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HomeMy WebLinkAbout2024-029-0502 0 2 4 WHAT’S INSIDE ▸ When the Fenians invaded Canada in 1866, part of the military response was provided by the militia based in Greenwood, Pickering Township. Even though they never got to face the enemy, every member of that contingent received a medal for their participation. Private Judson Gibson’s medal has survived and has become part of a collection of military memorabilia. ▸ The Regional Municipality of Durham, the Town of Pickering and the Durham Regional Police Services were all created 50 years ago. In celebration, we offer this brief history. ▸ Ernie Coombs, better known as Mr. Dressup, lived for many years in Pickering. With a residence close to the Rouge Valley, he found the community a perfect place to raise his family, and was willing to share with the public what he liked about Pickering. ▸ We continue to republish the stories told by engineer turned farmer, Andrew Glen, in the 1930s as he contends with the triumphs and tribulations of rural life. PICKERING TOWNSHIP HISTORICAL SOCIETY SPRING EDITION VOLUME 31 NUMBERS 1 & 2 by John W. Sabean THE MEDAL A private collector of Canadian military items told me he had a medal that had been given to a member of the Greenwood Militia for the part he played in the Fenian Raid of 1866. On the medal was the name J. Gibson. The collector knew no more about the recipient. Since I had written twice about the Greenwood Militia and the Fenians— once for Pathmaster in 2015, and again for Snapd in 2016 (reprinted in Pathmaster in 2020), I promised to look up the records to see if I could further identify J. Gibson. There are military records that one could access, but a more immediate source is the history of Greenwood—Greenwood Through the Years—written by Mrs. Irven McLean and Beatrice R. McLean in 1960. They wrote (p. 50): “There were probably upwards of fifty men in the Greenwood Militia in 1866. We do not have all of the names, but we do have about half who were recorded at one time or another: Pt. James Adamson, Sr., John Boddy, Sgt. W. Boddy, Pt. Benjamin Boyer, Samuel Brown, D. Burnett, Pt. John Burton, Pt. George Digby, Pt. H. Digby, Pt. Judson Gibson, Pt. Thomas Gibson, Pt. Charles Green, Sgt. Frederick Green, Samuel Green, Adg. Jones, Pt. T.C. McAvoy, Pt. William McKitrick, Pt. Henry McQuoid, Frederick Meen, John Mitchell, Pt. John Ryan, M. Ryan, Pt. Thomas Ryan, Sgt. Joseph Shea, J.J. Smith, Pt. P. Teefy, Capt. William Warren, Jr., Pt. John Wilson, Pt. R. Wilson.” It appears most likely that Private Judson Gibson is the man in question. JUDSON GIBSON Elsewhere, the McLeans identified Gibson (p, 59): “Judson Gibson was the son of William Gibson (d 1847) and Sarah Yeoman, and brother of Yeoman Gibson. The family came to Greenwood in 1838, and settled a 75-acre farm, parts of Lots 7 & 8, Concession 6. Judson Gibson married Carrie Graham and took over the home farm in 1863. Judson and Carrie’s family were: Lena (Mrs. Frank Chapman), Fred W., and Gertrude (Mrs. Fred Disney). Judson Gibson died in 1910.” Judson Gibson was born in Ebberston, Yorkshire, on 5 March 1832. He died on 25 September 1910, at age 78 years, 6 months and is buried in the Salem Cemetery. In the Census of 1861 he was described as a farmer, 27 years of age [sic], Wesleyan Methodist in religion, and lived in a one storey log house. In 1866, when he was involved with the Greenwood Militia in Niagara, he was 34 years old. JUDSON GIBSON’S FENIAN RAID MEDAL, 1866 Obverse of the 1866 Gibson medal. Reverse of the 1866 Gibson medal. Pri v a t e c o l l e c t i o n . P h o t o g r a p h s b y J o h n W . S a b e a n . Snider-Enfield rifle formerly in possession of a Greenwood militiaman.Pr i v a t e c o l l e c t i o n . P h o t o g r a p h b y t h e c o l l e c t o r . 