in the rapids of the Riviere des Prairies. Recollet
priest. Had been in Huronia with Le Caron and Sagard.
VIGNAU, NICOLAS DE
Came to New France with Champlain before 1612. Wintered with Tessouat on
Allumette Island 1611-12.
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