2 THE FENIANS The Fenian Brotherhood was an Irish Catholic Group that hoped to free Ireland. It was founded in the United States in 1858 by John O’Mahony and Michael Doheny. O’Mahony, a Celtic scholar, named the organization after Fianna, the legendary band of Irish warriors led by Fionn mac Cumhaill. THE GREENWOOD MILITIA The Fenians believed that by carrying out raids on Canadian soil they could force Britain to withdraw from Ireland. Their first raid was made on 1 June 1866, when approximately 1000 to 1300 Fenians crossed the Niagara River into Ontario. Canadian militia men were sent out to intercept them. Among the local militia groups that responded to the call to defend Canada from the Fenian Raids was the Greenwood Militia, led by its commander, William Warren, Jr. As Warren remembered it: “In the spring of 1866 I was ordered to take my company of volunteers and the Uxbridge company and proceed to Niagara-on-the-Lake, to relieve two companies of militia from Quebec which had got into disgrace with the civic authorities of that town. We remained in Butler’s Barracks in that town until May 20th when we were recalled.” But then Warren continued: “On June 2, 1866, we were again ordered out to attack the Fenians who had crossed the border at Fort Erie. We went direct to the suspension bridge at Clifton, and from there to Port Colborne to reinforce the 13th Battalion of Hamilton, which was stationed there after the battle of Ridgeway. I had under my command the Greenwood Infantry Company and the Oshawa Infantry Company.” THE SNIDER RIFLE The same collector referred to above also possesses a Snider rifle like the one shown here. The British .577 Snider-Enfield was a breach-loading rifle. Invented by an American, the Snider-Enfield was one of the most widely used of the Snider varieties and was adopted in 1866 by the British army. From 1866 to the 1880s this firearm was used by the militia in Canada. While the rifle owned by the collector was one used by a member of the Greenwood militia, it is no known exactly by whom— perhaps even by Judson Gibson himself. As a footnote to the above we add this story told to us by PTHS member Gordon Zimmerman. In 1866, his grandfather, Samuel Zimmerman, farmed land in the vicinity of Black Creek on the Niagara Peninsula. According to family tradition the Fenians, on their way to Ridgeway, passed through the Zimmerman land (indicated by the red arrow). According to tales passed down through the family, two of Gordon’s uncles went out to see what all the fuss was about, and managed to have shots fired at them. See the map for details. SOURCES: Mrs. Irven McLean and Beatrice R. McLean. 1960. Greenwood Through the Years. Greenwood: The Greenwood Farm Forum. Pathmaster 17: 3&4 (Summer 2015), 30-32; 26: 3&4 (Fall 2020), 28-29. Wikipedia. A typical militia camp used during the Fenian raids. This one dates from 1870. Lib r a r y a n d A r c h i v e s o f C a n a d a . Map of troop movements related to the Battle of Ridgeway. Pe t e r V r o n s k y , R i d g e w a y ( 2 0 1 1 ) “As of January 1st of this year, the Regional Municipality of Durham celebrated its 50th anniversary. It was formed in 1974 from parts of two former counties, Ontario County and Durham County, and is now one of six regional governments in Ontario with Halton, Niagara, Peel, Waterloo and York. Informally known as Durham Region, the municipality consists of the Townships of Scugog and Uxbridge, the Municipality of Clarington, the Towns of Ajax and Whitby, and the Cities of Oshawa and Pickering. After considering other names, in the end Durham was chosen in honour of John George Lambton, Lord Durham, who is known for his report in the aftermath of the Rebellion of 1837, which eventually led to the formation of the Dominion of Canada in 1867. The first meeting of the Durham Regional Council was held at G.L. Roberts Collegiate and Vocational Institute in Oshawa on 15 October 1973, in preparation for the municipality’s incorporation. The headquarters of the regional government was established in Whitby. In size the municipality is about 2 500 km2, or just under 1 000 square miles. Durham forms the east-end of the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) and part of the Golden Horseshoe region, as well as the eastern end of the 905-area code belt. 3 Lib r a r y a n d A r c h i v e s o f C a n a d a . “THE REGIONAL MUNICIPALITY OF DURHAM TURNS 50” by John W. Sabean Durham Region Logo Portrait of John George Lambton, Lord Durham, Governor of Canada, 1838. 4 Ontario County Map, 1878 5 Pickering Township Map, 1877 Be e r s A t l a s 6 Over the years, Pickering has fallen under a number of jurisdictions. Home District (1788-1849) When Pickering Township was created in 1791, the administrative governing body was the District. For administrative purposes, the country had been divided into Upper and Lower Canada, and within Upper Canada were four Districts—Lunenburgh, Mecklenburg, Hesse and Nassau. Nassau was later renamed Home and this was the District in which Pickering resided. Until 1849, the District was the basis of the country’s administration. In 1849, however, the Districts were abolished and were superseded by the Counties for administrative purposes. Pickering Township, then, was part of York County which was reorganized later to form the United Counties of York, Ontario and Peel until Ontario County became independent.1 The County of Ontario (1854-1974) When Lieutenant Governor John Graves Simcoe created the counties in 1792, they had three basic functions: as ridings for the purpose of elections, as the organizational divisions for the militia, and for land registrations. York County (1792-1851), in 1833 was divided into four Ridings, with Pickering joining Scarborough, Markham and Whitby in the East Riding. Ontario County was organized in January 1854.2 It was composed of the following municipalities: Reach, Brock, Uxbridge, Scott, Scugog, Thorah, Mara and Rama, and the incorporated villages of Port Perry, Uxbridge and Cannington in the north; in the south: Whitby, East Whitby, Pickering, and the Town of Whitby and village of Oshawa. When the Regional Municipality of Durham superseded the County of Ontario in 1974, the West Rouge neighbourhood of Pickering, and the northern townships of Rama and Mara were not part of it.3 The Township of Pickering (1791-1974) In 1791, Provincial Land Surveyor, Augustus Jones was sent out to survey the land westward from the Trent River and to create a series of townships in preparation for settlement. Pickering Township was originally called Edinburgh, but was later renamed Pickering after a town in Yorkshire probably by Mrs. Simcoe, the wife of John Graves Simcoe, the first Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada. As a township, Pickering’s first “Town” meeting for the purposes of choosing officers was held jointly with the Township of Whitby in 1801. The first meeting for the Township of Pickering alone was held in 1811. In size, the township consisted of about 74 660 acres, or just over 30 000 hectares, and as time passed, a number of hamlets & villages emerged large enough to have warranted post offices: Altona, Atha, Audley, Balsam, Brock Road, Brougham, Cherrywood, Claremont, Duffin’s Creek, Dunbarton, Green River, Greenwood, Kinsale, Pickering Village, Port Union, Rouge Hill, and Whitevale.4 Town of Pickering (1974-2000) At the same time as Durham Region was being created, the Township of Pickering was converted to the Town of Pickering. The town, however, was considerably smaller than the township. For one thing, the Town of Ajax had been separated from the rest of Pickering in the aftermath of the Second World War. And, now, the land in the southwest corner of the township, to the west of the Rouge River, was removed from its Pickering connection and added to the Town of Scarborough. The first Mayor of the Town of Pickering was George Ashe, the father of the present Mayor. City of Pickering (2000-) And, then, in the millennial year 2000, Pickering became a city. Durham Region Police Services (DRPS) 1974 also saw the beginning of the Durham Region Police Services, created out of an amalgamation of seven local police forces: Ajax, Bowmanville, Cannington, Oshawa, Pickering, Uxbridge, and Whitby. A brief history of the seven police forces, along with the first quarter century of the history of the DRPS, was written 25 years ago: Durham Regional Police 25th Anniversary 1974-1999 (1999). Note that the policing organization is known as a Service rather than a Force. Notes: 1 For the early administrative history of Ontario as it applied to Pickering see Frederick H. Armstrong. Handbook of Upper Canadian Chronology (1985); J.H. Beers. Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Ontario, Ont. (Toronto, 1877); J.E. Farewell. County of Ontario Short Notes (1907); Leo A. Johnson. History of the County of Ontario 1615-1875 (1973); and William A. McKay. The Pickering Story (1967). 2 An earlier county had, for a short time, gone by the name Ontario: from 1792 to 1800, Ontario County consisted of the islands belonging to Upper Canada in the St Lawrence River. 3 For the story of the creation of Ontario County see “The Struggle for the Creation of Ontario County”, in Pathmaster, 15:1&2 (Summer 2014), 1-5. 4 For the early governance of Pickering Township see Beers (1877); William R. Wood. Past Years in Pickering (1911); and “Minutes of the Court of General Quarter Sessions of the Peace for the Home District, 13th March, 1800 to 28th December, 1811”, in Alexander Fraser. Twenty-first Report of the Department of Public Records and Archives of Ontario, 1932 (Toronto 1933). DRPS Logo 7 by Ernie Coombs From Pickering Profile, 1971 “A Great Place to Live” About two years ago, after combing the environs of Metro Toronto for a home to buy and a pleasant neighbourhood to settle down in, we chanced upon our present home. We fell in love with its situation, perched on a rise beside a ravine adjacent to the Rouge Valley, and have happily surveyed the countryside through the changing seasons ever since. We have found the people here to be good and helpful neighbours—an interesting mixture of city workers and locally employed folks. Last summer, we discovered a major advantage in living in Pickering. Normally, because of the seasonal nature of my work, I’m able to take nearly the whole summer off. We have a summer place on the coast in New England, and greatly enjoy our holidays there by the sea, in a quiet New England village. Last summer, however, I found myself with a book to illustrate—a job that would keep me occupied for three weeks at least, and several short promotional tours and personal appearances scattered throughout the summer months. It looked as if it would be impossible for us to get away for more than a week at most, and we somewhat reluctantly decided that it wouldn’t be worthwhile to make the trek to Maine for so short a time. We were delighted, as the summer commenced, to discover how little we would have to give up by staying in Pickering. On a hike down into the Rouge Valley one day we found a typical old- fashioned swimming hole in a bend of the Rouge River. Here we could come as a family—my wife, two children, and two dogs, and spend a happy afternoon. The place was quite safe for the children to swim and splash in, and in spots, deep enough for adults to exercise. The dogs were free to roam the woods pursuing elusive rabbits and, best of all from our point of view, there wasn’t another soul around! Yet, here we were, within walking distance of our home. One could make out the vague hum of traffic on the 401, as it crossed the ravine—but, this sound was easily dismissed, and from this stand point of the surroundings, we could almost as easily have been many miles up North. These expeditions were made all the more interesting by the sightings of birds and animals along the way, which exist in abundance in this sheltered area, so close to, but protected from, the mainstream of the busy community life around. While city residents were steaming in the heat, we were comfortable beneath our shady trees. Our children took swimming lessons at the Rouge Hills Country Club, which is quite close by, and we could all enjoy a dip there, when we wanted a change of scene. Throughout the summer, we found that the Township of Pickering encompassed miles and miles of interesting and attractive side roads for motoring or bicycling, with fairs, auctions, and other events taking place frequently. The summer months passed quickly and we never regretted that we weren’t at the seaside. In the winter, there are tobogganing slopes galore within walking or easy driving distance. A ski-slope lies at the foot of our hill, and our family has taken up skiing as a family sport, with enthusiasm. After 20 years, I found that resuming the sport was quite easy, especially with a ski area so close at hand. On days when I have to go to the big city of Toronto, I find it convenient and relaxing to take the GO train—only six minutes away. And, if I should miss the train, Highway 401 can whisk me into town as quickly as I used to make it to the downtown area when I lived in East York. Small wonder then, that I can enthuse so readily over Pickering. It’s a beautiful, friendly place to live, and an area where I can delight in watching my children grow up with all the advantages of country living, while having the resources of the city close at hand. I recommend it to all. Ernie Coombs with Casey and Finnegan Detail of the Pickering Profile cover, 1971. 8 On the sofa, directly in the sunlight, two cats, lie intertwined. The older one, a Maltese, has a yellow band around his neck formed by the foreleg of the younger animal. The two make a composite mass of graceful gray and gold. They are the best of pals, these two, at the moment. Kinty, the older and the stockier, was born and bred on this farm. His mother when a kitten was dropped on the road by some passing thoughtless human. She found her way to a neighbor’s door and pleaded for a saucer of milk. They had none. Could we take her? One of us said, “Oh, the poor little thing,” meaning yes, and the other temporized. “Well, we have our Tommy at home. If you take this one you must keep her in the barn.” So that was settled. We called her Barnie. In a few weeks she was as firmly established in the house as Tommy. But she was a marvelous hunter and grew apace. Well, things went along as things will, till one day, getting hay out of the mow, I noticed a strange round hole. Thrusting my hand down arms length, I felt something soft and squirming. Kittens! Four of them. Just then along came Barnie, purring like a new Ford and looking at me with the pride of possession in her eyes. She slipped quietly into the hole, out of sight, and I left her there with her brood. She was a great provider. We used to see her climbing up the ladder to the mow with mice and sparrows and once with a young rabbit. The kittens were soon big enough to be moved to a box on the barn floor, and many a strenuous hour I worked, watching them play. One day the little mother, now going far afield, failed to return from the hunt, and after inquiries and a search we found her mangled body in a rut on the road. Three of the orphans we gave away. The fourth is Kinty. That same summer Tommy, as was his wont, went off into the bush, and was never seen again. He of the long flaming yellow hair, with the graceful rings round his body and tail, we thought we could never replace; but one fall at a school fair we saw among the pets exhibited a yellow kitten somewhat resembling Tommy. After a hunt through the crowd we found the small boy owner. “Hello, Walter. Will you let us have one of your kittens?” “Sure. Which one do you want?” “This one marked third prize. Here’s a quarter, Walter.” He was so tiny, so soft, so defenseless, we called him Tarzan—Tarzan of the Farm. “Oh, thanks,” and he scampered off while we took home in a pocket a little bit of yellow fluff. He was so tiny, so soft, so defenseless, we called him Tarzan—Tarzan of the Farm. No home need ever be dull, containing a kitten. Such scampering through the house; such chasing of paper balls; such saucy approaches and roguish eyes. Kinty was jealous at first; but by dint of coaxing and encouraging he finally took the little fellow under his care. He taught him tricks and how to fight. Many an evening on the rug before the stove they provided an entertainment of acrobatics, wrestling and sham-fighting. Kinty would lie pretending unconcern, but watching his antagonist from the corner of his eye. The young tiger would creep stealthily from under a couch and circle, with arched back and swaying tail, round the prostrate form on the floor. Then with a dash he would spring in, and all was a whirling, wreathing mass of gray and yellow. Kinty showed him how to use his hind legs in the grapple, but he never unsheathed his claws. Sometimes Tarzan did, and when Kinty cried out the young rascal would bound clear and be very proud of himself. He is now about as big as Kinty, but more lithe and sinewy. There they are, still in the spotlight on the sofa, in a delicate embrace. As things stand now there are not enough mice to go round, and a grave crisis threatens the peace of the family. Musings on Rural Life in Pickering Township in the 1930s: Part 13 Andrew Glen’s We continue to run these articles by Andrew Glen, who, in 1923, for political reasons, gave up a successful engineering career in Toronto and moved to Pickering Township to farm. Farming was a quite different occupation from his previous life and it took a long while for him to become comfortable with his new occupation. During much of the 1930s, he wrote a column for the Toronto Star in which he described his new life in the country with all the new experiences he faced. Mostly he wrote about his neighbours and about rural life, and occasionally about Pickering Township history. But Glen had also long been a political activist and while he describes ordinary activities of farm life with its triumphs and hardships, he often put these activities into a large, more contentious, context, if subtly. Caution: The reader is warned that some of the documents cited in these articles were written long ago in a different era. Some words or ideas that were in common use in times past might be considered offensive or demeaning in today’s more inclusive society.The illustrations were not a part of the original article. “Peace and War on the Farm” From the Toronto Star, 4 April 1932, #11 9 Economic conditions, however, sometimes play havoc with their natural friendliness. It takes a lot of mice to keep two grown cats busy. In the fall when the grain comes into the barn and the corn is stacked around the buildings, the mice come trooping in from the fields at night to take up their winter quarters. Then the cats delight to work overtime to reduce the surplus and gradually the mice diminish and the hunting becomes more arduous. As things stand now there are not enough mice to go round, and a grave crisis threatens the peace of the family. After supper they are both given their milk and let out for the night. Kinty goes with deliberate gait in the direction of the barn. Tarzan follows at a distance. Kinty looks round and stops. Tarzan stops. Kinty proceeds through the fence into the yard. Tarzan moves forward. Kinty stops again with threatening mien. Tarzan halts automatically. Kinty goes ahead to the barn door. Tarzan reaches the centre of the yard. Kinty swings round with twisting tails. “Mew-ow,” he calls out. “You go back where you came from. This is my sphere of influence.” “No, I won’t,” mew-ows Tarzan. “I’ve as much right here as you.” “Mew-o-ow,” says Kinty, “I was here first.” “Mew-o-ow,” checks up Tarzan. “All the mice in the barn don’t belong to you.” This was too much – a causus belli, in fact – and Kinty commenced hostilities by chasing the young upstart under the floor of the woodshed. Mew-o-o-ow, p-st, p-st, mew-o-o-o-ow. What a racket! This happened a few times, but the other night Tarzan decided to stand his ground. They had a set-to in the barn, and the still air was filled with the cries of battle. Pup was greatly distressed and began to howl. We thought there would be nothing left but two tails. However, they appeared next morning not much the worse—a few scratches and Tarzan with a limp. We gave them a severe lecture on pacifism; but they just smiled disdainfully as only cats can smile. So we constituted ourselves into a miniature league of nations with full powers to discuss matters and report progress. So we constituted ourselves into a miniature league of nations with full powers to discuss matters and report progress. Several proposals are already in the hands of the secretariat awaiting consideration. One is a scheme for the propagation and regulation of the mouse supply, but we are a little doubtful of this. Another suggestion is to disarm both cats and use Pup as a police force to settle all disputes. Then there is the idea to endeavor to induce the cats to change their diet and have them agree to a pact to forego mice and subsist on Kellogg’s corn flakes instead. Anyway, something must be done about it, if only to save their faces. They are really very friendly cats at heart and would live together in perpetual peace if we could only solve their economic problem. Look at them on the sofa, wrapped in each other’s arms, enjoying at present an armistice. See Kinty as his head bobs and gently licks a sore on Tarzan’s ear. Tarzan gives a whimper and buries his impish little yellow nose in Kinty’s dark gray fur. Locust Hill, Ont. To city people a wet day is an unpleasant experience, something uncalled for. In the country we are more catholic in our opinions of the weather, and certainly much more concerned about it. For instance, on a city street, whoever stops a friend hurrying berubbered from car to office, with the remark: “Good morning, John. It’s a nice rain we’re having.” Nor does John linger to test the wind and glimpse the clouds between skyscrapers, to respond, “Yes, that’s right. If it keeps up all day it ought to clean the streets quite a bit.” They still talk about the weather from force of habit; but not with the finely drawn distinctions and ponderous predictions of we to whom it is of prime importance. No, they are not like that anymore. They still talk about the weather from force of habit; but not with the finely drawn distinctions and ponderous predictions of we to whom it is of prime importance. Excepting perhaps the grain broker, who carefully scans the forecasts on the chance of manipulating futures, urban dwellers would be satisfied continuously with what they are pleased to call “fine” weather. Their urbanity would be unruffled. With the farmer it is not so much a personal as a natural affair. Does the land need a soaking? All right, we’ll take our chance of getting wet, too. Does the corn want dry heat? Well, then, that’s our choice. We subordinate our private wishes for the land’s sake. The weather, therefore, is the chief topic of conversation on the country roads, in the village store, at the church and at funerals. April showers have been more than usually scattered this spring; but the other day we had a beautiful rain, soft and mild and even. The party lines buzzed with its virtues. True, it held up seeding for the time being, but by a consensus of opinion it was more just than unjust. There was much seed in the ground and the extra moisture ensured good germination. In some fields the delicate green spears have thrust up through the ground. In the evening with the land in shadow they can be faintly seen in serried row on row. There is a shortage of hay and many a farmer is anxiously watching the lowering level of his mow, wondering if the supply will hold out till the cattle go to pasture. Since the rain, the grass has shot up an inch or so, and will soon be long enough for a beast to wrap its tongue around and pull. In the orchard the crab apple tree is breaking out in new raiment, and a veil seems to have fallen on the fringe of bush where, until the rain, the trees stood stark and naked against the skyline. Down by the creek the gradual greening of the background has subdued the vivid red of a clump of dogwood. Last year a pair of flickers raised a family in a hole in a spy. They are all back, and building operations are in full swing. The old homestead is being renovated and new ones are in course of construction, without building permits. After the Rain From the Toronto Star, 9 May 1932, #16 10 One pair is widening out a knot hole in the side of the house, and the burr of their bills reverbates like automatic riveters. To-day our old friend, the heron, went flying up the valley seeking his favorite haunts. On a boulder in the creek bed he will be standing quietly watching the pool. The sight of him recalls boyhood days on the shores of Loch Fyne. The tide was out and on a rock that jutted into the sea a solitary heron poised. In the air above, some gulls were wheeling and crying, protesting his intrusion. One by one they swooped down striking at his head; but as they struck the flexible neck seemingly telescoped and the head ducked safely out of reach. Again and again they darted and the head bobbed up and down unscathed. But the heron got no peace and soon he rose on ponderous wings over the water into the mist. Where, we wonder, does our heron rest? Not here certainly. We often see him with his two-foot legs and his neck like Annie Laurie’s, long and graceful, only longer. He comes in the early morning, feeds himself on minnows and frogs, and lazily wings himself off in the evening. The seed is being sown for better or for worse. Whether the harvest be heavy or light; whether we will get for our labors a rich reward or a poor, it is not for us to say. The swallows were flitting about the horse’s heads to-day as we crossed and recrossed the field. Some flies were there, no doubt, after the rain. We are still rushing with the seeding, the spring wheat and the oats. The seed is being sown for better or for worse. Whether the harvest be heavy or light; whether we will get for our labors a rich reward or a poor, it is not for us to say. A poor crop may be paying crop and a bumper yield a loss. Such are the vagaries which defy the calculations of he who works upon the land. Supply and demand can be regulated in all lines but agriculture. Is copper too cheap? Cut down production. Is crude oil below the cost of production? Send in the troops to stop the flow. It is difficult to sell implements? Close the factories, fire the workman, grease the machinery, sit tight and wait. But the farmers must use their land or it will choke with weeds and deteriorate. If he has to meet interest on the mortgage he must produce twice as much as before. Every man-jack is rushing his seeding, trying to finish before his neighbor and it is all a gamble without sense or reason. After the rain, down came the price of grain on the Winnipeg exchange. Russia, anticipating attack, buys a few boatloads of our surplus wheat, and the bulls raid the market. The farmer is the creature of fate; but the odds need not be so heavily against him. It should be possible to better regulate production to requirements by organization. The basic industry of the country is left to the haphazard whims of chance. A government of ten million ought to know how much food is required. We have tariffs to prevent goods coming into this country. We ought to have tariffs to keep food from leaving the country till everyone is properly fed. Canada first! If we must gamble let it not be with human lives and human welfare. Let us pit our wits against nature, the heat and the rain, so that we may, in an orderly economy, always have something to spare for a rainy day. Locust Hill, Ont. 11 Beginning with the March- April 2022 issue of ArtScene, the newsletter of the PineRidge Arts Council, there has been a series of articles telling the stories of artist of the past in Durham Region, and especially the City of Pickering and Town of Ajax. To access these articles, go to the PRAC website, click on ArtScene, and follow the directions for past issues. Most of the articles have come under the umbrella of “The Arts in Retrospect” with a couple others relating to Provincial Plaques. See the list that follows. “The Arts in Retrospect” March-April 2022: Charles Fothergill: Pickering’s First Artist-in-Residence May-June 2022: Dr. David Tucker: Classical Scholar, Essayist and Poet July-August 2022: Ebenezer Birrell: Visual Artist September-October 2022: J.D.A. Tripp: Piano Virtuoso November-December 2022: Florence Helena McGillivray: Landscape Painter and Art Teacher November-December 2022: Glenn Gould: Pianist with Uxbridge Connections—written by Allan McGillivray January-February 2023: Fred and Bess Housser: Writer and Visual Artist March-April 2023: Dorothy and Andrew Glen: The Artist and the Writer-Politician May-June 2023: Bert Harvey: Vaudevillian May-June 2023: Ray Dudley: Bowmanville’s Interpreter of Joseph Haydn—written by Paul Arculus July-August 2023: Charles Morey: Art Teacher and Abstract Painter September-October 2023: Louise Richardson Rorke: Journalist and Children’s Author November-December 2023: Cleeve and Jean Horne: Visual Artists January-February 2024: Ernie Coombs: Children’s Entertainer and Doris H. Speirs: Visual Artist, Art Promoter Provincial Plaques May-June 2022: Robert Holmes: Wildflower Painter September-October 2022: Jimmie Frise: Canadian Cartoonist Articles in ArtScene, newsletter of the PineRidge Arts Council Articles by John W. Sabean, unless otherwise noted. 12 The directors of the Pickering Township Historical Society thank the Binns family for a generous donation that will support the society’s publications. The directors of the Pickering Township Historical Society thank the Province of Ontario for funding through the Heritage Organization Development Grant (HODG). The directors of the Pickering Township Historical Society thank the City of Pickering for funding through the Community Grant Program. The directors of the Pickering Township Historical Society thank Elexicon Energy for their generous annual grant in support of the society’s publications. The Executive Officers of the Pickering Township Historical Society thank all those who have joined with us over our twenty-six year history and helped to keep alive the memories of our glorious past. COPIES AVAILAIBLE FOR $10.00 Board of Directors: Honourary Presidents: Lilian M. Gauslin Tom Mohr Past President John Sabean President: Vice President: Recording & Corresponding Secretary: Carol Sabean Treasurer and Membership Secretary John Earley Member-at-large Gail Lawlor Editor: John Sabean Design: John Cormier Hands On Art & Design Pathmaster is the newsletter of the Pickering Township Historical Society and is issued occasionally. Address correspondence to PTHS, c/o 928 Reytan Blvd., Pickering, Ontario, L1W 1Y7. E-mail: johnsabean88@gmail.com.